An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Jan-Feb,2014, vol-2/10

Impact Factor: 1.38

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2014-03-04

JAN-FEB, 2014

MANAGEMENT STYLES AND TEACHER MOBILITY IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN KAKAMEGA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

Maiyo K. Julius, Siro Teresa, Cecilia K. Tecla

Page No.: 896 - 917

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 High rates of teacher mobility in terms of transfers and job change remains a very critical
development in the education sector worldwide prompting various attempts to mitigate a
possible crisis in the sector and in Kenya’s Western Province, teacher transfer requests have
been notably high compared to the national average. The purpose of this study was to
establish the link between school leadership and management styles and teacher mobility in
primary schools in Kakamega Central sub-county and also to determine their roles in
influencing the situation. Specifically the study aimed: to assess the school management
styles; to examine how management styles affect teacher mobility; to determine how school
management corresponds to the modes of teacher mobility. Studies done in this area have not
expressly linked the management styles adopted in schools to the growing problem of teacher
mobility hence, necessitating investigation. Theories of workplace leadership and
management and their effect on occupational mobility of the subordinate workers guided the
study. Descriptive survey study design was adopted for the study targeting 2149 primary
school teachers within the study area. Systematic random sampling was used to draw 196
teachers including head teachers from the study population. The respondents comprised the
teaching staff and head teachers to who questionnaires and interview schedules were
administered after pilot testing. The data was analyzed using descriptive methods and results
presented in tables, pie charts and graphs. The findings indicated that schools still uses the
traditional authoritarian model of leadership, the school management styles in this case the
authoritarian was responsible for teacher transfer requests to other schools and also to other
jobs. The study found that the management styles adopted in the schools were indeed critical
to the retention of the teachers in the schools. The study recommends change in management
schools to be more inclusive in their leadership and managerial approach as an incentive to
retain teachers.
Key words: Management styles, Teacher Mobility


COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE AMONG TEACHERS: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF STUDENT TEACHERS IN KENYA

Wanjala M.S Martin, Wanyonyi W. David, Opanda A. Joseph, Zipporah Ruto

Page No.: 918 - 929

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The use of computer technology in schools has made slow progress even though
government has been generous in funding through the Kenya Education Sector Support
Programme (KESSP). It is therefore important to understand how and when teachers use
computer technology in order to devise implementation strategies to encourage them. This
study investigated student teachers’ perceptions of computer technology in relation to their
intention to use computers. The purpose is to shed light on more effective ways to motivate
the use of computer technology in schools. Based on an expanded variation of the
Technology Acceptance Model, a survey of student teachers were collected at local
universities in Kenya. Overall, the results indicated that (1) student teachers’ perceived
usefulness of computer technology had a direct significant effect on their intention to use it;
(2) student teachers’ perceived ease of use had only an indirect significant effect on intention
to use; however, (3) student teachers’ subjective norm, that is the possible influence of
external expectations, did not have any direct or indirect significant effects on their intention
to use computer technology.


RELEVANCE OF CONSTRUCTIVIST APPROACH IN TEACHING & LEARNING

K.Santhoshi, M.Ravi Babu

Page No.: 930 - 934

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 Constructivism is a set of assumptions governing the way people learn and make sense of the
world. It’s founded on the premise that, by reflecting on personal experiences, people create
their own understanding of the world they live in. People need to come out of rote learning to
discovery, enquiry, and problem solving learning where they learn through themselves, with
their peer group, family and field experiences. In this competitive world learning is more
comprehension includes both knowledge and attitude. In a constructivist classroom
knowledge is constructed, pupils are active learners and collaborative work is done.
Key Words: Constructivism, Language, Learning, Classroom
 
 


ICT IN EDUCATION: ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING

Jitender Kumar, Arti Pasricha

Page No.: 935 - 946

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In the developed countries and the urban elites of advanced economies, twenty-first century
education integrates technologies, engaging students in ways which were not previously
possible, creating new learning and teaching possibilities, enhancing achievement and
extending interactions with local and global communities. Students live in a world that has
seen an information explosion and significant and rapid social and economic changes.
Student learning is the focus of teaching learning process. Theorists and practitioners have
always been made concerted efforts to facilitate students learning by enhancing the quality of
learning experiences. Emergence of learning theories over time reflects the concern of
educators to explore process, factors and conditions involved in human learning. Application
of predominant learning theories have always been changing and modifying the methods of
teaching and learning. Research conducted on young people shows a remarkable trend. It
indicates that children retain 20% of what they hear, 40% of what they see and hear and 75%
of what they see and do. That’s one of the key reasons why the latest educational technology
has become essential to impart education. They combine the use of several ICTs- internet,
video, audio, graphics, text, images, etc. to offer students a near live experience of what is
learning. In this paper efforts have been made to analyze the present situations in order to
identify the constraints and possibilities in the use of ICT in teaching profession.
 
 
 


MOBILE LEARNING ENVIRONMENT IN EDUCATION

Sudhir Sudam Kaware, Sunil Kumar Sain

Page No.: 947 - 950

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21st century is the mobile century. The revolution took place in the field of
educational technology. Mobile technology emerged as a tool of learning. The concept
emphasized on anytime, anywhere and self-paces learning in the education though we create
environment for m-learning. Teachers and learners both are using this technology for better
teaching and learning process. M-Learning has its own characteristics to enhance this
technology in the field of education. Now the time has come to expand the ICT in various
ways like e-learning, online-learning, self-pace learning and obviously M-Leaning. We must
use M-Learning tool in our teaching-learning process in the field of education.
Keywords: ICT, E-Learning, M-Learning Technology
 


SOCIAL NETWORKING AND ADOLESCENTS: ISSUES AND CONCERNS

Jitender Kumar, Asha Chhabra

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Participation with technology for social purposes has become the mainstream
communication method for many people in the past several years. In particular adolescents
in schools have adopted these forms of communication as the paramount way to keep in
touch with family and friends. Social networking is a current phenomenon that consists of
both web-based communication with Internet users through websites (Face book, MySpace,
YouTube) and interaction with others via cellular phones. Social Networking websites, such
as Facebook, Twitter and MySpace are the most popular places for these students to spend
their time. These young people are the most prolific users of social network sites (SNS).
Emerging studies find that youth spend a considerable portion of their daily life interacting
through social networking. The rise of the internet age has enabled us to live a life at a faster
pace. Because of the freedom the web provides, millions of people can communicate at the
same time. Never before in human history, has there been a time like this. What’s most
intriguing about this revolution is that children and teens are leading the way. And because
of their limited capacity for self-regulation and susceptibility to peer pressure, children and
adolescents are at some risk as they navigate and experiment with social networking. Present
paper conceptualizes that there are frequent online expressions of offline behaviors, such as
bullying, clique-forming, and sexual experimentation, that have introduced problems such as
cyber bullying, privacy issues, and “sexting.” Other problems that merit awareness include
Internet addiction and concurrent sleep deprivation. 
 
 


A STUDY OF LEADERSHIP BEHAVIOUR OF PRINCIPAL OF SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL IN ROHTAK DISTRICT

Meena Sharma

Page No.: 961 - 966

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 The aim of the present study is to investigate the Leadership behaviour of principal of
senior secondary schools. Normative survey method was used. The sample was comprised of
10 principal and 10 Teachers of senior secondary schools from District Rohtak of Haryana.
The investigator used the Leadership Behaviour Description Questionnaire popularly known
as IBDQ developed by Stogdill and Hemphill (1963) for data collection. Findings of the study
indicated that the leadership behavior of principal as perceived by them does not
significantly differ to that of as perceived by their teachers.


SERVICE QUALITY AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT INDIAN BANKS

Ramesh Kumar Chaturvedi

Page No.: 967 - 971

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 This article examines whether service quality of Indian commercial banks is correlated
with customer satisfaction that fosters customer loyalty. Further an analysis is done to study
the perceptual difference of public and private sector bank customers with respect to service
quality rendered to them. The Service quality is assessed through well-established
SERVQUAL dimension. Data were collected from 100 valued customers of public and private
scheduled commercial bank branches in BilaspurChhattisgarh. A questionnaireeliciting
information on SERVQUAL dimensions to measure service quality was served to
respondents. The data collected is analyzed through Correlation analysis and ANOVA
analysis. A significant correlation between quality of service and customer satisfaction is
found. Further public sector and private sector banks differ in service quality offered by them
as per perception of their customers.
Keywords: Service Quality, Indian Banks, SERVQUAL, Customer satisfaction


CONGRESS MINISTRY AND LABOUR UNREST IN BIHAR, 1937-39

Mahesh Kumar Deepak

Page No.: 972 - 987

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 This paper seeks to analyse the condition of labour in colonial Bihar during the tenure of the
first congress ministry, 1937-39. Also, it tries to contextualise the work of the congress
ministry, established under the Provincial Autonomy under the Government of India Act,
1935, with respect to the labour demands. The analysis finds that the congress ministry could not go too far in fulfilling the just labour
demands because of (i) the limitation of the Act of 1935 and (ii) congress party’s
unwillingness to compromise on the strategy of class –collaboration instead of classstruggle.
Key Words: Labour, Provincial Autonomy, Act of 1935, Congress Ministry, Indian National
Congress.


PERCEPTION OF TEACHER’S TOWARDS NO-DETENTION POLICY

Alka Dutt

Page No.: 1000 - 1008

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 how successful it became and what and how it effect and fulfill its objective is actually mean
a lot. While amending right to education act, 2009- government introduces no detention
policy and also enforced it. This project tries to show the coin Sides of the no detention policy
i.e. we know for what objectives the government amend this policy but in this project
researcher tried to know how successful the policy is and how it effects the education system.


TEA IN DIFFERENT CONTEXT………..

Sandhya Mishra

Page No.: 1009 - 1015

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 Tea is a very important beverage of today used by 80% population all over the world. Next to water, it is the cheapest beverage. Tea plays an important part in our social cultural life. Economic condition are also influenced by tea in those countries where tea is produced. Role of tea is not limited to this only , it influence our environment too. This paper tries to analyse the key part Tea is playing in our life as a specific product. This paper will describe the impact of tea on social and cultural life of people of different countries, economic effect of tea , and environmental effect of tea. While analyzing this mainly secondary data has been used through various sources like journals magazines, tea board website etc. Keywords: beverage, social-cultural, impact, environmental, economic.


A STUDY ON ADHD PROBLEMS OF PRIMARY GRADE CHILDREN

T.Sangeetha, D.Ushalaya Raj

Page No.: 1016 - 1022

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 The conceptual paper aims to give a broad view of the ADHD problems prevailing
among the primary grade students. ADHD is considered to be a major threat to the learners.
The primary goal of the research paper is to portray the signs and symptoms of ADHD and
its impact on the psychological well being. The study also depicts the intervention procedures
to be adopted in order to overcome the ADHD disorder. The diagnostic and prognostic
measures to be formulated with the children affected with ADHD have also been enumerated


ROLE OF FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS IN ENTREPRENEURIAL DEVELOPMENT WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS

Rajat K.Sant

Page No.: 1023 - 1031

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 The word ‘entrepreneur’ has been taken from the French language where it cradled and originally meant to designate an organiser of musical or other entertainments. Entrepreneurship among women in India is a recently fast growing concept that is applauded in several quarters of our National life. The Central and State Governments have initiated a number of steps taken in recent years for giving a great fillip to the cause of Women Entrepreneurship Development by way of granting a variety of special concessions, incentives, subsidies, rebates and assistance of varied nature, financial, technical, organizational and managerial etc. The Financial Institutions also has been contributing its share to this cause. They have launched a number of schemes of assistance to the favor of women entrepreneurs. Several women\\\'s Organisations at national and regional levels have also taken up this cause and sponsored a number of conferences and workshops in recent times, which gave a great moral support and inspiration for the women entrepreneurs to take up viable schemes of business and industry. The present paper in this regard is an attempt to examine the role of financial institutions in promoting small scale and tiny industries in terms of growth of entrepreneurs.

Key words:Women entrepreneur, Financial Institutions, EDP, Women Empowerment



EFFECT OF NSS ON PERSONALITY TRAITS OF STUDENTS

Namesh Kumar & Bandana Kumari

Page No.: 1032 - 1037

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 National Service Scheme is a student welfare service which runs in various
educational institutions. NSS is a sort of training for all the youth in education to provide
selfless service on voluntary basis. For the growth and development of a powerful nation. It
is not only the material and equipment which matters but it is the human factor which is the
most vital and decisive one. NSS helps in channelizing youth energy into constructive
channels and to mold their character at the most impressionable age.


EFFECTIVENESS OF COOPERATIVE LEARNING AND LANGUAGE GAMES IN ENHANCING THE WRITING COMPETENCE OF SEVEN STANDARD STUDENTS OF AURANGABAD CITY

Khandale S.B.

Page No.: 1038 - 1043

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 In this study the investigator campares the Effectiveness of cooperative learning and
language games in enhancing the writing competence in English language amonge the seven
standard students of Aurangabad city.the experimental method was used for this
study.Investigator makes the programme & takes exericise for experimental group. The
achivment level of the students is increased effectively by using cooperative learning &
language game method. the students responded favourably towards learning through
cooperative &language learning game.they like to learn other subjects by this
method.according to them this mehods was easy to understand,easy to remember,more
interesting and stress less.
Key words- cooperative learning,language game ,writing competence


MENTAL HEALTH OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR SELF-ESTEEM AND FAMILY ENVIRONMENT

Mona Vij & Madhvi Sharma

Page No.: 1044 - 1051

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 The word mental health is comprised of two words ‘mental’ and ‘health’. Mental refers to
proper functioning of brain because brain is center of all powers. Health generally means
sound condition of body or freedom from mental diseases. This study aims to examine the
mental health of the students in relation to their self-esteem and family environment using
descriptive research method. Data collected by the three different tools mental health
inventory, self-esteem scale and family environment scale. Data collected in May 2013 from
200 students of Ludhiana city (Punjab). The purpose of the present study is to assess the
mental health of the secondary school students in relation to their self-esteem and family
environment. And draw the interpretation on the basis of gender difference, also to compare
the mental health, self-esteem and family environment of boys and girls of secondary schools.
Keywords: Mental Health, Self-Esteem and Family Environment.


A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE OPINION OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOL TEACHERS OF CHITTOOR DISTRICT TOWARDS CONTINUOUS COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION

T. S. Anitha

Page No.: 1052 - 1072

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 Evaluation is widely acknowledged as a powerful means of improving the quality of
education. The introduction of Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is
considered as one of the major steps taken in this regard to improve and strengthen the
quality of learner evaluation. The state of Andhra Pradesh has been going through a series of
educational reforms over the last decade or so and the introduction of CCE in the state is one
among them. Continuous Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) is the buzz word being in the air
since the talks of the examination reforms being given utmost importance as far as the Indian
education system is concerned.
The main objective of the study is to find out the opinion of teachers towards continuous and
comprehensive evaluation. Accordingly the hypotheses were formulated. For this purpose the
sample of 100 teachers were purposively selected. After establishing proper rapport the
questionnaire was administered to the subjects. The data was scored according to the scoring
procedure given in the manual. To study the significance of difference between the various
groups t test was applied. The overall results indicated that the there is significant difference
between the opinion of school teachers towards continuous comprehensive evaluation in
relation to Gender and type of management of school.
Keywords: Comparative study, Opinion, private school teachers , Continuous,
comprehensive evaluation


ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION IN RELATION TO SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

A .K. Kalia & Manju Yadav

Page No.: 1073 - 1081

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 Procrastination is a common behavior in contemporary societies (Ferrari, Johnson, &
McCown, 1995; Ferrari,O’Callaghan, & Newbegin, 2005). There is also a great mystery
in procrastination research. That is, although many students indicate needing help for
overcoming procrastination (Gallagher et al., 1992), and there are case descriptions of
students whose performance has been hurt by procrastination (Burka & Yuen, 1983). Thus
the problem is significant enough to require utmost attention. Academic Procrastination in
relation to Socio-demographic variables. objectives of the present study were To study and
compare the academic procrastination of male and female adolescents and to study and
compare the academic procrastination of urban and rural adolescents and hypotheses were
there is no significant difference between academic procrastination of male and female
adolescents.
Urban and rural adolescents are similar on academic procrastination. A sample of 400
adolescents equally divided on the basis of gender and residence was randomly selected from
+1 stage studying in senior secondary schools of Haryana. For the purpose of sampling the
whole of the Haryana state was divided into five zones, i.e. North, East, South, West and
Central. One district from each zone was selected by Random Lottery Method i.e. Rewari,
Punchkula, Faridabad, Hisar and Rohtak. A list of senior secondary schools from each
district was procured from the concerned D.E.O. Four schools from each district (2 urban +
2 rural) were selected randomly from the list supplied by D.E.O.. From the selected schools
20 students (10 male + 10 female) of +1stage were selected using lottery method making a
total sample to 400. Academic Procrastination Scale: Academic Procrastination Scale was
developed and standardized by the Kalia and Yadav(2013) on the lines of Lay(1991). The
scale comprised of 25 items having 16 positive items and 9 negative items. Each item has five
alternate answers ranging from most appropriate to least appropriate. Academic
procrastination does not differ with respect to male and female adolescents.
Locality does not affect academic procrastination among adolescents. Hence the teacher,
parents and students have to change their traditional behavior and treat both male and
female; urban and rural adolescents equally
Key Words: Academic Procrastination Socio-demographic variables


AN ARTIST DRAGGED DOWN BY CASTE AND PATRIARCHY: A READING OF AARPAR LAYIT PRANANTIK

Ramesh Dhage

Page No.: 1082 - 1095

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 An Artist Dragged Down by Caste and Patriarchy: A Reading of Aarpar Layit Pranantik
Reconstruction of an egalitarian society can be had only on the basis of the ideology of the
deconstructed. The Indian caste -system and patriarchy, the two sides of the same coin have
not only degraded human beings but also the energy within them to create and construct.
These forces made huge India dalit. Patriarchy, the natural offspring of the caste system,
with the inherited terror, made the female gender of the degraded section pitiably miserable.
The distorted dalit woman under such hostile social milieu had to sacrifice all her humanity
and creativity only for a stigmatized life. Aarpar Layit Pranantik (Through Rhythmic Intense)
is a long bio-poem by Pradnya Pawar on a tempestuous personality named Withaa Bhau
Maang Narayangaonkar. The poem exposes the obstructed life of a dalit versatile womanartist
in the field of Tamashaa, a popular folk-form of public education and entertainment in
Maharashtra. The paper attempts to show how the untoucable artis under the caste and
patriarchy ridden hostile milieu sustained her will and ultimately surfaced victorious.
Keywords: caste, patriarchy, gender, tamashaa, dalit, untouchable, maang, mahaar, brahmin
and hindu.


A STUDY OF COMPETENCIES FOR INDIAN MANAGERS

Abhilasha Sharma & Harsh Dwivedi

Page No.: 1096 - 1109

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 This study is an attempt to identify the most required competencies for a manager’s success
in Indian context. This study revealed 34 competencies, most needed for the success of a
manager. Defining the success has always remained a controversial task. To lighten the
controversy, success has been equated with achievement of goals and classified into three
categories- long term success, short term success and both long term and short term
successes. But this paper will highlight only for long term success. An model will be
developed in this context.
Key Words: Competencies, Competency Model, Success, AHP


A STUDY OF CAUSES OF DROPOUT AND FAILURE AT ELEMENTARY STAGE IN RURAL AREAS OF TEHSIL HIRANAGAR OF DISTRICT KATHUA IN J&K STATE

Mohd. Zubair Kales

Page No.: 1110 - 1127

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 Education works as a lever in raising financial and social status of the individuals.
Education is that which makes human being a social one. So, it must be given from the first
day of life informally. Formal education begins at elementary stage, so elementary education
is called fundamental education
Elementary education means the first few years of education of an individual when he/she
goes to school. Primary is usually used for first five years of schooling. It is called primary
education because it is of primary of first importance to a person and secondly, it is a first
step towards his total education in life. Thus, in simple words, the elementary education
means eight years of schooling dividing the stages into two sub-stages, five years of primary
school stage and three years of middle school stage.
The Indian constitution under article 45 also provides for eight years of elementary
education in the age-group of 6-14. Elementary education is the level of education, which
needs to be provided to all individuals. It lays down the foundation stone for further
attainment like social, moral, physical, intellectual etc. That is why in all the democratic
countries of the world, elementary education has been compulsory, universal and free. The
main aim of elementary education is to give children education of citizenship to fulfill their
basic needs, start socialization process train children for reading and playing in group, to
develop social attitude, to develop in them healthy attitudes or habits. Other aims are
literacy, attainment of numeracy, technocracy and to develop a respect for national symbols
like the flag and the anthem and for the democratic processes and institutions of the country.
It develops in the child healthy attitudes towards human labour and its dignity, to develop
habits of cleanliness and healthful living. It enables the child to express himself freely and
develop the habit of self-learning. In the present study researcher focuses on these objectives;
i.e. to find out the extent of failure and dropout in rural areas ,the difference in the rate of
failure and dropout between boys and girls, the difference in the rate of wastage and
stagnation between the upper castes and the lower castes, the problem of dropout of the
children, the extent of failure and dropout among different religious groups and to list some
of the important causes of failure and dropout at the elementary school stage in the rural
villages of HiranagarTehsil of District Kathua J&K. Author selected the sample that
consists of 100 parents of dropout and failure children.
For the present study ‘A causes of dropout and failure at elementary stage’. The investigator
used an interview self prepared schedule.


ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OBJECTIVES OF PRIMARY EDUCATION AS VIEWED BY PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER

Satish Kumar Kalhotra & Varinder Singh Choudhary

Page No.: 1128 - 1139

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 The present study was carried out to find the achievement of the objectives of Primary
Education as viewed by primary school teachers. A sample of 77 primary school teachers
was selected from 23 primary schools situated in Jammu District of J&K.The results of the
present study indicate that in primary school teacher’s opinion - the objectives of primary
education have not been satisfactorily achieved in either of the two domain i.e. cognitive and
non- cognitive. One of the objectives in the cognitive domains could be achieved to a
satisfactorily level as viewed by primary school teachers.
Key Words : Education , Primary Education and Universalization of primary education


A STEP AHEAD FROM THIRD GENERATION MOBILE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Mustafa Abdalrassual Jassim

Page No.: 1140 - 1147

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 According to the present study market is captured by 3G mobile technology but according
to the study 4G and 5G technology is emerging in the market, presently 4G mobile
technology is at determining and standardization stage and 5G technology may emerge in
near future. 4G mobile technology has high data rates since mobile network has ability to
roam across multiple wireless networks therefore it has become more popular in the market.
3GPP LTE is an UMTS standard and WiMax is and IEEE standard. These technology has
characteristics which meets 4G characteristics. Present study discusses the comparative
study of different generation of mobile networks and the advancement in 3G technologies
which leads to fourth generation mobile technology and can be followed by fifth generation
mobile technology.


CONTINUOUS COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION: EMERGING CONCERNS IN ASSESSMENT

Jitender Kumar & Arti Pasricha

Page No.: 1148 - 1156

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It is utmost important to make continuous and comprehensive evaluation as an integral part of teaching and learning process to promote standard of Education. CCE refers Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation, a system of school based assessment that covers all the aspects of a student’s development. It was designed to reduce the student stress related to board exams, and to introduce a uniform and comprehensive pattern for student evaluation across the country. It emphasizes on two broad objectives: (a) Continuity in Evaluation and (b) Assessment of broad based learning. Clearly, it attempts to shift emphasis from ‘testing’ to ‘holistic learning’ with an aim of creating young adults, possessing appropriate skills and desirable qualities in addition to academic excellence. Therefore, the CCE scheme brings about a paradigm shift from examination to effective pedagogy. Conventionally the teacher is seen as the information giver; knowledge flows only one way, from teacher to student. In a collaborative classroom (or the CCE method), emphasis is on shared knowledge and decision making. For some teachers finding time for planning collaborative instruction is a most difficult challenge. Practicing modes and modalities of CCE is a challenge before traditional teachers. Therefore it is absolutely essential that teachers need to be provided with orientation about the CCE scheme incorporating both the scholastic and co-scholastic areas of learners’ growth. In order to make CCE effective there has to be collective understanding among all concern i.e. child, teacher, parent and institutions of higher education about what is being evaluated.


A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ADJUSTMENT OF ADOLESCENTS OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE SCHOOLS

Jyoti Khanna

Page No.: 1157 - 1164

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 One of the most subtle issues that have provoked heated worldwide debates in the educational and instruction arena today in the way to enhance achievement outcomes of school students. Researchers , scholars, and stakeholders in the education industry seem to be resolute in their efforts at determining the best approach that can enhance student achievement outcomes. Jimoh (2000) describe education as the totality of the experiences made available to individuals, in formal or informal situations to make them develop a rounded personality and to be useful to themselves and the society at large. And development of personality of the child’s depends on the adjustment with the environment. To help the pupil in making the changing environment is one of the important aims of education. Adjustment helps in having integrated and balanced personality. Keywords: adjustment , adolescents , personality , achievement , development


RELATIONSHIP OF B.ED. ENTRANCE TEST WITH SCHOLASTIC AND ATTITUDINAL VARIABLES

Charanjit Kaur Dhillon

Page No.: 1165 - 1171

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 The main objective of the study was to study the relationships and interrelationships among entrance test scores, graduation marks, intelligence, teaching attitude and B.Ed. marks of the student-teachers. The sample of the study consisted of 525 B.Ed. students of 9 education colleges of Panjab and U.T. Chandigarh affiliated to Panjab, Punjabi and Guru Nanak Dev universities. Test of General Intelligence by Pal and Misra, Teaching Attitude Inventory by Ahluwalia and official records of the colleges were used to collect the data. Major findings of the study were : Entrance test scores and graduation marks were significantly related to all the variables of the study. Teaching attitude, intelligence and B.Ed. marks were not significantly related to all other variables.
Key words: Entrance test, Intelligence, Teaching attitude, Academic achievement, Student-teacher


A RESEARCH PAPER ON “MARKET SURVEY OF AURANGABAD FOR PROMOTION OF MIDC INDUSTRIAL DIRECTORY” ASSENT REFERENCE & DIRECTORY PVT. LTD.

D. B. Bagul

Page No.: 1172 - 1176

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 The research consist study of Market Survey of Aurangabad for Promotion of MIDC Industrial Directory for Assent Reference & Directory in Aurangabad region for MIDC & Non MIDC. In today\\\'s competitive world while entering in the market it is very necessary to have good knowledge of the potential of a particular market. Keywords: Advertisement‚ alphabetic section‚ B2B‚ B2C‚ Corporate Presence‚ Export‚ Import‚ ISO‚ Joint Venture‚ MIDC‚ Organizational Scale‚ Product Number‚ Promotional Mix‚ R& D helpline‚ Tax Information


SYNCHRONOUS BLENDED LEARNING: AN INNOVATION IN EDUCATION

Manju Gupta

Page No.: 1177 - 1181

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PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: THE INDUSTRIAL PERSPECTIVE

Khadilkar Sujay M

Page No.: 1185 - 1195

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DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF PERFORMANCE FEEDBACK AND SIGNIFICANCE

Khadilkar Sujay M.

Page No.: 1196 - 1204

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TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Ramarcha Prasad Pandey

Page No.: 1205 - 1209

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 Computer technology plays an integral role in personal and professional lives. The ability LOPMNT to utilize this technology has become the new literary for 21st century and is of critical importance in enabling India to compete successfully in the global community. For future generations to maximize their capability to operate within competitive and technologically driven economics, it is critical to foster computer abilities at every level of schooling process and teachers are central to this endeavour. Seemann (2000) found that just as literary and numerary have become imperative in school education, so too has technology. The recent inquiry into the provision of public education Esseon, Johnson and Winson (2002) has highlighted significant concerns relating to teacher professionalism including a critical need to redress the lack of fiscal support for teacher Professional development. In particular teacher professional development in computer technology has become a major priority at state and national level, need to skilled in the use and choice of variety of teaching methods, be skilled in variety of appropriate research methodologies and ensure their continunity professional development by upgrading knowledge and teaching skills. Across Indian researches reports that  there are deluge of challenges cofronting the educative process in general and application of ICT’s in teacher performance development in particular. As information and communication technologies are widely believed to be important potential levels to introduce and sustain education reforms efforts. Despite evidence of increasingly widespread use of ICTs in education institution around the world, however there is little guidance available for policy makers and donor staff specifically targeted at countries contemplating the use of ICT’s to help countries meet education related millennium development goals. Despite over ten years of investment in ICT’s to benefit teaching and learning in every developing countries, little is known about their substantive impact on teaching and learning processes and outcomes indeed. The release of the review of teacher education in NSW   Rangey (2000) highlighted the critical importance of computer education for all pre service and practicing teachers. In this report ICT was seen as one of the most significant challenge how comfronting teacher education, teacher and schools. Numerous studies point to limitations of professional development progress offered to practicing teachers   Hiederhavser (2001), Rwsel and Bradley (1997), William( 1998). Various alternative modes are beginning to be proposed and tried but Lurdin (2002) point out, despite years of concerted effort, it is unlikely that more than 50% of teacher have a basic standard of computer skills.  # The impact of ICT use of learning outcome is unclear and open to much debate.  # There is disconnect between  rationales  most often put forward to advance the use of         ICTs in education and their actual implementation.



BHARTIY SANGIT KE PRAMUKH TANTRI VADYO KA BHED EANV VAGRIKARAN

Gauri

Page No.: 1210 - 1219

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A STUDY OF CLASSROOM INTERACTION CHARACTERSTICS USING FLANDER'S CLASS ROOM INTERACTION ANALYSIS INA MATHS CLASSOF RURAL AND URBAN SCHOOLS

Sumeer Sharma

Page No.: 1220 - 1217

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 A Study of Classroom Interaction Characteristics in mathematics  Class Conducted. For these reasons, the interactions in the rural maths classes are supposed to be different from the urban ones. This condition motivates the writer to focus the study on the classroom interaction. The objectives of this study are to explore the classroom interaction characteristics and to find out whether or not the  maths classroom activities as used to teach  The sample for present study was comprised of two clusters of students of class IX standard from rural and urban school, Faridkot in Punjab. The observation used for Flander\\\'s class Room Interaction Analysis to analyze the data;. The results of the analysis showed that the most dominant characteristic in urban classroom interaction was the content cross ratio, Student Talk Ratio, Pupil Initiation Ratio. It reflected that most of the teaching-learning time was devoted urban areas student seems to be more aware and take part in the discussion as compared to student of rural area and high student talk ratio in urban school sample reveals a lively class room with max discussion in      class i.e. democratic climate..

 



TRAJECTORY OF HIGHER EDUCATION: ANCIENT TIMES TO POST-REFORMS ERA

Kapil Gandhar

Page No.: 1220 - 1229

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ETHNIC FAULT LINES IN PAKISTAN

Kulvinder Singh

Page No.: 1230 - 1241

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Pakistan is one of the world’s most ethnically and linguistically complex State. Each of its provinces associated with single ethno-linguistic group: Punjab with Punjabis, Sindh with Sindhis, Baluchistan with Baluchs, and the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (formerly known as North West Frontier Province (NWFP) with Pashtuns. The tribal population of Pakistan concentrated in the federally administered tribal area (FATA).Whereas some also have significant minority representation in the country. Each province has its own culture, language, and history and it drives ethnocentric supremacy in it. In This Paper highlighted the ethnic fault lines in Pakistan.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Keywords: Ethnic, Nationalism, Conflict, Baloch, Sindhi, Mohajir, Pashtun, FATA, Khyber 


TRADITIONS AND RITUALS AMONG THE SYRIAN CHRISTIANS OF KERALA

Indra Antony & Abhishek Tripathi

Page No.: 1242 - 1243

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 This article examines some of the traditions, rituals and social life among the Syrian Christians of Kerala. Most of these traditions and rituals exist even today among the Syrian Christian community.


Dawson Christopher, The Christian View of History, 1998. Chacko M. Paul, Syrian Christians: One Tradition, Many Faces, 2013 K.M George, Christianity in India through Centuries, 2007. Susan Vusvanathan, The Christians of Kerala, 1999. George Menachery, Social Life and Customs of the St. Thomas Christians, 1999. K. C. Zachariah, The Syrian Christians of Kerala: Demographic and Socio-Economic Transition in the Twentieth Century, 2006.
SOCIAL STATUS AND ROLE OF WOMEN AMONG THE KHASI TRIBE OF MEGHALAYA

Jecinthal David Koilpillai & Abhishek Tripathi

Page No.: 1244 - 1245

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 The basic aim of this study is to understand the change that has taken place over the period of time among the Khasi women of Meghalaya with the advent of modernisation and globalisation. Since all societies inevitably undergo social change, this paper will attempt to enquire about the path and direction to which women in Khasi Hills, Meghalaya has moved. 


Lodha, Neeta, Status of Tribal Women: Work Participation and Decision Making Role in Tribal Society. Jaipur: Mangal Deep Publications, 2003. Chacko, P.M.,Matrilineal system: Some structural implication. Matriliny in Meghalaya: Tradition and Change, P.M. Chacko (ed.). New Delhi: Regency Publications, 1998. Pakyntein,Valentina “Gender Preference in Khasi society: An evaluation of tradition change and continuity”. Indian Anthropologist, Vol. 30, Dec. 2000. Syiem, I.M., Matriliny in Meghalaya: Tradition and Change, P.M. Chacko (edt.). New Delhi, Regency, 1998.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSLATED BENGALI NOVELS ON MARATHI NOVEL IN NINETEENTH CENTURY

Laxman Babasaheb Patil

Page No.: 1246 - 1250

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 Translations play very important role in literary field. It is beneficial for the target language. It has been proved that translations influenced and shaped the literature across the regions and countries.The influence of Bengali novel played an important role in shaping and developing Marathi novel.The influence of Bankim Chandra Chatterjee is felt more on the Marathi novel. His novels portray the themes of social reformation, historical events, social and domestic scenario. The indirect influence of Ishwar Chandra Sencan be observed on the Marathi literature. Therefore, it can be said that Bengali novel gave inspiration to early Marathi novel. Bankim Chandra Chatterjee’s ‘Kapalkundal’ is a romantic and fascinating type of novel translated by N. V. Bapat. Afterwards, domestic novels, the novels based on historical period, politics were translated. In these novels, history, society and romances are confluenced together.Bankim Chandra Chatterjee started to write domestic and the novels based on historical period. The series of ‘Vadhudarpanmala’ appeared for women education and orientation in the nineteenth century.The idea of model of an ideal daughter-in-law is the central theme of ‘Saddguni Soon.’ An image of an ideal and virtuous daughter-in-law is portrayed through the character of Ramabai. She is a hard worker, polite, self-restrained, virtuous and nurses her both mother and father-in-laws. The writer tried to educate and orient the people through this novel. Maharashtra and Bengal were on more leading front in the fields of literature, social and political movements during the nineteenth century. Besides, there is a reciprocal response and influence on each other of these two states.
Keywords: translation, novel, Bengali, Marathi, influence
 


THE USE AND FORM OF GREETINGS IN WORKPLACE EMAILS

Nalina Singh

Page No.: 1251 - 1260

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 The closing years of the 20th century saw the introduction and widespread adoption of e-mail as a means of workplace communication. E-mails have replaced traditional letters and memos and have become the primary communication medium in many of today’s workplaces. “It plays an important role in the transmission of information and, in general, in dealing with everyday administrative work”.(Waldvogel,2005).Just as in face-to-face communication, greetings and closings in emails have an important role to perform. As Eckert and McConnell-Ginet (2003) note: “Greetings and farewells offer formulas to ease the strain created for face by the beginnings and ends of interactions” (p.138).This is very succinctly put forth by Waldvogel,2007(p.457)” Greeting is one of the means by which the writer makes his/her social and professional identity with the addressee(s).A closing can help consolidate the relationship and establish a relational basis for future encounters”. The absence or presence of a greeting to a great degree affects the tone for the email conversation that follows. This study, which is part of a larger study, will report the findings on the use and form of greetings s in the emails of two Indian workplaces: one educational organization, and the other, a Telecom company.
18,10,11,20,12,7,6,21,16,14,9,5,1,8,22,13,17,15,19

Brown, P., & S. Levinson. Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987. Print. Crystal, D. “The language of email.”Language and the Internet.Ed. D. Crystal. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, (2006). 2nd ed., 99-133. Print.
INDIAN OCEAN ASSOCIATION FOR REGIONAL CO-OPERATION (IOR-ARC): AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Hemant Kumar Pandey & Mohd Margub

Page No.: 1261 - 1270

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The Indian Ocean has received new attention in recent years because of its economic and strategic importance. The region is seen as a theatre for great power rivalries mainly between the United States, China, and India. In contrast to this, the Indian Ocean Rim – Association for Regional Co-operation (IOR–ARC) has hardly attained any political importance more than 15 years after its inauguration. The economic and political divergences among its 20 members and the competition with sub-regional organisations have limited its impact. The futile quest for regionalism should be replaced by a new understanding of the IOR–ARC as an international or inter-regional organisation that deals with different maritime issues. This would pave the way to promote closer cooperation between the different regional organisations and to enter into meaningful collaboration with the international community in order to fight common threats. The Indian Ocean has found renewed emphasis in strategic geopolitical discourse and will play an increasing role in global security considerations in the coming decades. From the arc of Islam and Africa on its western reaches to Australia on its east, the vast expanse of the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) and its adjacent waters are considered to be the theatre of conflict and competition in the twenty-first century. The geopolitics of the IOR will have wider implications on the transformations taking place in Asia, the global economy, and key global relationships. Along with the global economic balance shifting eastward, the US has shed its fixation with the Atlantic has turned its focus to developments in Asia. A paradigm shift from the assumed stability of the world order, propped up at the end of the Cold War, to the change in global power distribution currently underway has thrown Asia, and concomitantly, the IOR into sharp relief. Though geopolitical movements, amidst the rise of China and India, have set the context for viewing the importance of the IOR in a new light, the strategic imperatives of several enduring trends make the region a hotbed of global challenges.


KIRATARJUNIYAM KA PARVARTI SANSKRUT SAHITYA PAR PRABHAV

Birpal Singh

Page No.: 1271 - 1275

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BHARAT ME NIRDHANATA KA PARIDRUSHYA ADHYAYAN TATHA SAMADHAN

Ashutosh Mishra

Page No.: 1276 - 1282

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ADHYAPAK SHIKSHA SUCHANA TAKANIKI

Shrimati. Geeta Singh

Page No.: 1283 - 1287

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ENGLISH FOR SPECIFIC PURPOSE (ESP): AN EVOLVING BRANCH OF ELT

Nishant B. Pandya

Recived Date: 12014-01-10 | Accepted Date: 2014-02-20 | Published Date: 2014-03-04

Page No.: 1288 - 1295

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ANTIOXIDANT, PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDY OF SOLANUM NIGRUM

Bharat K. Raut

Recived Date: 2014-01-10 | Accepted Date: 2014-02-20 | Published Date: 2014-03-04

Page No.: 1296 - 1301

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The resurgence of herbal medicine in modern healthcare is a reflection of the enduring value of natural remedies. Historically, ancient texts have cataloged approximately 500 plant species with medicinal properties, a number that has grown to about 800 in contemporary practice. India, often referred to as the “botanical garden of the world,” is a major cultivator of these medicinal herbs, integrating them into traditional medical treatments across various indigenous systems such as Siddha, Ayurveda, Unani, and Allopathy.

This paper focuses on Solanum nigrum (black nightshade), a plant from the Solanaceae family, traditionally used to treat a range of conditions including pain, inflammation, fever, and gastrointestinal diseases. Despite its widespread use in folklore medicine, S. nigrum has not been extensively studied scientifically. Our research investigates the phytochemical contents and evaluates the antioxidant and antibacterial activities of S. nigrum’s berry, leaf, stem, and root extracts. The findings aim to substantiate the therapeutic potential of S. nigrum in managing infectious and chronic diseases, bridging the gap between traditional knowledge and scientific validation.



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