SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

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Hatha Yoga Pradipika – Swami Muktibodhananda Patanjala Yoga Sutra – Dr. P V Vartak Bhagwad Gita Website: http://www.yogamag.net/archives/2005/dapr05/orjap.shtml Tukaramgatha Website: http://www.poemhunter.com/sant-dnyaneshwar/biography/

Present article focuses primarily on biblical strategies to pursue peace. It describes meaning of peace according to Old and New Testament of Bible, facts about peace in Bible and finally ways to pursue peace mentioned in it. Meaning and philosophy behind peace in Old and New Testament is different but well correlated. Peace is proclaimed by God, it is fruit of spirit, it is imparted by Jesus, godly people live in peace but there is no peace to wicked, unity is product of peace and we have to take efforts to pursue peace. We receive peace only through Jesus Christ, His Holy Blood, trusting on Him, by interceding for others, by loving word of God i.e. Bible, surrendering ourselves to Holy Spirit, by righteousness, seeking wisdom and being steadfast in God.

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Chelladurai, E. D. (2009). 101 Bible Lessons. Authentic Books. Secunderabad. Definition of peace. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2016, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/peace Definition of peace. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2016, from https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/peace Goldstein, E. (1997, December 1). A Study on Biblical Concepts of Peace in the Old and New Testaments. Retrieved October 19, 2016, from https://jewsforjesus.org/newsletter-dec-1997/a-study-on-biblical-concepts-of-peace-in-the-old-and-new-testaments

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Adams, D. (2009). World Peace throughthe Town Hall. Self-published available at:http://www.cultureof.peace.info/books/worldpeace/introduction.html Boulding, E. (2000). Cultures of peace.The hidden side of history. New York: Syracuse University Press. pp. 89-106. Ezeoba, Kate Oge (2012). Strategies for Integrating Peace Education into Social Studies Curriculum for Junior Secondary (Basic 7-9) Schools in Nigeria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/afrrev.v6i3 Kester, K. (2008) Developing Peace Education Programs: Beyond Ethnocentrism and Violence. Available at http://www.wiscomp.org/pp-v1/kevin_kester.pdf Easwaran, E. (1978). Meditation (2nd ed.). USA: The Blue Mountain Centre of Meditation.

The definition of peace for every human is different. Everyone looks or tries to find out peace from varied zones. In today’s world we can see lot of things happening around us which bring negative energy. Due to which person’s inner peace shatters and a person may inculcate some unfruitful desires to attain the lost peace. But among all this the most effected zone is observed as youngsters. They are the immediate responders to any negative change around them. It is the responsibility of the society to help the coming generation develop their positive outlook. The youngsters can be from any strata of the society facing different problems but it is the responsibility of the society to help them identify some positive suitable ways which would take them to the path of progress and they can easily live a strong, healthy and happy life. But for that the youngsters must share their thoughts openly with their family and also understand the other moral values taught by their parents.

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http://economicsandpeace.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Global-Terrorism-Index-2015.pdf http://www.buildingpeace.org/think-global-conflict/issues/youth-and-peacebuilding http://unoy.org/ http://keystopeace.com/ http://www.international-alert.org/what-peace http://www.peacefulgenesee.com https://www.janetlanier.com/work/dream-of-peace-for-harp

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Banta, B. (1993). Peaceful Peoples: An Annotated Bibliography . (Metuchen, N.J: Scarecrow Press). [This book summarizes research studies on peaceful societies.] Bickmore, K. (2002). Good training is not enough: Research on peer mediation program implementation. Comenius, J. (1642/1969). A Reformation of Schools(S. Harlif, Trans.). Menston (Yorks): Scholar Press. [This book presents an approach to education that promotes universal knowledge in vernacular schools.]

“We can never obtain peace in the outer world until we make inner peace with ourselves.”                                                                          – His Holiness the Dalai Lama

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www.gkcoday.in>blogs >ethics-role-of… https:/selfstudyhistory.com>2015/09/1 http://www.researchpublish.com http://dspace.chitkara.edu.in/jspui/ http://unesdoc.uesco.org/

Peace in mind, peace in art

Peace in nature, peace in heart.

The soul is the supreme commander of peace which is known inner peace and the final destination of the life. The selfish world is in search of inner peace but to reach up to the inner peace there is need of Tapasya. Rishis and Maha rishis, pursuit inner peace. People wear different mask at different times. Some good and some bad in sake of satisfaction or peace. I don’t want you to stop wearing any one. I know it is too risky to expose your vulnerable self at times but I would definitely want you to unmask yourself. Why not for a short span get back to your origin strip, your emotions, feelings, thoughts and actions. And all could be possible through literature.There is need to discover and follow the inner peace. My question is how literature could be a part of inner peace. We know literature is the mirror of society. Literature could reach in the paradise, on the earth and in hell. Lord shiva got inner peace in the heaven, Ravana in the hell while lord Rama in the Prithvilok. All these stories highlighted through the literature. So literature plays very important role in search of inner peace.

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Google.com. inner peace - pictures

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http://operationmeditation.com/discover/steps-to-help-increase-emotional-intelligence/ http://innerpeacelife.com/emotional-intelligence/ https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=1887943722 http://www.todaystherapist.net/simplicity-emotional-intelligence/ http://knowledge.wharton.upenn.edu/article/googles-chade-meng-tan-wants-you-to-search-inside-yourself-for-inner-and-world-peace/ *The Art of Happiness: A Handbook for Living (Paperback) by The Dalai Lama, Howard C. Cutler

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M. Brindhamani and T. Manichander (2015). Peace and Value Education- Discovery Publishing House Pvt Ltd, New Delhi. Sadashiv Nimbalkar (2001). Yoga For Health and Peace (Fourth Edition), Mukund Bedekar, Mumbai Port Trust. Value Education (1999). Teacher’s Handbook. Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and High Secondary Education, Pune. Rao, U (2012). Education for Peace (First Edition), Himalaya Publishing, Mumbai.

Since time immemorial, the educational process debatably involves a mediated communication between teachers and learners to add sense or meaning making for both the stakeholders. The diagrams and various illustrations are the meaningful resource to mediate the educational journey. Diagrams can break out of the linear and systemic nature of printed text to show non-linear and systemic feature. In Science teaching and learning process, the use of diagrams is more relevant to make the representations of complex systems. Presently the pedagogy of Science is becoming modified from Linguistic methods to a mixed-visual methods supplemented with new techniques. Diagrams and diagramming are features of teaching and learning practices both as a means of Instruction and as a means of training learners in the use of diagrams that are features of many working and practicing teachers. There is also seemingly important need to make diagrams accessible and meaningful to students, quite contrary to the mechanical manner in which it is perceived and used by them. This paper discusses the Diagrams and their relevance in Science teaching and learning since they have different purposes and are required for understanding and communication.

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Abraham, T. (2003). “ From theory to data: Representing neurons in the 1940s”. Biology and Philosophy 3. Anderson, M.(1997). “ An Introduction to Diagrammatic Reasoning”. Retrieved on 21-12-2016 from www.academia.edu. Catley, K.M., Novic, L.R. and Shade, C.K.(2010). Interpreting evolutionary Diagrams: when topology and process conflict. J. Res. Sci.Teach. 47. Chang J-Y, Quintana C, Krajcik, J.S.(2010). The impact of designing and evaluating molecular animations on how well middle schools students understand the particulate nature of matter. Sci. Educ. 94.

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Researchers suggested that students with good metacognitive skills will be able to learn effectively. Thus, promoting metacognitive development in the classroom will help students to become efficient learners. This paper is an attempt to examine the effect of metacognitive skills on performance of students in the classroom. Many researchers believe that metacognitive skills holds great deal of promise for helping students do better. Metacognition becomes essential when tasks are more challenging.  Researchers found that metacognitive ability tends to associate positively with academic attainment of high school pupils. By practicing and applying metacognitive skills, students will become good readers, capable of handling any text across a curriculum. There is a lack of attention to this aspect by teachers in the classroom. Hence, the effort should be geared to encourage teachers to consider the \\\'metacognitive reflection\\\' activities in the classroom.

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Bigozzi, L & Vezzani, C. (2005). Role Of Individual Writing on Metacognitive Awareness in Scientific Concepts Learning.A study conducted by the Department of Psychology, University of Florence. Italy. Chisholm, J. M. (1999). The Effects of Metacognition, Critical Thinking, Gender, and Gender Role Identification on Academic Achievement in The Middle Years. A master degree thesis, Mount Saint Vincent University. Hailfax, Nova Scotia. Coutinho, S. A. (2006). A Model of Metacognition, Achievement Goal Orientation, Learning Style and Self Efficacy. An unpublished PhD thesis. Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University. Illinois.

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Andrew Selth, (2008), “Burma’s Coco Islands: rumours and realities in the Indian Ocean”, Southeast Asia’s Research Centre, City of University of Hong Kong. Gosh, P.K, (2004), “Maritime Security challenges in South Asia and the Indian Ocean: Response strategies”, Center for Strategic and International Studies, American- Pacific sea-lanes Security Institute, Honolulu Hawaii. Klein, N. (2010), “Australia, New Zealand and Maritime Security”, Natalie Klein, Joanna Massop and Donald R. Rothwell (eds.), Maritime Security: International Law and Policy Perspectives from Australia and New Zealand, Rutledge, New York.

All the teachers have the ability to teach but what is more important is the belief in their ability to teach. The present research study was undertaken to investigate self-efficacy of secondary school teachers and how it is influenced by gender, teaching experience and change proneness. Descriptive survey method was employed for the present investigation. Incidental sampling technique was used to select the sample of 1048 teachers from eight districts of Himachal Pradesh. Change Proneness Inventory by Dr. M. Mukhopadhhyay (2012)and self-developed teacher self-efficacy scale were used to collect data. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and two way analysis of variance. It was revealed that the male teachers were more self-efficacious as compared to female secondary school teachers. Change proneness was found to be a significant variable in influencing self-efficacy of secondary school teachers in a positive manner. None of the interactional effects was found to be significant.

Keywords: Self-Efficacy, Change Proneness.

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Arulsamy, S.(2008). An investigation into secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching. Research and Reflections on Education, 6 (3), 22-24. Jimison, Kanisha A. (2012). The impact of teachers’ self-efficacy on the academic achievement of students with emotional disturbance. Dissertation Abstracts International, 72 (8), 2007A. Kilimo. Judith S. (2014). Teachers’ attitudes and self-efficacy towards inclusion of pupils with disabilities in Tanzanian schools. Journal of Education and Training, 1, 2. Kemp, Cassandra Richardson (2002). Urban school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs and practices, innovation practices, and related factors in integrating technology. Dissertation Abstract International. 63 (2), 566 A.

The present investigation was undertaken to study the reflections of elementary school teachers regarding the functioning of School Management Committees (SMCs) in elementary schools of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. For conducting this investigation, survey method was employed and a total of 181 elementary teachers were selected from 60 schools situated in two tribal districts i.e. Kinnaur and Lahaul-Spiti of Himachal Pradesh. The data were gathered with the help of a self-developed questionnaire for elementary school teachers which contained both close-ended and open-ended items. The data were analyzed by employing frequency count and percentage analysis. It was pointed out by elementary school teachers that the SMC members are moderately aware about their role and responsibilities and was not much enthusiastic for participating in various school affairs. The SMCs in elementary schools of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh have been rated by teachers as moderately effective to less effective in terms of different educational aspects which has been explained in detail in this paper. In the last section of the paper, the findings have been discussed and recommendations have been made for improving the functioning of SMCs in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh.

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Banerjee, Abhijit; Banerjee, Rukmini; Duflo, Esther; Glennerster, Rachel & Khemani, Stuti (2007). Can information campaigns raise awareness and local participation in primary education? Economic and Political Weekly, April 14, 1365-72. Kernel, Teron (2012). A study of the functioning of SMCs in the Golaghat district of Assam: A research study. New Delhi: NUEPA. Narayana, M. and Chandrakant (2000). Functioning of VEC in Satara district of Maharashtra, A study in reference to adult education. Unpublished Dissertation, New Delhi: NUEPA. Nayak, P. M. (2009). Community participation in the universalisation of primary education. New Delhi: Academic Excellence Publishers and Distributors. Owusu, Benedict Osei., and Sam, Francis Kwame (2012). Assessing the role of school management committees (SMCs) in improving quality teaching in learning in Ashanti Mampong municipal basic schools. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Status, 3(5), 611-615.

 The present article attempts to explore the intricate nature of marital relationships in Deshpande’s novel, Strangers to Ourselves. Shashi Deshpande, the author of ten novels, two novellas, four books for children and a large number of short stories, has been writing about issues and problems of middle-class Indian women caught in the trap of Indian patriarchy. She has a comprehensive understanding of the grass-root reality and women’s place and position, sorrows and sufferings, plight and predicament, pain and agony in a male-centric Indian society. Her women protagonists, by and large, find themselves to be the victims of unjust customs, conventions and traditions which are in favour of men. Unable to bear restrictions and compulsions imposed on them in the name of gender-discrimination in their parental homes, they use marriage as an escape route, but unfortunately, in most cases, marriage becomes a trap for them. They are humiliated, tortured and exploited in one way or the other. They face physical violence in the form of unwanted marital-sex, almost a rape and mental torture. Her novels move around marital relationships which are marred by the evils such as male pride, ego and domination, patriarchal attitude to women, lack of understanding and communication.

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Beauvoir, Simone de. The Second Sex. (1972). H. M. Parshley. (Trans. and ed.). New Delhi; Penguin Books Ltd. Deshpande, Shashi. Roots and Shadows. (1983). New Delhi; Orient Longman Ltd. Deshpande, Shashi. (2015). Strangers to Ourselves. Noida; HarperCollins Publishers. Vishwanatha, Vanamala. (1987). An Interview. ‘Literature Alive’. December.

The Chinese economy rose at a violent pace for the past three decades, assisting China to build enormous cash reserves that is now playing an acute role in influencing India\\\'s markets. Chinese made goods have occupied almost all the sectors of Indian market and appear to be conveying harder times for the Indian industry. Because of varied availability of inexpensive and seemingly technologically advanced China made goods, many economists fear weakening of local manufacturing divisions or the small-scale industry in India.  China procured the world by storm through its low-cost manufactured products. Foreign markets swamped with China made goods are evidence to that. The present study includes the analysis of made in china products, its impacts on Indians, deciding whether it is a threat to Indians or not, objectives of possible threats, assumed hypothesis in this direction, corresponding results and discussion, finding, recommendations and scope of further research in this direction.

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Amol Khandagale, Meet Shah, "A Study on Retailers Preference towards Chinese Toys over Indian Toys in Pune City", JOURNAL OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMICS, April 2015. Garver, J., 2002. Asymmetrical Indian and Chinese threat perceptions. Journal of Strategic Studies, 25(4), p.109-134 Qureshi, M.S. & Wan, G., 2008. Trade expansion of China and India: Threat or opportunity? In World Economy. pp. 1327-1350.

 

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Content cum Methodology- Dr. G.H Suryavanshi. Teaching of English Content cum Methodology. Dr. Prabhakar Choudhari. For Diploma in Education (D.Ed.) second year. Third Language English - Umesh Pradhan and R.A. Kumbhar Diploma in Teacher Education - (Second Year) Tusharika Bapat. English Education- Yashwantrao Chavan Open University

Serious green takes on a whole new meaning when you do business on the golf course. Golf isn\\\'t merely a leisure sport. It\\\'s the martini lunch of the modern workforce; the buoyant venue where business gets done. A lot of the modern leaders have accepted and promote the game of golf as a way to move forward in the professional world. This rising importance makes one think. Why golf? What is it that makes golf such a favourite? What can one learn from golf that when applied to life and business, can provide a step up? This paper aims at identifying the key lessons that can be learned and borrowed from the game.

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Burger?, J. H. (2011 , January 23). 14 Business lessons from Golf. Guideline Research and Conculting. (2002). From the boardroom to the back 9. Harris, J. (2014, September 3). 6 Reasons why golf is good for business . Jones, E. E., & Harris, V. A. (1967). The attribution of attitudes. . Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 1–24.

A study is conducted on political attitudes of secondary grade school teachers of government and privately managed schools in Ranga Reddy district.  For the present study a sample of 150 teachers is taken.  Among them 75 teachers are from government i.e.  Zilla Parishad High School teachers and 75 teachers are from privately managed schools.. The study revealed that there is no significant difference among secondary grade school teachers of Ranga Reddy district belonging to government and private managements in the political attitudes

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Almond and Verba, The civic culture, New Jersey, Princeton University Press, Princeton 1963, P.13) Pye.Lucian, W, political culture, International Encyclopedia of social science. David L. Sill (Pye Lucian) Vol. 12 Macmillan Co. The Free Press 1979, PP 218-219 (Gabriel Almond and Gabriel Abraham 1963, civic culture 1963). Almond Gabriel A and Verba Sidney, Princeton University Press 1963 PP vi 562) (Shoda Ganga) shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in/bitstream/10603/37472/5/05_chapter (Almond GA and Powell GB: Comparative politics- A developmental approach, little Brown, Bostan , 1966 PP.50)

Education system must respond to the changing needs of students and their teachers, just as business has reacted to its changing needs implementing employee training. Technological innovations are increasing the demand for altering the mode of transaction in the teaching and learning process and that in turn develop a significant impact on technology use expectations. It is the need of the hour that emerging technology of e-learning must be adopted in the teacher education curriculum of all universities in India. Online learning play a major role in the success of any academic program and can provide an environment where virtual learning classrooms are use to create interactive interfaces and real time software can monitor every response made by the learner. E-learning would incorporate all educational activities that are cratered out by individuals or groups working online or offline and synchronously or asynchronously via networked or standalone computers and other electronic devices. The present study has been done so as to study the attitude of prospective teacher educators towards e-learning. Random sampling technique has been used in the selection of the sample of as many as 200 prospective teacher educators. The e-learning scale for measuring the attitude towards e-leanring has been constructed and validated by Prakash, S. The scale is in the form of a Likert type and has been distributed to them and their responses were collected and computed according to the objectives framed. The findings of the study revealed that the prospective teacher educators showed a significantly favourable attitude towards e-learning..
Key words: Attitude, e-learning, web-based learning, Digital divide, digital world, Virtual classroom 

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Ahmad, Nighat (20040. E-readiness in Education. University News, 42 (13), 12-19. Ahmad, B. (2009). Electronic Information Resources and Services in Agriculture. A Study. University News, 47 (27), 1-9. Allen, L. Edward (1957). Techniques of attitude scale construction, Appleton-century Crafts, Inc., New York. Best, John, W (2010). Research in Education, Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Davis, J (2002). E-learning in U.K. higher education, AUA USA/Canada Study visit 2002, http://avavisit.open.ac.UK/themes.

Index Word: Photography, visual communication, Communities culture, Visual Art Education

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http://scholarworks.gsu.edu/art_design_theses/ http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/wcf/wcf0013.html Trachtenberg, A. (Ed.). (1980). Classic essays on photography. New Haven: Leete’s Island Books,Inc. Vega, P. (2011). An abundance of images: Is it leading to “Trivialization of Photography? Nieman Reports, 65(1), 78--?81. Szto, P. (2008). Documentary photography in American social welfare history: 1897 1943. Journal Of Sociology & Social Welfare, 35(2), 91--?110. http://www.jstor.org/stable/1575238 http://core.ac.uk/display/23979290

Service industry is becoming very vast and big and hospitality industry earns the most amongst all service sectors. The Hospitality industry offers a huge potential for Social CRM. The Hospitality industry thrives on two basic factors- Segmentation & Uniqueness. Apart from the regular promises of customer satisfaction, it is the Identity or rather the personality of the hotel that really matters. And not to forget the Stand-out factor, that every hotel has on offering, as compared to its competitors. All these factors contribute towards the building of trust and customer loyalty, and eventually prolonged profitability. Customer relationship management (CRM) has a growing popularity and is becoming one of the hottest academic and practical topics in the business field. In fact, due to the competitive environment, CRM is crucial and has become a niche for firm performance. Southern Rajasthan covers many well renowned hotels which bears importance at international level too. However, there is limited research that reveals the relationship between demographic variables and CRM practices followed by the hotels of Southern Rajasthan .This study is an attempt to excogitate the importance of CRM in hotels of Southern Rajasthan with regards to the opinion of hotel managers.

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Abdullateef, A.O., Mokhtar, S.S., Yusoff, R.Z. (2010), The impact of CRM Dimensions on Call Center Performance. International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, 10(12), 184-195. Akroush, N.M., Dahiyat, E.S., Gharaibeh, S.H., Abu-Lail, N.B. (2011), Customer relationship management implementation.An investigation of a scale’s generalizability and its relationship with business performance in a developing country context. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 21(2), 158-191. Arman, S. (2014).Integrated Model of Social Media and Customer Relationship Management: A Literature Review, International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 6(3), 118-130. Chang, W., Park, E.J., Chaiy, S. (2010), How does CRM technology transform into organizational performance? A mediating role of marketing capability. Journal of Business Research, 63, 849-855.

Life is based on one’s own philosophy and those which we follow from our great philosophers and educators  to improve our society and education system. Scientific thinking gives answers to many questions but it cannot bring humanity in the minds of people. For this we should realize the needs of every individual and give our best efforts to lead a satisfactory life and face the practical situation with a positive outlook. The narrowness in our thinking should be transformed into creative thoughts along with the inspirations taken from the great philosophers so that the higher education becomes a right to all and everyone aspires for it. Also the facilities provided should be to make each one a better human being. The present paper has been produced by taking into consideration the trends existing in present higher education and the philosophical approaches that have been implemented with its impact on students. The ideas of students have been collected to find out the suitability of the components of the present higher education. This can bring about a revolution by bringing changes in the narrow and rigid thoughts existing since ages and providing better outputs in education to make society a peaceful dwelling place. 

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Astin , A.W. (1993). What matters in college?: Four critical years revisited. https://www.researchgate.net Gallagher, S. (2000).Philosophical conceptions of the self: implications for cognitive science. Trends in cognitive sciences , New York: Elsevier Inc. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1364-6613(99)01417- Musholt, K. (2015). Transition from implicit to explicit self-consciousness. Thinking about Oneself: From Nonconceptual Content to the Concept of a Self, Cambridge: MIT Press. Sharma, G.Ranjit (2003). Trends In Contemporary Indian Philosophy Of Education A Critical Evaluation, New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers.

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Mark Hoelzel (2015).Women dominate most of social media, but men are more active on these two networks: http://www.businessinsider.in/Women-dominate-most- of-social-media-but-men-are-more-active-on-these-two-networks/articleshow/48471044.cms. Catherine Clifford (2014). Women dominate every social media network. www.enterpreneur.com Ross, C., Orr, E. S., Sisic, M., Arseneault, J. M., Simmering, M. G., & Orr, R. R. (2009). Personality and motivations associated with Facebook use. Computers in Human Behavior, 25, 578-586. Eric Zavinski (2015) "why do we use facebook" https://www.theodysseyonline.com/why-do-we-use-facebook Experian, H. (2011). Retrieved from Top 20 websites: http://www.hitwise.com/us/ Facebook. (2010). Facebook factsheet. Retrieved from http://www.facebook.com/press/info.php?factsheet Megan Garber (2012) ‘why do people use facebook’. http://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2013/04/why-do-people-use-facebook/274721 Michael. et. al (2013) . Development and validation of a social media use integration scale. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/263916080_Development_and_validation_of_a_social_media_use_integration_scale Murray, K. E., & Waller, R. (2007). Social networking goes abroad. International Educator, 16(3), 56–59.

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Puricelli, F (2011). "Early Twentieth Century Transportation Technology And The Creation Of Modern American Culture". Rückriem, F (2009). Digital technology and mediation: A challenge to activity theory. Learning and expanding with activity theory'. Katz, M (2011). Capturing Sound: How Technology Has Changed Music. Hendery, S (2009). "Great gadget, stratospheric price". Cantoria, C.S. and Malburg, s. (2010). A Brief History of Technology and its Impact on Natural Environment retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/environment/science-environmental/articles/61319.aspx on March 15, 2015 Gupta, M. Effects of Technology retrieved from http://www.civilserviceindia.com/subject/Essay/effects-of-technology.html on March 15, 2015

In the present study, the investigator attempts to find out the significant difference, if any, between the male and female senior secondary students on their internet usage. For this purpose 400 senior secondary students of Haryana were taken as a sample using multistage random sampling. Amount of time spent on the Internet during a week was self reported by the respondents. The findings of the study revealed that male students spend more time on internet surfing than female students.

Keywords: Internet Usage, Senior Secondary Students, Gender

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Kraut, R., Patterson, M., Lundmark, V., Kiesler, S., Mukopadhyay, T. &Scherlis, W. (1998). Internet paradox: A social technology that reduces social involvement and psychological well-being? American Psychologist, 53, 1017-1031. Krol, Ed (1995). The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog. Sebastopol, CA: O'Reilly Lajwanti and Atm Prakash Sharma (2013) Effect of Internet Use on study habits and adjustment of higher secondary students, International Journal of Educational Research and Technology, IJERT: Volume 4 [1] March 52 -59.

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