An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Sep-Oct,2016, vol-4/26

Impact Factor: 5.403

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2016-11-04

SEPT- OCT, 2016 SRJIS

DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN SATELLITE TOWNS AROUND NAIROBI CITY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MLOLONGO AND RUIRU IN KENYA

Wallace Mochu & Gerryshom Munala

Page No.: 2659 - 2677

Management of domestic wastewater has a direct impact on the environmental health of urban dwellers and the general physical condition of an urban settlement. This paper analyses domestic wastewater management in Mlolongo and Ruiru towns in Kenya. The methodology applied for the study was by survey through observation of wastewater systems in the neighbourhood, and interviews of home owners and tenants, and selected key County Government informants. The study revealed Mlolongo relied entirely on decentralized systems while Ruiru had a hybrid system consisting of pockets with centralized system but the larger areas relying on decentralized systems. The study revealed that 98% of the residents in Mlolongo rely on septic tanks, conservancy pits, and pit latrines while 48% of residents in Ruiru depend on septic tanks and communal toilets for their domestic wastewater management. The domestic wastewater systems were rated to be very poor by over 50% of the residentswith little or no participation by the residents in their management. The study demonstrated that the decentralized wastewater systems covered the entire satellite towns under study. 68% of residents in Mlolongo and 48% of the residents in Ruiru share their wastewater collection facilities with more than 15 persons. On sustainability, the study revealed low score from managerial, organizational, environmental, planning, and financial perspective. A sustainable model of managing domestic wastewater in satellite towns has been developed that aims at recognizing the need of recovering resources from the domestic wastewater while minimizing the user costs.

Keywords: decentralized management, domestic wastewater, Mlolongo, Ruiru, satellite towns 
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Ashiembi, P (2013). Factors influencing wastewater management and re-use in peri-urban areas in Kenya: A case of Ongata Rongai. Master Thesis. University of Nairobi, School of continuing and distance education De Gisi S., Pelta L., Wendland, C. (2014). History and technology of Terra Preta sanitation. Sustainability 6: 1328-1345 Dobsevage, S et al (2006) Meeting basic needs in a rapidly urbanizing community: A water, sanitation and solid waste assessment in Ruiru, Kenya. New York, School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University Drechsel, P& Evans, A (2010). Issue 4, Wastewater use in agriculture: Not only an issue where water is scarce, International Water Management Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka. www.iwmi.org accessed on 23/04/2016
A STUDY ON EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHER TRAINEES

Bijendra Kumar

Page No.: 2678 - 2683

The main objectives of the study is to find out the level of Emotional Intelligence of Primary School Teacher Trainees and to see the difference among the trainees with respect to sex and annual income. The investigator has adopted the survey method. The tool developed by Bijendra was used to find out the Emotional Intelligence of Primary School Teacher Trainees. Percentage Analysis,‘t’ test, ANOVA and Chi-square analysis were employed for analysis of data. The major findings were that 24.4% of Primary School Teacher Trainees have high level of Emotional Intelligence and there is significant association between the annual income of Primary School Teacher Trainees and their Self-awareness, the dimension of Emotional Intelligence. 
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Aggarwal (2000) Statistical Method, Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi Kothari (1990) Research Methodology Methods and Techniques, Wiley Eastern Limited,New Delhi Daniel Goleman (1996) Emotional Intelligence, Bloomsbury Publishers, London Anthony Robbins (2001) Awaken the Giant Within, Harpercollins Publishers Daniel Goleman (2004) Working with Emotional Intelligence, Penguin Books India Pvt. Ltd
A STUDY OF SELF-CONCEPT OF PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN RELATIONTO THEIR PROFESSIONAL SATISFACTION

Bijendra Kumar

Page No.: 2684 - 2691

The profession of teaching was viewed as a labour of love. However, image of the teachers now is not glorious with increasing industrialization, urbanization and societal upliftment from the modification required in all major institutions of society, Educational institutions cannot be exempted.


Keywords: Self-Concept, Primary School Teachers, Professional Satisfaction.

  
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Amudharani, R. (1990) A Comparative Study of the B.Sc. and M.Sc. Physics Curriculum of Affiliated and Autonomous Colleges. M.Phil., Edu. Madurai Kamaraj University. Annual Reports (2002 – 2009), Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, New Delhi. 3.Behera, S. K. (1991) A Study of the Institutional Costs of University Education. M.Phil., Edu. Ravenshaw College, Cuttack. Blum, M. L. and Naylor, J. C. (1968) Industrial Psychology and its Social Foundations. Harper and Row, New York. 5.Buam, B.H.P. (1989) A Study on the Reactions of Students, Teachers and Administrators towards the Changes made at the Collegiate level in Meghalaya. M.Phil., Edu. North-Eastern Hill University. 6. Freeman, F. S. (1965) Theory and Practice of Psychological Testing. A Text Book Oxford and IBH Publishing House Co., New Delhi, p. 37, 91. GOI (1986) National Policy on Education (1986), New Delhi : MHRD. Government of India (2010) The Foreign Educational Institutional (Regulation of Entry and Operations) Bill No. 57 of 2010. Guilford, J.P. (1954) Psychometric Methods. Tata McGraw–Hill Publishing Company, Faridabad, India. 10.Gutman, L. (1947) A Basis for Scaling of Quantitative Data. American Social Review, 9, pp. 130-150 Hans, G. and Vadhyar, R. (1988) National Service Scheme Volunteers as
A STUDY OF PRESENT STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS DIMENSIONALLY AMONGSCHOOL TEACHERS

Khan Tanveer Habeeb

Page No.: 2692 - 2698

 It is urgent need that,we as responsible citizen should diffuse the environmental pollution time bomb.It is the responsibility of each and every individual to take the responsibility to save the Environment.For sustaining and maintaining the environmental balance, the role of teachers also plays a very vital role .This study is an attempt to find out the awareness of environment among school teachers. The survey method is used for the collection of the data and a sample of 100 school teachers were selected by using Random sampling technique, the findings showed that the teachers possess good environmental awarenesslevel.

 

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Anita Singh, Sony Kumari and Jaspal Singh (2014).A Comparative Study of Environmental Awareness among Secondary School Teachers in Bareilly District U.P., India Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology eISSN 2249 0256 2014 Volume 4, Issue 1: 60-64. J. Arunkumar (2012).A Study on Assessment of Environmental Awareness Among Teacher Trainees In Teacher Training Institutes International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, Volume 2, Issue 3 ISSN: 2249-2496. J. S. Dhillon and V. Sandhu (2005) Environmental Education Awareness among Elementary School Teachers? Perspectives in Education, 21(2) 117-122. Khan, S. H. (2013).A Study of Attitude Towards Environmental Awareness In Relation to CertainVariablesAmong Senior Secondary School Students. Global J. Res. Analysis, 2(4): 42-44.
MANDATORY CSR SPENDING- A NEW SOURCE FOR TRANSFORMING RURAL INDIA

Mr. Shingade B.N. & Wakchaure R.N.

Page No.: 2699 - 2707

 The emerging concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) goes beyond charity and requires the companies to act beyond its legal obligations and to integrate social, environmental and ethical concerns into company’s business process. The concept of CSR demands businesses to operate transparently and responsibly with the considerations of its stakeholders and the community at the forefront, beyond what is legally required to them. India is the first country in the world making CSR mandatory by law. Govt. and Regulators have responded to the National Voluntary Guidelines for Social, Environmental and Economic Responsibilities of business. Supporting to this the CSR clause   within the companies Act 2013 is introduced. According to Indian Institute of Corporate Affairs (IICA) more than 6000 Indian companies will be required to undertake the CSR projects in order to comply with the provisions in the Act. Further some estimates also indicate that CSR commitments from companies in India can amount to more than 20,000 Crore INR, following at least 15-20% growth every year as per growth of business sector. If only 50% amount of this huge spending by corporates is diverted to rural India, no doubt in coming ten years the face of Rural India will be defiantly changed. Considering CSR activities listed in schedule VII of the new Companies Act 2013, a big part of CSR spending will now automatically be diverted to rural areas, which will be useful not only for upgrading overall rural infrastructure but also for improving the living standard of rural peoples.

Key words: CSR Spending, Companies Act 2013, Clause 135, Schedule VII, Rural India etc.

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Ajaz Ali (1992) - Philanthropy, CSR & Economic Growth- Saudi Gazette. Bhattacharya & Sen (2011) - Leveraging CSR: A Stakeholder Rout to Business & Social Values. Carole B. (2000) - The Four Faces of Corporate Citizenship. D. George, Rechard T. (2011) - Business Ethics. D. Wood (1991)- Corporate Social Performance Revised. Gopalkant & Parvesh Chopra (2010) - CSR in Global Economy. Manfred Pohl & Nick Tolhurst, (2010)-Responsible Business- How to Manage a CSR Strategy Successfully. Molly Painter & Rene T. Bos- ed(2012)- Business Ethics and Continental Philosophy, South Asian Edition. Brutlant Commission Report(1987) www.businessstandard.com www.pwc.in www.mca.gov.iin www.icca.in www.mondaq.com www.omnex.com www.unido.org www.wbcs.org www.kpmg.com
THE OCCURRENCES OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE IN THE CITY OF PUNE – A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Parul Parihar & B.T.Lawani

Page No.: 2706 - 2724

 The public acceptance towards domestic violence against women reveals the underlying traditional beliefs that support gender discrimination in India. Traditional beliefs alone, however, are not the sole cause of female disempowerment in India. On an individual basis, lack of social support (e.g.; access to family), legal authority (e.g.; inheritance laws), and physical intimidation, can all limit a woman’s empowerment- including her autonomy, decision making, health, ability to question her position, and confidence to confront domestic violence. India’s gender inequality ensures that violence against women in the home is generally unchallenged whilst, this domestic violence itself is an impediment to female empowerment. The present study reveals the corresponding causes and other social and cultural factors facilitating this gruesome crime in our country with a statistically tested sample study carried over using the basic tools and sociological methodology. The basic aim is to understand the personality vs. social criteria in evaluating the varied dimensions of domestic violence against women in a post modern society.
Keywords: Domestic Violence, Intimidation, Disempowerment, Gender, Inequality.
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(2003) “Laws against Domestic Violence and abuse”, Manushi, 137, viewed 19 July 2006 http://www.indiatogether.org/manishu/issue137/laws.htm Anderson, Kristin L; (1997) “Gender, Status and Domestc Violence: An Integration of Feminist and Family Violence Approaches”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 59, pp- 655-669. Atal, Yogesh and Kosambi, Meera (eds.) (1993); Violence against Women: Reports from India and the Republic of Korea, (Bangkok: UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific). Dobash, R.E; and Dobash, R. (1979); Violence against Wives, (New York), cited in Gelles, Richard J. (1985) “ Family Violence”, Annual Review of Sociology, 11, pp- 360. Gelles, Richard J. (1985); “Family Violence”, Annual Review of Sociology, 11, pp- 347-367. Goode, W (1971); “Force and Violence in the Family”, Journal of Marriage and the Family, 33, pp-624-636. Government of India (2000) Crime in India, (New Delhi: National Crime Records Bureau). Abraham, Margaret (2002); “Speaking the Unspeakable: Marital Violence against South Asian Women”, NJ, New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. Raphael, Jody (2000); “Saving Bernice: Battered Women, Welfare and Poverty”, Northeastern University Press.
GROUNDED THEORY DESIGN A NEW APPROACH OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Kasture Padmaja B.

Page No.: 2725 - 2729

The Basic idea of the grounded theory approach is to read a textual database and discover or label variables (called categories, concepts and properties) and their interrelationships. Data could be observations of behavior, such as interactions and events. A Grounded theory design is a systematic, qualitative procedure used to generate a theory that explains, at a broad conceptual level, a process, an action, or an interaction about a substantive topic. This design was developed by sociologists Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in the late 1960s. We use grounded theory when we need a broad theory or explanation of a process. Grounded theory generates a theory when existing theories do not address our problem or the participants that we plan to study. 
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Creswell, J. W (2008).Educational Research-planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative research. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River. Creswell, J. W (2011).Educational Research-planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative research. New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited. http://www.groundedtheoryonline.com/what-is-grounded-theory www.slideshare.net/SehribanBugday/grounded-theory-11487784
CRITICAL CONTEMPLATION AND CREATION IN THE SELECTED WILLIAM WORDSWORTH AND SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE’S WORKS

Jayshree Singh

Page No.: 2730 - 2743

 The study in this research paper attempts to elaborate the literary theories of the two eighteenth century romantic age poets William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The study will deal the poetic works of both the poets in order to understand their theories of poetic imagination, process and creation. It aims to discuss critically their sensibility towards the ordinary experiences derived from society, humanity and nature. It explores their power of balancing the poetic pleasure and creative process in terms of moral conceptions of the society and basic forms of life.


Keywords: Poetic Imagination, Humanity, Nature, Poetic pleasure, Creative process

 

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Wordsworth, William. Michael – A Pastoral Poem. English Poetry II: From Collins to Fitzgerald. The Harvard Classics 1909 –14. New York: P.F.Collier & Son, 1909-1917. New York: Bartleby.com, 2001. Web. Wordsworth, William. The Prelude - Book First. London: Macmillan, 1888. New York: Bartlelby.com, 1999. Print. Wordsworth, William. The Solitary Reaper. http://poemhunter.com/poem/the-solitary-reaper/. Web. O’Connell, M. Anita. Kubla Khan: The Waking Dream. http://friendsofcoleridge.com/MembersOnly/CB24/04%20CB%2024%20O%27Connell.pdf. Web.
A TO Z SOCIAL MEDIA MARKETING CONCEPTS THAT DRIVES BUSINESS GROWTH

Riddhi Jhalani

Page No.: 2744 - 2757

The blistering growth of internet technology has drawn corporate attention towards social media marketing all around the globe. Accompanying this growth of social media marketing gives a new opportunity to take a lead of promotion, branding and communication.SMM has started influencing the way individuals and business enterprise communicate. It has become reality that more individuals and business enterprise are engaging the social media marketing sites (Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, etc.) for promotion and communication. Today Businesses and individuals are motivated towards this section. In recent times many studies have been conducted to analyze the applicability of social media and M-commerce in the world of advertising for business. In this paper, I report on A to Z (Alphabets) concept of social media marketing, this is significant because individuals and business enterprise can communicate instantly as Communicative marketing is very important in establishing long-term relationships with clients and customers. Social media marketing is a great way to generate leads. The paper should be of interest to readers in the areas of Marketing, Entrepreneurship and for Manager. 
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Steven Lacks on June 5, 2013 “Optimizing Social Media and Direct Marketing for Business to Business sales” Authority labs http://authoritylabs.com/blog/optimizing-social-media-and-direct-marketing-for-business-to-business-sales/ Kotler, P., Keller, K., Koshy, A. & Jha, M. 13th Edition. (2009). Marketing Management: A South Asian Perspective. Pearson Education, Inc http://mikedelanegreen.wordpress.com/2013/03/26/neuromarketing-in-social-media/ http://www.businessnewsdaily.com/7206-linkedin-marketing business.html#sthash.G1kul3AD.dpuf Fairbank Victoria (2008) “A Study into the Effectiveness of Viral Marketing over the Internet”, University of Gloucestershire
LEGAL LITERACY GROWING NEED OF THE SOCIETY

Shalini Sharma

Page No.: 2758 - 2762

  Law of the land are made for the growth and benefit of the society. They are made to protect and preserve the human rights of all individuals. Laws are made for better governance of the country and it becomes imperative for the people of the country to become aware of the existing laws. Every nation is governed by a system of laws for the growth and overall development of the society. It is a system of rules and regulations which are found in judicial interpretations, constitutional and legislative enactments, made by the competent authority so as to govern society and to influence behaviour of the individuals therein in the righteous manner. It is a powerful concept and also a mechanism of social control and law and order in the society. The present paper aims to throw light on the importance of legal literacy for the overall growth and development of the nation.


Keywords: Legal literacy, Law, Society

 

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_awareness http://hslsa.nic.in/ll.htm National Legal Service Authority, : ( http://.gov.in/ MARG - Justice through Legal Empowerment, Section on Governance http://www.ngo-marg.org/governance,
THE UTILITY OF NOTE-MAKING –A STUDY

N. Samuel Babu

Page No.: 2763 - 2768

Note-making is one of the most important writing skills which any adult learner needs at the college level. The present investigation was to delineate the perceptions of teachers of English in imbibing the strategies of note-making. A self-made questionnaire was administered on thirty-two lecturers teaching English drawn from Government funded institutions of Hyderabad District in Telangana State. The results indicated that the sample had positive perceptions on the utility of making notes and could impart effective note-making strategies among the entry level students.  Implications as well as suggestions for future research were portrayed.

Key words: Note-taking; Note-making; salient points; passive process; active process; linear and non-linear. 
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usefulness of partial notes in mathematics courses. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 80 – 92. Kiewra, K. A. (1989). A review of note-taking: The encoding-storage paradigm and beyond. Educational Psychology Review, 1(2), 147–172. Kobayashi, K. (2005). What limits the encoding effect of note-taking? A meta-analytic examination. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 30 , 242-262. Krishna Mohan and Meenakshi Raman (2010) Advanced Communicative English. Tata McGraw Hill education Pvt.Limited,New Delhi.pp.162-167.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RADIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES IN CASES OF NUTRITIONAL RICKETS IN INDIAN CHILDREN

Komalchand gajbhiye & Binoti sheth

Page No.: 2769 - 2779

 Introduction: Rickets is one of the commonest metabolic disorder of growingchildren. In more than 90%,etiology is Nutritional. Disease prevalence is about 50%-90% in developing country like India (16). Commonest complaint that brings the child to orthopedic OPD isthe deformity of lower limbs and wrist swelling. In this study we have analysed the various radiological and biochemical parameters and found out the relationship between these parameters.

Materials and methods: Thirty children with age less than ten years, who were showing signs of nutritional rickets were investigated radiologically andbiochemically. The diagnosed cases of nutritional rickets were followed up overa period of six months. The investigations were repeated at 3weeks, 6weeks, 3months and 6 months.

Results: Using students‘t’ test and chi square test,Serum alkaline phosphatase wasfound to be most important biochemical variables that statistically correlated with active and healing rickets while cupping was found the most reliable sign of active disease.

Conclusion: Radiological and Biochemical investigations correlate well with radiological parameters in case of nutritional rickets. Serum alkaline phosphatase is most useful in diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Keywords: Nutritional rickets, rachitic rosary, vitamin D.

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Brickley, M. and R. Ives, 2008, The Bioarchaeology of Metabolic Bone Disease, Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 2nd edition, pp. 75-134. Holick, M.F., 2003, Vitamin D: a Millennium Perspective, in: Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 88: 296-307. Brickley, M., S. Mays and R. Ives, 2010, Evaluation and Interpretation of Residual Rickets Deformities in Adults, in: International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 20: 54-66. Trueta J, Morgan JD (1960): The vascular contribution to osteogenesis. I. Studies by the injection method. J Bone Joint Surg 42-B:97–109. Salenius P, Vankka E (1975): The development of the tibiofemoral angle in children. J Bone Joint Surg 57-A: 259–261.
EVALUATION OF EFFECT OF DISEASES ON BETELVINE YIELD

Bharat V. Patil

Page No.: 2780 - 2786

At present, there is no central institute exclusive engaged in betelvine research. In 1981, the All India co-ordinated Research Project on Betelvine was carried out in nine centers located in eight agricultural universities and National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow. The head quarter of the Project is located at the Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore. In the village area of Kasbe Digraj, nearby eight kilometers from Sangli city, the agricultural research centre, the All India Co-cordinated Research Project on Betel vine was running. But the All India Co-cordinated Research Project on Betel vine at Kasbe Digraj is also closed during last three years. Betelvine grew under good supply of soil moisture humidity. It grew vigorously in areas where a required rainfall was assured. Betelvine was grown in open but conservative wind supply. The betelvine was grown strongly and healthy in the natural environment. Betelvine cultivation needed shade and support by planting quick and rapid growing trees such as shevari Sesbania aegyptiaces poir, Pangara  Enythrina India lam mulberry morus alba linn. and Drumstick Moringa oleifera lam. In the paper attempt was made to study the disease management practices of betel vine in the selected research area and analyses the loss of yield of betelvine due to different diseases

Key Words: Betelvine diseases and disease management

  

 

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Nakat R. V., “Influence of Nitrogen Fertilization to Betelvine on Population Development of Tetranychus Neocaledonicus Andre.” Mahatma Phule Krishi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri Nakat R. V., Acharya A., Sudha D. V., and others “Evaluation of The Efficacy of Paecilomyes Lilancinus in the control of Root-Knot Nematode (Maloidogvne Incognite) on Betelvine” Nakat R. V., Khaire V. M. and Dethe M. D., “Management of Red Vegetable Mite (Tetranychus neocaledonicus) Andre Infesting Betelvine Crop in India.” MPKV, Rahuri Madane N. P. – Nakat R. V., Research Papers “Betelvine Cultivation in Maharashtra”, National Symposium on Betelvine Production Technology, 1993: 3-6 Natrajan S. V. and Nagalakshmi S. “Betelvine cultivation in Tamil Nadu”, National Symposium on Betelvine Production Technology, 1993 : 26-27 Nakat Ramesh Vishwanath, Ecobilogy and Management of Red Vegetable Mite, Tefranychus Neocaledonicus Andre’ on Betelvine, unpublished Ph.D. thesis submitted to Mahatma Phule Krushi Vidyapeeth, Rahuri, 1997
E-RESOURCES FOR TEACHER

Prakash jagtap

Page No.: 2787 - 2789

 
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Starky L (2012) Teaching and learning in the Digital age,Routledge publication Newyork. Kumar K.L (2001) Educational technology new age International publication New Delhi Nankar P.Shirode S (2009) Current trends in education Nitya Nutan Prakashan Pune.
VALUE ORIENTATION AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR SCHOOL CLIMATE

Mona Vij

Page No.: 2791 - 2802

 Value education is important in education system. The value based education has become must in the changing society. Value based education inculcate compassion and integrity in a student is must for nurturing responsible citizens of tomorrow. In recent years, interest among researchers in the study of values and their relation to the school climate is gaining importance. It was intended through the present investigation to study the value orientation among secondary school students of District Nawanshahr in relation to their school climate. Based on a survey, the sample constituted to the 200 secondary school students. The data was analysed using statistical technique Analysis of variance (one-way) and Scheffe’s Post Hoc. The result indicated that there is no significant difference in the Theoretical values (VA), Aesthetic values (VC), Political values (VY) and Religious values (VZ) of secondary school students in relation to their school climate. But Economic values (VB) and Social values (VX) of secondary school students in relation to their school climate differ significantly.

 

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Aggarwal, T.K.(1992).A study of values of adolescent pupils in relation to intelligence, creativity, sex and socio- economic status. Unpublised Ph.D Education Thesis, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar. Curry, C.(2009). Correlation of Emotional Intelligence of school leaders to perception of school climate as perceived by teachers. Indian University of Pennsylvania.Retrievedfrom:http://dspace.iup.edu/bitstream/handle/2069/214/Cosmas+Curry+Corrected+12- 2..?Sequence=1. Devi, S. and Mayuri, K.(2003).The effects of family and School on the Academic achievements of Residential School Children. Journal of Community Guidance and Research20 (2) (pp.139-149). Retrieved from: http://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jhss/Papers/Vol5-issue4/G0544856.pdf.
JOB SATISFACTION AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY TEACHERS

C. Ashok Kumar & K.K. Rajendran

Page No.: 2803 - 2813

Job satisfaction is the result of various attitudes, which the employees hold towards their job, towards related factors and towards life in general. Also, the term job satisfaction describes how pleased an employee is with his/her position of employment. There are a variety of factors that could influence an employee\'s level of job satisfaction; some of these factors include the level of compensation and benefits, the use of equitable promotion systems, the overall working conditions, the style of management and the type of position itself including the tasks involved and the challenges the respective position generates.It refers to general attitude in three areas namely specific job factors, individual adjustment and group relationship outside the job. Likewise, the term has been explained by many psychologists in different ways. In the present study, job satisfaction is defined as a pleasant and positive attitude possessed by a teacher towards his/her job and related factors. The main objective of the present investigation is to study about the job satisfaction of the higher secondary teachers with regard to the background variables namelygender, marital status, age group of the higher secondary teachers, subject handled them, type of school, nature of school and locality of school. Job Satisfaction Inventory developed by Naseema (1993)is used to collect relevant data. The sample consists of 98 higher secondary teachers from 13 higher secondary schools in KumbakonamTaluk, Thanjavur District of Tamil Nadu State. The data are analysedby ‘t’ test and ANOVA. The results indicate that there is no significant difference among higher secondary teachers with regard to the background variables namely gender, marital status, age group of the higher secondary teachers, subject handled by them, type of school, nature of school and locality of school.

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Ahmed M. Alzaidi(2005) A qualitative study of job satisfaction among secondary school head teachers in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Aravind Hans (2014) A Study on Work Stress and Job Satisfaction among Headmasters: A Case Study of Bilingual Schools in Sultanate of Oman - Muscat. BeheshtaAlemi(2014) Job Satisfaction among Afghan Teacher Educators. Beth Ann Tek(2014) An investigation of theRelationship between schools Leadership, teacher job Satisfaction and student Achievement. Bharathi and Pushpa Rani S.M (2013) A Study on Job Satisfaction of St. Joseph’s Higher Secondary School Teachers at Trichy. BijalKampani(2014) Effect of Self-Efficacy on Job satisfaction and Resilience in Urban Health Professionals.
BHARAT ME MAHILAON KI STHITI AUR SASHAKTIKARAN

Babita

Page No.: 2814 - 2820

 
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RURAL- URBAN DIFFERENCE IN OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF POPULATION OF NAGAR TAHSIL, DISTRICT AHMEDNAGAR (MAHARASHTRA, INDIA)

T. M. Varat

Page No.: 2821 - 2829

\"\"There are three basic need of human being, namely, food, shelter and clothes. In order to fulfill this need mankind involves in “occupation”. Occupational structure also influences the socio-economic development of an area (Henry, S. 1971). Any change in the occupational structure may be an indication of economic growth. Besides economic development, occupational structure and composition also throws enough light on the social inequality of the area. (Maurya, 1989). The significance of occupational distribution of population of a region lies in the fact that, it clearly reveals the socio-economic characteristics of the people living that particular region. It is, hence, one of the important measures of socio-economic development of the country. In this research the study is dealing with the dimensions of occupational structure relating to the population of the Ahmednagar tahsil; eventual rural urban differential are also analyzed

Key wards: occupational structure, economic growth, social inequality, rural-urban difference. 
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Census of India (1961): “District Census Handbook of Ahmednagar”, Published by the Director of Census operations Govt. Printing Press Mumbai Census of India (1971): “District Census Handbook of Ahmednagar”, Published by the Director of Census operations Govt. Printing Press Mumbai Census of India (1981): “District Census Handbook of Ahmednagar”, Published by the Director of Census operations Govt. Printing Press Mumbai Census of India (1991), “District Census Handbook of Ahmednagar”, Published by the Director of Census operations Govt. Printing Press Mumbai. Census of India, C. D (2001): Maharashtra and Goa state Census of India (2011), “Primary Abstract Published by, Director of Census operations Govt. Printing Press Mumbai Gazetteers, District series, Ahmednagar District. Government of Maharashtra: “Socio-economic Abstract of Ahmednagar District”, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Maharashtra State.
ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR STREAM OF STUDY AND AREA OF RESIDENCE

Rajvir Singh

Page No.: 2830 - 2845

Environment has influenced and shaped our lives since the time immemorial. Existence of human life is totally impossible without the existence of environment. On one hand environment influences the life of human beings and all their activities in one or other aspect, simultaneously on the other hand human beings also through their growth & development; and activities, desires & intentions for modification or adjustment influences the environment. Over the period, the greed of man, ignorance of environment and its significance for so long and the lack of respect for available natural resources across the globe resulted in over exploitation of environment in name of industrialisation, urbanisation and development and hence had put the life sustaining environment in peril. This anthropogenic impact on the environment has posed danger to man’s existence on this earth and hence ‘Environment’ has become the concern of all across the globe in the present era. Although a number of initiatives were made; acts and policies were framed; projects and programmes were launched; special drives, campaign and activities were organised in this direction by all nations in order to ensure sustainable development; but despite all such efforts from various governmental, non-governmental and other agencies there found some studies by the researcher that reported contradictory and contrasting results in this context. Also the report – The Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, released by World Health Organization (WHO) in June, 2016 showed that air pollution is mounting in India’s upcoming towns and cities; and half of world’s 20 most polluted cities are in India. The researcher has undertaken the present study in order to explore whether the undergraduate students of District Ambala possessed adequate level of environmental awareness or not. Researcher has also tried to explore that whether there existed any difference in level of environmental awareness of undergraduate students of District Ambala in relation to their stream of study and their area of residence, or not; as some studies in past reported contradictory and contrasting results in context of relationship of environmental awareness of students with their stream of study and area of residence. The researcher conducted the present study by drawing a true representative sample of 224 undergraduate students studying in government/ government aided colleges situated in District Ambala and employing ‘Environmental Awareness Ability Scale (EAAS)’, constructed and standardized by Dr. Praveen Kumar Jha (1998) as research tool for measuring the level of environmental awareness of undergraduate students. Data gathered was analysed and interpreted by using statistical techniques like mean, S.D. and t-test.

Keywords: Environmental awareness, harmonious equilibrium, anthropogenic impact, sustainable development, environmental attitude, environmental sensitivity and environmental education. 
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Abbas, M. Y. & Singh, R. (2014). A survey of environmental awareness, attitude and participation amongst university students: A case study. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), Vol.-3, Issue-5, 1755-1760. Retrieved from http://www.ijsr.net/archive/v3i5/MDIwMTMyMTg3.pdf Agenda 21: United Nations Sustainable Development. Retrieved from https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/content/documents/Agenda21.pdf Ali, R. & Sinha, B. (2013). A study of environmental awareness and ecological behaviour among female B.Ed. students. Educational Perspective, Vol.-II, Issue-I, 41-50. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/2578922/A_Study_of_Environmental_Awareness_and_Ecological_Behaviour_among_Female_B.Ed._Students
A COMPARISON BETWEEN TRADITIONAL AND MODERN SHOPS AROUND GARIAHAT MARKET AREA OF KOLKATA

Ranita Ghosh

Page No.: 2846 - 2853

 Market is an essential element in any human settlement. In a city region market is the main lifeline and the main reason behind the overall development of the region and its surroundings. A market again in itself holds a variety of aspects and intermingling of different kinds of people as the socio-cultural patterns of the buyers, sellers and others coming into the market area throughout the day, is very different. In this paper the study area thus chosen is of the notable market area in the city of Kolkata known as the Gariahat Market. This market has a long drawn history. It was present here in the city of Kolkata since time immemorial. This market thus has a huge extent and likewise there are also a plenty of difference in the nature of life existing here. There is also a huge diversity in the types of people coming here. People from all classes and from a variety of background come here to shop for their daily needs and also for their pleasure. Thus this market area allows for the accomplishment of a number of things. The pattern of sellers is so much varied that one could hardly realize the difference between the product qualities. The occurrence of so many types of shopkeepers itself is evident enough for the mixing of all classes of people here. In the olden days there were occurrence of only proper shops, may that be small or big but in the current age the occurrence of shops has doubled in number and apart from normal shops the presence of hawkers along the footpaths has been a matter of concern for quite some years now and modern day shopping malls, which are acting like a symbol for the young generation, is increasing in number slowly here. Shoppers thus are getting an easy access to all types of commodities within a short range and thus it is automatically giving a boost to their standard of living. The main aim of this paper is to show a comparison between modern and traditional shops of this market area.

Keywords: Market layout, source areas of goods, diversity of consumers, contrasting perceptions of consumers.
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Census of India (2001): Primary Survey Abstract; Kolkata. Census of India (2011): Primary Survey Abstract; Kolkata Indian Journal Of Applied Research ;‘Emergence of Shopping Malls and its Impact on The Hawkers’ Market Economy: A Case Study of Kolkata City’ in Volume : 4 , Issue : 8, August 2014 Prof Jaques Herzog and Prof Pierre De Meuron; “A study of Gariahat Market” ‘The Growth of Organized Retailing through Shopping Malls in India’ ; Current Trends in Technology and Science Volume : 2, Issue : 1 International Journal of Recent Scientific Research; ‘Emerging Shopping Malls In Barasat Town: A Socio-Cultural Perspective ‘Research Vol. 6, Issue, 7, pp.5229-5233, July, 2015 C.R. Kothari; Research Methodologies: Methods and Techniques; Third edition N.G. Das ; Statistical Methodology District Statistical Handbook: Kolkata
FDI INFLOWS IN INDIA IN 21ST CENTURY

Yogesh Kumar

Page No.: 2854 - 2860

 India needs huge funds for the development of different sectors. The domestic funds are not sufficient to fulfill the requirement so external finance is needed. The FDI is one of the best way to get external finance.The overall trend of FDI in India is positive, except some years. The Maharashtra and Delhi NCR regions get 49 percent of total FDI. The FDI is coming in a particular region due to certain reasons. The trend also shows that maximum FDIs are coming from few countries, such as Mauritius (35 percent), Singapore(14 percent) and U.K.(7 percent). The investment is also coming in India in the form of FII. The FIIs investment in India is not consistent since 2000-01, but in 2014-15 it has increased significantly. India needs to be cautious and less depend upon FIIs.

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Anitha, R (2012), ‘Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth in India’, International Journal of Marketing, Financial Services & Management Research Vol.1 Issue 8, ISSN 2277 3622, Pp 108-125. Nirmala S., M.Kirthika (2013), ‘An analytical study on India's Foreign Direct Investment’, International Research Journal of Business and Management – IRJBM ISSN 2322-083X IRJBM, Volume No – V, Pp 84-96. Rao, Chalapati K.S. and BiswajitDhar (2011), ‘India’s FDI Inflows: Trends and Concepts’, RIS and ISID. http://www.eximbankindia.in/sites/default/files/indias-international-trade-and-investment.pdf http://dipp.nic.in http://rbi.org.in http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/economy/maharashtra-ncr-attract-49-of-fdi-inflows-into-india/article6871003.ece http://www.businesstoday.in/current/economy-politics/fdi-inflow-declines-in-april-june-period/story/187098.html http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/business/india-business/GDP-growth-slips-to-4-3-in-2002-03/articleshow/52422.cms www.indiabudget.nic.in/survey.asp http://www.makeinindia.com/policy/foreign-direct-investment
INDIA AND THE SDG’S TOWARDS A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE OF ALL

Bikramjit Kaur

Page No.: 2861 - 2872

 “Development which meets the needs of current generations without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs”. 

                                                               -Brundtland commission on World Commission on Environment and Development

 India\\\\\\\'s success in sustaining high growth and poverty alleviation will substantially contribute to achieving the ambitious Sustainable Development Goals. The year 2015 is a landmark year for global development - the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and the world is set to adopt a new set of transformative and universal sustainable development goals (SDGs). At this juncture, when the framework for the next phase of global development is being formulated, it becomes critical to assess the achievements of the MDGs in India. Improving the lives of 1.4 billion Indians would make a major dent in the goal of improving the lives of all humanity. The process of doing so will bring forth technologies and pathways to progress that can be shared with other developing countries to enable them to also share in the increased prosperity.  The paper focuses on strategies for sustainable development which are necessary for survival of our present generation as well as for the coming generation. An attempt is also made to study India’s progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals and the challenges that India faces in achieving sustainable development goals.

Keywords:  Sustainable development goals, Present and Future Generation, Millennium Development Goals.

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Kapoor, R. (2013). Inequality Matters, Economic and Political Weekly.vol. XLVIII, No. 02. For evidence on impact of inequality on growth-poverty reduction rates in a cross country context, see UNESCAP (2010) Financing An Inclusive and Green Future, Bangkok: United Nations, ST/ESCAP/2575. UNESCAP-SSWA (2012). Regional Cooperation for Inclusive and Sustainable Development: SSWA Development Report 2012-13, New Delhi and New York: UN Publications and Routledge; also see Aggarwal,A. and Kumar,N. (2012) Structural change, industrialization and poverty reduction: The case of India, ESCAP-SSWA DP#1206. Kumar, N. (2013). Trade, capital flows and the balance of payments: Trends, Challenges and Policy Options for India UNESCAP-SSWA DP#1303. www.undp.org/content/undp/en/.../post-2015-development-agenda.html www.theguardian.com › ... › Sustainable development goals www.sustainabledevelopment2015.org/ www.hindustantimes.com/.../india...sustainable-development-goals.../ www.undp.org/content/undp/en/.../post-2015-development-agenda.html mospi.nic.in/Mospi_New/upload/mdg_26feb15.pdf www.ndtv.com › All India www.atd-fourthworld.org/?
IMPORTANCE OF VITAMINS MINERALS IN SPORTS PERFORMANCE

Mrs. Babita

Page No.: 2873 - 2880

 
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The complete Guide to Sports Nutrition – Anita Bean Food Harm Food Heal-Reader Digest You can Heal Your Life-Louise Hay Fit and Fine in Body and Mine –Tanushri Podder
SCHOLASTIC ACHIEVEMENT OF EDUCATIONALLY DEPRIVEDED CHILDREN AT PRIMARY STAGE: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Prasamita Mohanty

Page No.: 2873 - 2888

The National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 revised in 1992 and its Programme of  Action (POA), envisages paying greater attention to the education of the educationally backward minorities in the interest of equality and social justice. The NPE 1986 and revised in 1992 states “Some minority groups are educationally deprived or backward. Greater attention will be paid to the education of these groups particularly muslim in the interest of equality and social justice. This will naturally include the Constitutional guarantees given to them  to establish and administer their own educational institutions, and protection to their languages and culture. Since Independence, the Government of India has appointed various Committees and Commissions to look into the  problems of education of all children. Several policies are being formulated to promote and strengthen education of children. According to the report of the Education Commission (1964-66 ) “ a society that values social justice and is anxious to improve the lot of the common men and cultivate all available talent; must ensure progressive equality of opportunity to all sections of the population. This is the only  guarantee for building up of an egalitarian and human society in which the exploitation of the weak will be minimized”. Concerted efforts made by Govt.of India in last decades through DPEP and SSA programmes, states have achieved certain targets successfully in terms of educating girls in general and muslim girls in particular. For their betterment and success, attainment of educational standard among muslim girls is equally important as their enrolment. In order to sustain and survive within the education system, muslim girls need extra care and attention. Therefore, scholastic achievement has been major issue and an important concern for such girls. A number of factors has been examined and identified as the potential correlates of academic achievement. Studies in Indian context though provide sufficient empirical evidence on scholastic achievement, hardly any systematic attempt is found in relation to the  scholastic achievement of muslim primary school girls. An attempt has been made to find out the level of  Scholastic achievement subject wise among muslim girls. The present study was carried out among 500 muslim primary school girls in five MCD districts of Uttar Pradesh. 
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Avinashilingam,N.A.V & Sharma,G.(2005). Identification of Factors Influencing the Students’ Academic Performance. Journal of Educational Resreach and Extension.Vol.42(1), 25-32. Balasubramanayan, P.S.(1997). A Trend report on Correlates of Achievement. Fifth Survey of Educational Research. Vol.I, NCERT, New Delhi. Bajwa, S. & Kaur, H.(2006). Academic Achievement in Relation to Family Environment and Academic Stress. Education New Horizons, Vol. IV, No.11, April-June, 2006. Benno, Michael. A. (1995). A Study of Certain Correlates of Academic Achievement among Scheduled Caste Students in the Union Territory of Pondicherry. Ph.D.( Edu.), Mysore University. Bhuwal, Mahendra Kumar.(2003). A Comparative Study of the Effects of Socio-economic Status on the Self-perception and the Scholastic Achievement of SC and ST students in Primary class of Tribal Areas. Govt. College of Education, Raipur.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT

Azad Ahmad Andrabi & Nayyar Jabeen

Page No.: 2889 - 2894

The present study investigated the relationship of academic achievement and socioeconomic status among secondary level students. A total of 564 tribal and non-tribal students were selected from two districts of Kashmir by stratified random sampling technique. Socio-Economic Status Scale (SESS) developed by Divya Singh and Deepa Vinay (2013) was administered for assessing Socio-economic status. Correlation and regression analysis reported a significant relationship between academic achievement and socio-economic status in tribal and non-tribal students. Gender wise comparison also showed a significant relationship between the two variables.

Keywords: socio-economic status, academic achievement, tribal, non-tribal.  

 
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Battle, Juan. And Michael Lewis. 2002. The increasing significance of class: The relative effects of race and socioeconomic status on academic achievement. Journal of Poverty, 6(2), 21-35. Baharudin, Rozumah and Tom Luster. 1998. Factors related to the quality of the home environment and children’s achievement. Journal of Family Issues. 19(4), 375-403. Eamon, Mary. Keegan. 2005. Social demographic, school, neighbourhood, and parenting influences on academic achievement of Latino young adolescents. Journal of youth and Adolescence, 34(2), 163- 175. Hochschild, Jennifer L. 2003. Social class in Public Schools. Journal of Social Issues 59(4), 821-840. Jeynes, William H. 2002. Examining the effects of parental absence on the academic achievement of adolescents: the challenge of controlling for family income. Journal of family and economic issues, 23(2).
A STUDY ON THE AWARENESS OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS TOWARDS LANGUAGE LEARNING DIFFICULTIES OF STUDENSTS

Prasanta Kumar Acharya

Page No.: 2889 - 2898

Education involves learning, dissemination of the knowledge and experiences. In broader sense education refers to the gaining of experience in everyday life. It can take place everywhere like, at home, religious institutions, social gatherings, cultural activities, schools and other means such as television, newspaper, internet, social media, etc.  Sometimes these sources of knowledge are categorized under the non formal education. But when the learning disabilities or difficulties referred it is always related to learning that takes place in a formal ways that is in the schools or any educational institutions. It is a common phenomenon that every learner is different in the level of intelligence. Some have more and some have less. Sometimes this factor is considered as an intervening agent in the learning process of the students or learners and their achievement. Learning disabilities is another factor which intervenes in the learning of the learner. Again there are several forms of learning disabilities; they are Reading Disabilities (Dyslexia), Mathematics Disabilities (Dyscalculia), Writing Disabilities (Dysgraphia) and difficulty in remembering words (Dysnomia) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).Since, dyslexia is also one of learning difficulties has greater roles in effecting the performance and achievement of the learners. But till twenties dyslexia was not known to us. It doesn’t mean that it was not existed before twenties. Though it existed but was not detected or not known by this name. Therefore, the present paper intends to highlight on the status and awareness   of secondary school teachers on Reading Disabilities (Dyslexia) in papumpare district of Arunachal Pradesh on the basis of empirical findings of the study.


Key Words: Learning Disabilities, Dyslexia, Awareness, Achievement 
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Adrian Furnham (2013); Lay Knowledge of Dyslexia; Psychology, 2013. Vol.4. No.12,940-949; Published online, December 2013 in Scirpes (http/www.scirp.org/journal/psychology) Anne Hughes et al. (2009); Living With Dyslexia- Information For Adults with Dyslexia; Dyslexia Association of Ireland, Suffolk Chambers, 1 Suffolk Street, Dublin. Ann Turnbull et al. (2013); Exceptional Lives (7th Edition); Pearson, Boston Columbus, Indiapolish, New York. Aggarwal Y. P. (2002); Statistical Methods Concepts, Application and Computation. Third Revised Edition. Sterling Publishers Private Limited, New Delhi. Atmanand Sharma, 1982; Psychological Research Society: Report of the Riddle of Dyslexia; New Delhi: NCERT; DEPFE, ii 56p.
GENDER DISPARITY AMONG FLOCKING CONSTRUCTION WORKERS TO CHANDIGARH: A REALITY CHECK

Manjit kaur

Page No.: 2899 - 2907

Construction in Chandigarh has been taking place at a very rapid pace in recent years. The objective of this paper is to examine and highlight factors for the influx of migrants from the different states of the country which has been taking place in the city in different age groups. Gender disparity among construction workers will be emphasized by analysing the plausible reasons for migration. The migrants do not come alone but bring spouses and invite their relations from the same village to earn when there is work and there is demand for labour. The vertical mobility among the construction workers is gender specific. The research paper would try and focus on gender specific issues in the construction arena, with Chandigarh as the region under study. 
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EFFECT OF VARIETAL DIFFERENCE ON THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND FATTY ACID PROFILE OF KENAF SEED OIL

Ukachi E. Igbo, Morenike A. Osinubi, Ruth O. Ishola, Victor I. Isiba, Emmanue U. Akubueze, Ahmed S. Aroke, Chima C. Igwe & Gloria N. Elemo

Page No.: 2908 - 2913

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), has a lot of potential to be utilized in the production of fibre and edible oil for food, medicinal, biodiesel etc. Two varieties of kenaf seed grown in Nigeria: Cuba-108 and Dowling were investigated. The oilseeds were extracted with hexane using cold maceration method. Physicochemical parameters were determined according to established methods. The fatty acid composition was determined by trans esterification of a known quantity of kenaf oils with methanol using potassium hydroxide as catalyst. The result obtained showed percentage oil content of 14.8 % and 12.7 %; acid value 3.8mgKOH/gm, 5.5mgKOH/gm, for Cuba -108 and Dowling respectively. Fatty acid composition of kenafoil sample Dowling (KS (D)) is predominantly, linoleic, while Cuba -108 Cuba -108 (KS (C)) is predominantly oleic. From the results obtainedKenaf seed oil has very great industrial potential in food and non-food utilization.

Key words: Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), fatty acid composition, trans esterification, cuba 108, Dowling, acid value, saponification value, peroxide value. 
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Agbor, G. A. et al. (2005). “Haematinic activity of Hibiscus cannabinus”, African Journal of Biotechnology 4(8). Page 833 to 837. Alfred, I. I., and Patrick, O. N. (1985).“Integrated food science and Technology for the Tropics.1st edition, Macmillan Pub.Ltd. London. AOAC, 1997, Official methods of analysis. 17thedn., Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Washinhton DC,USA. Booth, F. E. M. and Wickens, G. E. (1988).Non-Timberuses of selected and zone trees and shrubs in Africa. FAO conservation guide, Rome. Page 97 to 101. Coetzee R. et al. (2008). “Fatty acid and oil variation in seed from kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinusL.)”.Industrial crops and products 27. Page 104 to 109.
IMPACT OF RUPEE DEPRECIATION ON INDIAN ECONOMY

Suhas Avhad

Page No.: 2914 - 2919


India being a developing economy with high inflation, depreciation of the currency is quite natural. Depreciation of rupee is good, so long as it is not volatile. A random depreciation that we have seen in the last few months is bad and it has hurt the economy. The country was in the grip of high inflation, low growth and the foreign reserves were not even worth to meet three weeks of imports. India got freedom from British rule on Aug 15, 1947. At that time the Indian rupee was linked to the British pound and its value was at par with the American dollar. There was no foreign borrowing on India\'s balance sheet.

Keyword: Indian Economy, Inflation, Currency, Depreciation etc. 
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Gupta S. B. – Monetary Economics, S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. Ahuja H. L. – Macro Economics, Theory & Policy, S. Chand & Co. Ltd, New Delhi. www. Indianeconomy.com www.Moneycontrol.com www.Wikepedia.com www.economicsurvey2014-15
RUSSIA’S POLICY TOWARDS INDIA UNDER PUTIN’S FIRST REGIME: 2000- 2008

Sant Prakash Singh

Page No.: 2920 - 2927

 
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Akbarzadeh, Shahram (2003), “India and Pakistan’s geostrategic rivalry in Central Asia”, Contemporary South Asia, 12(2): 219-228. Azizian, Rouben and Vasilieff, Peter (2003), “Russia and Pakistan: The Difficult Path to Rapprochement”, Asian Affairs, 30 (1): 36-55. Bakshi, Jyotsna(1998), “Russia's Post-Pokhran Dilemma”, Strategic Analysis, 22 ( 5): 721-736. Bhattacharya, Abanti (2004), “The Fallacy in the Russia-India-China Triangle”, Strategic Analysis, Volume: 28, Issue:2 , Commentaries : April 2004. URL: http://www.idsa.in/strategicanalysis/TheFallacyintheRussiaIndiaChinaTriangle_abhattacharya_0404.
PROBLEMS OF CONSTRUCTION WORKERS IN NAVI MUMBAI CITY

Prabhakar S. Chavan

Page No.: 2928 - 2934

\"\\"\\"\"The present study aims to outline problems faced by construction workers in Kamothe, Navi Mumbai city. Construction sector comes under unorganised sector of an economy. The term unorganised labour has  been defined as those workers who have not been able to organise themselves in pursuit of their common interest due to certain constraints like casual nature of employment, ignorance and illiteracy, small and scattered size of establishment. Construction sector plays a major role in the development of the economy, where the construction workers face many problems in their day-to-day life. Some of the problems are discussed in this   study. The major problems are working for more number of hours, staying away from home, bad habits, and absence of social security, misunderstanding, arguments, stress, skin and physical health problems.

Keywords: Construction Workers, Health Problems, & Navi Mumbai 
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Breman, Jan (1985), Of Peasants, Migrants and Paupers: Rural Labour and Capitalist Production in Western India, Delhi: Oxford University Press. Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition), Act, 1970, Ministry of Labour, Government of India. Deshpande, Sudha, (1996), Changing Structure of Employment in India, the Indian Journal of Labour Economics, Vol.39 G. P. Sihan and S.N. Ranade, Women construction workers" A Study in Delhi. Alliar Publishers, New Delhi, 1976
RELEVANCE OF ENGLISH ESSAY IN MODERN TIMES

Lt. V. Parimala Venu

Page No.: 2935 - 2939

English Essay is Prose genre in Literature like short story, Novel, Drama etc. It originated in France by Montaigue. A few famous exponents of this genre in English are Bacon, Charles Lamb, Jonathan Swift, Addition and Steele and later writers like Hazlitt, Leigh Hunt, Locke, Hobbes and Rosseau. Essay can be defined as “A short piece of prose writing giving some one’s idea of Politics, Society “. In the words of A.C.Benson. “the essay is a little criticism of life at some one point clearly enough defining”. 
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lCharles Lamb, by George Barnett, Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1976. Charles Lamb, by George Barnett, Twayne Publishers, Boston, 1976. Life of Charles Lamb by E.V. Lucas, G.P. Putman & Sons, London, 1905. Charles Lamb and the Lloyds by E.V. Lucas Smith, Elder & Company, London, 1898. Daniel, George, Recollections of Charles Lamb, Philadelphia: R.West, 1977.
STUDY OF BONE MINERAL DENSITY AND VITAMIN D IN PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS

Surwade Harish R & Arvind K Jain

Page No.: 2940 - 2941

 Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of synovial tissue of joints of unknown aetiology marked by a symmetric, peripheral, polyarthritis.The present study shows the relation between BMD and Vitamin D in Rheumatoid arthritis patients
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ENHANCING EXCELLENCE AND ADRESSING THE ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR QUALITY TEACHER EDUCATION

Leema. k.m & T. Mohamed Saleem

Page No.: 2942 - 2948

Teacher education is a crucial component of education. Through teacher education, school teachers, who are considered mentors of any society, are prepared and produced normally.  Its importance in human life has been recognized for a long time.  Teacher education is the main pillar of any established system of education and the custodian of the society’s culture. The quality of teacher education programme needs to be up graded. Now a days Teacher education has not come up to the requisite standards. Teachers are not able to think critically and solve the issue related to teaching methods, content, organisation etc. Teacher education programme needs a comprehensive reform and restructuring curriculum of teacher-education programme needs to be revised according to changing needs of society. This paper points out some major problems which is responsible for the deterioration of quality of teacher education and it also suggest some remedial measures for minimising these problems and thereby to enhance the quality of teacher education.

Keywords: quality, excellence, teacher education, issues, challenges 
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Mohanty, Jagannath. (2003). Teacher Education, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Vashist, S,R..(2003). Professional Education of Teachers, Mangal Deep Publications, Jaipur. Sharma, Shashi Prabha (2003). Teacher Education: Principles, Theories and Practices, Kanishka Publishers, Distributors, New Delhi. Chaurasia, G. (1977). Challenges and Innovations in Education. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd Mukerji ,S ,N. (1958). Education of teachers in India, S. Chand and Co publishers, New Delhi.
USE OF LOW COST-NO COST TEACHING MATERIAL BY ELEMENTARY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN PEDAGOGY OF SCIENCE: AN EVALUATIVE STUDY

Savita Gupta

Page No.: 2949 - 2961

\"\"Science is the most important subject and it helps to develop the problem solving, reasoning power, creativity of the students. To understand the scientific process of any concept teaching material is very necessary.For developing it very much financial burden to purchase expensive teaching material from other countries. We are going to observe that up to which extent low cost /no cost teaching is used in elementary schools. Because at elementary stage concept are not very much complex, they can be understand with the help of easily approachable teaching materials like no cost low cost teaching materials. So investigator feel tempted to study the availability and usages of low cost no cost teaching material by elementary school teachers in pedagogy of science. The focus of this study is on use of low cost- no cost teaching material by the elementary school teachers in pedagogy of science.

Keywords: Low cost- No cost teaching material, Science Pedagogy, 
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Asan and Askin (2007) Concept Mapping in Science Class: A Case Study of Fifth Grade Students. Educational Technology & Society 10, 186-195 Best J W and Chan J B (1996) Research in education (7) Prentice Hall of India New Delhi Bhatia K K and Narang C L (2008) Philosophical and sociological basis of education. Tondon publications book market Ludhiana. Bolanle T Damole (1992) The influence of teacher preparation and use of law cost no cost teaching materials on elementary school pupil’s performance in integrated science. [ http://www.unilorin.edu.ng/unilorin/journals/education/ije/dec1992] Chandra Ramesh (2005) Science education Kalpaz publication C-30 Satyawati nagar Delhi-110032 Christine C (2008) Urban Primary-Grade Children Think and Talk Science: Curricular and Instructional Practices that Nurture Participation and Argumentation. Science Education 92, 65-95
DESIGN OF AUTOMATIC COUNTING CELLS IN PHERIPHERAL BLOOD SMEAR USING COMPUTER VISION

Cerón-Franco Aureliano & Ramírez-Torres Flor

Page No.: 2962 - 2969


The purpose of this study was to improve the cell counting procedure of peripheral blood smear in clinical analysis using an automatic identification system to sort Lymphocytes and Segmented Neutrophils, with the graphical programming environment LabVIEWTM. The process involves the acquisition of samples images through a digital microscope, applying color filters to locate and extract the cells of interest and a threshold process in order to obtain some parameters to determine the cell type. The software was designed to reach a predetermined number of cells. In addition, it gives the percentage of Lymphocytes and Segmented Neutrophils of the total sample.

Keywords: Computer vision, LabVIEWTM, peripheral blood smears, Lymphocyte, Segmented Neutrophils. 
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Anggraini, D., Nugrobo, A.S. Pratama, Ch. Rozi, I.E., Iskandar, A.A., (2011), Automated Status Identification of Microscopic Images Obtained from Malaria Thin Blood Smears, International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics, pp. 2-7. Delahunt, Ch.B., Mehanian, C., Liming, H., Mcguire, S.K., Champlin, C.R., Horning, M.P., Wilson, B.K. (2015) Automated Microscopy and Machine Learning for Expert-Level Malaria Field Diagnosis, IEEE 2015 Global Humanitarian Technology Conference, pp. 393-399. Jaime-Perez, J., Gómez-Almaguer, D. (2009), Hematología; la sangre y sus enfermedades, 2da. Edición, McGrawHill, México. ManjulaSri, R., Madhubabu, Ch., Rao, KMM., (2013), LabVIEW based assessment of CDR for the detection of Glaucoma, International Conference on Emerging Trends in Computing, Communication and Nanotechnology (ICECCN 2013), pp. 683-686. Reni, S.K., Kale, I., Morling, R., (2015), Analysis of thin blood images for automated malaria diagnosis, The 5th IEEE International Conference on E-Health and Bioengineering - EHB 2015, vol. 3, No. 1, pp. 2-5.
SCHOLARLY DYNAMISM OF DR. BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR

Anjali Jagtap

Page No.: 2970 - 2976

 
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“Selected Works of Dr. Ambedkar B. R”, https://drambedkarbooks.files.wordpress.com, May 2015 Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, “Castes in India: Mechanism, Genesis and Development” Paper Presented at Anthropology seminar, 1916, first printed in Indian Antiquary, vol. XLI, 1917) Ghanshyam Shah(Ed), “Essential Writings in Politics: Castes and Democratic Politics in India” Permanent Black, 2002
IMPACT OF SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN (SSA) ON GIRLS EDUCATION IN CHAMBA DISTRICT, (H.P.)

Atul Mahajan, Jitender Singh, Monika Mahajan & Rashi Jandrotia

Page No.: 2977 - 2986

 Gender biased in favour of boys is prevalent in Indian society. There is a lack of enthusiasm and negative attitude towards girls education in our society at all levels. Under SSA many interventions such as free text books, separate toilets for girls, KGBV (Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya), Mid-day meal, uniform etc. are given to enhance the enrolment girls in schools, including free education in KGBV. The study paper is likely to evaluate the impact of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan on Girl\'s education in Chamba District, of Himachal Pradesh. 

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NCTE (1995) different models of education used for teacher preparation in India: a study, National council of teacher education, New Delhi Mehta, Arun C. (1999): ‘Status of Education for all in India in the Light of Sixth All India Educational Survey Data’, Occasional Paper No. 27, NIEPA. New Delhi. MHRD (2000b): Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan: A Peoples Movement for Education for All, Draft Guidelines. New Delhi: Government of India. MHRD & NIEPA (2000d): EFA the Year 2000 Assessment, Country Report: India and Other Studies. New Delhi: Government of India. Sharma, D.P. (2002) Teacher education programme of IGNOU: student teacher’s perception Indian Journal of open learning, 11(3), 335-346 NCF (2005) National Curriculum framework Shukla B.L. (2007) Analytical Report 2007: Elementary education in Himachal Pradesh. RTE 2009 Right to Education Act Annual Work Plan and Budget (SSA) of Chamba District Chamba, (H.P.) 2002-03 onwards. Sharma H., Ibomcha (March 2013): Universalization of elementary education under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Manipur. Katoch S, Kuldeep Sunil Kumar(Aug-Sep-2014): Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan in Mandi District of Himachal Pradesh:A case study. Scholarly Research Journal, India. Jitender Singh et l, (July 2016) Status Of Universalization of Elementary Education In Chamba District Himachal Pradesh Under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan-RTE, Scholarly Research Journal, India.
CONSTRUCTION AND STANDARDIZATION OF SELF-EFFICACY SCALE FOR SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS

Sapna Sen & Vishal Sood

Page No.: 2987 - 2996

\"\"For measuring self-efficacy of secondary school teachers, the present task was undertaken to construct and standardized teachers’ self-efficacy scale. For this, data were collected from secondary school teachers by adopting convenient sampling technique in combination with purposive sampling technique. An item pool was developed initially by consulting various sources and theoretical and empirical literature available in the concerned area. This item pool was put to evaluation and criticism by technical as well as language experts. The preliminary draft of teachers’ self-efficacy scale was further subjected to item analysis to select only highly discriminating items. The reliability of scale was ascertained with the help of test-retest and split-half method which were found to be appreciably high. The validity of teachers’ self-efficacy scale was also ascertained and norms were established for interpretation of obtained scores on the scale. In the last, conclusions have been presented and implications in the shape of the applicability and usefulness of teachers’ self-efficacy scale have been discussed.

Keywords: Construction, Standardization, Self-Efficacy. 
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Arulsamy, S. (2008). An investigation into secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching. Research and Reflections on Education, 6 (3), 22-24. Ashton, P. T, Webb, R. B. (1986). Making a difference: Teachers' sense of efficacy and Student achievement. White Plains, NY: Longman. Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V.S. Ramachandran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Human Behaviour. 4, 71-81. Bhargava, M. (2006). Modern psychological testing and measurement. Agra: H.P. Bhargava Book House. Britta K. Morris, Rothschild and Marla, R. Brassard (2006). Teachers’ conflict management styles: The role of attachment styles and classroom management efficacy. Journal of School Psychology. 44, 105–121. Chan, David W. (2004). Dimensions of teacher self-efficacy among Chinese secondary school teachers. Educational Psychology, 28 (2), 181-194. Edmund. T. Emmer, Julia Hickman (1991). Teacher efficacy in classroom management and discipline. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 76 (4), 569-582. Edwards, A.L. (1957). Techniques of attitude scale construction. New York: Appleton-Century Crofts Inc.
REFLECTIONS OF SMC MEMBERS REGARDING FUNCTIONING OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES (SMCS) IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF TRIBAL AREAS OF HIMACHAL PRADESH

Ajender Singh & Vishal Sood

Page No.: 2997 - 3005

 The present investigation was undertaken to study the reflections of SMC members regarding the functioning of School Management Committees (SMCs) in elementary schools of tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. For conducting this investigation, survey method was employed and a total of 110 SMC members were selected from 60 elementary schools situated in two tribal districts i.e. Kinnaur and Lahaul - Spiti of Himachal Pradesh. The data were gathered with the help of a self- developed questionnaire for SMC members which contained both close-ended and open-ended items. The data were analyzed by employing frequency count and percentage analysis. It was revealed that SMCs are functioning in tribal elementary schools appropriately to a certain extent. SMC members have highlighted certain issues in proper functioning of SMCs and suggested the measures for improving the functioning of SMCs and quality of elementary education in tribal areas of Himachal Pradesh. The last section of the research paper discussed major findings and implications.

Keywords: School Management Committees, Tribal Areas

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Banerjee, Abhijit; Banerjee, Rukmini; Duflo, Esther; Glennerster, Rachel & Khemani, Stuti (2007). Can information campaigns raise awareness and local participation in primary education? Economic and Political Weekly, April 14 Issue, 65-72. Kernel, Teron (2012). Study of the functioning of SMCs in the Golaghat District of Assam. A Research Study, New Delhi: NUEPA. Narayana, M. and Chandrakant (2000). Functioning of VEC in Satara district of Maharashtra: A study in reference to adult education. Unpublished Dissertation, New Delhi: NUEPA. Owusu, Benedict Osei and Sam, Francis Kwame (2012). Assessing the role of school management committees (SMCs) in improving quality teaching-learning in Ashanti Mampong municipal basic schools. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Status, 3(5), 611-615. Patil, G.B. (2004). Role of gram shikshan samiti (GSS) in universalisation of primary education. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Mumbai: Mumbai University. Sujatha, K. and Rao , M.S. (2000). Community participation in education in tribal areas: Study of Maabadies (community school) in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, New Delhi: NUEPA. Verma, Snehlata and Singh, Jaggar (2014). Functioning of village education committee (VEC) in educational management, An analytical study of selected villages of Punjab. Journal of International Academic Research for Multidisciplinary Studies. Yadav, R. S. (2006). Community Participation in Education: Role of VECs in Haryana. Ambala Cantt: Associate Publishers.
ANALYSIS OF PPP MODEL WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO EMPLOYMENT AS OUTPUT OF PRE SERVICE TEACHER EDUCATION PROGRAMME

Prerna Mandhyan

Page No.: 3023 - 3027

\"\"India is consisting largest system of teacher education in India. Besides the University Departments of education and their affiliated colleges there are a number of govt. and govt. aided institutions and self financing colleges and open universities who are engaged in teacher education. The present study analyse PPP model with special reference to Employment as output of pre service teacher education programme. This paper explores the teacher education in Allahabad, district of State Uttar Pradesh with a special focus on pre-service teacher education programme at secondary stage running by different type of institutions. Finally, the study examines and assesses the current status of public and private institutions in providing employment opportunity. The study further probes different views on PPP model in pre-service teacher education programme.

Keywords: PPP model, pre service teacher education programme, type of institutions, employment opportunity 
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Arrow, K. (1973): Higher Education as a Filter. Journal of Public Economics, Vol.2, No. 3, pp.193-216. Blaug, M. (ed.) (1968): Economics of Education- Selected Readings, Vol. 1& 2. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd. Chaudhry, D.P. and Rao, P. (1970): Private and Social Returns to Higher Education. In Tilak, J.B.G. (eds.) (2013).Higher Education in India in Search of Equality, Quality and Quantity. New Delhi: Orient Blackswan Private Limited. DeFreitas, G. Marsden, D. and Ryan, P. (1991): Youth Employment Patterns in Segmented Labor Markets in the US and Europe. Eastern Economic Journal, Vol.17 No.2, pp. 223-236 Psachropoulas, G. (1980): Higher Education in Developing Countries- A Cost Benefit Analysis. Washington DC: The World Bank, www.eric.ed.gov
ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION - ROLE OF COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES

Amulya Kumar Acharya

Page No.: 3028 - 3041

 \"\"

Environmental Protection Act (1986) defined, “Environment as the sum total of water, air and land, their interrelationship among themselves and with the human beings, other living beings and property. Environmental education is a process that allows individuals to explore environmental issues, engage in problem solving, and take action to improve the environment. As a result, individuals develop a deeper understanding of environmental issues and have the skills to make informed and responsible decisions (United States, Environmental Protection Agency). Environment is degrading at a much faster pace than our imagination. Most of this mess is caused by human activities. The damage is both at global and regional level. Depletion of ozone layer and increase in the emission of greenhouse gas are the examples of the damage at global level whereas ground water pollution, soil erosion are some of the regional consequences of human activities and their impact on environment. To protect and manage environment it is imperative to have a sound environmental education. It is a way to teach people and societies on how to use the present and future resources optimally. Through environmental education the students of schools, colleges and universities can gain knowledge to handle the fundamental issues leading to local pollution and environmental related hazards. Colleges and Universities in India mostly focus on teaching, research and training moreover imparting theoretical knowledge in environmental education. Regardless to say the students of colleges and universities spend most of their time in watching television, listening to music, playing video games, surfing internet, spending valuable times through social networking or using computer. They have no time to travel around and to explore the natural world around them. This not only impacts the health of students but also detach them from their surroundings and nature. The role of the colleges and universities is to encourage and integrate towards environmental education through various ways and means right from the beginning from their college education.

Key Words: Environmental Science, Climate Change, environmental education, Role of colleges and universities.

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Sharma, R.A. (2008). Environmental Education. Meerut: R Lall Books Depot. Sharma, B.L., & Maheswari, B.K. (2008). Education for Environmental and Human value. Meerut: R.Lall Books Depot. Kumar, A. (2009). A text book of environmental science. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation. Singh, Y.K. (2009). Teaching of Environmental Science. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation.
MINDFULLNESS – FOR PYSCHOLOGICAL WELLBEING

Sunayana J. Kadle

Page No.: 3042 - 3049

 Mindfulness is an attribute of consciousness long believed to promote well-being. Mindfulness has been defined as -A state of active, open attention on the present. When one is mindful, one observes his or her own thoughts and feelings from a distance, without judging them good or bad. Mindfulness means living in the moment and awakening to experience. Mindfulness is now being examined scientifically and has been found to be a key element in happiness.
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Abrams, H. (2007). Towards an understanding of mindful practices with children and adolescents in residential treatment. Residential Treatment for Children & Youth, 24(1/2), 93–109. Baer, R. (2003). Mindfulness training as a clinical intervention: A conceptual and empirical review.Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 125–142. Baer, R., & Krietemeyer, J. (2006). Overview of mindfulness- and acceptance-based treatment approaches
AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SYSTEM IN TELANGANA STATE – A STUDY

Mudigonda Raju

Page No.: 3050 - 3057

 
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Amrutha C.P. 2009. Market information system and its application for Agricultural commodities in Karnataka state – A case of onion. Ph.D thesis. University of Agricultural sciences, Dharwad. Anonymous, 2003, FAO/AFMA/Myanmar Regional Seminar on improving Agricultural Marketing Information System. Agricultural Marketing, 45 (4): 2-3. Kashyap, P. and Raut, S. (2006) “The Rural Marketing Book”, Biztantra, New Delhi, India. Kiresur V.R., Rama RAO D. and Kalpana Sastry R. 2001, Decision Support System (DSS) in forecasting of future oilseeds scenario in India – A system Dynamic model. Paper presented at the First National Conference onAgro-Informatics (NCAI) organized by Indian Society of Agricultural Information Technology (INSAIT) at UAS, Dharwad. 3-4 June, 2001.
IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION IN TEACHING LEARNING PROCESS

Ms Deepti Rawat

Page No.: 3058 - 3063

The success of the teaching-learning process depends on the teacher’s knowledge and the teacher’s ability to transfer the same to the students. Communication plays a vital role in the transfer of knowledge to take place. Furthermore, the process is facilitated by the verbal communication that not only helps in the sharing of the knowledge but also creates an amicable environment to facilitate the sharing of ideas/opinions/feelings between the teacher and the students. In this regard, the paper explores the role of communication in education with the special focus on the verbal communication.

Keywords: Communication, Teaching Learning Processes

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Azam, M. & Kingdon, G. (2014). Assessing Teacher Quality in India. Discussion Paper No. 8622 Baruah, S. & Goswami, U. (2012). Factors influencing school dropouts at the primary level. International Journal of Farm Sciences 2(1) :141-144 Carvalho, A M. P, Santos, E. I., Azevedo, M. C. P. S., Date, M. P. S., Fujii, S. R. S. Nascimento, V. B. Communication Skills For Teaching Hybels, Saundra, Weaver, Richard L. (1995). Communicating effectively. New York: McGraw-Hill Jonassen, D, Davidsson, M. Collins, C., Campell, J. and Haag, B. (1995). Constructivism and Computer-Mediated Communication in Distance Education. The American Journal of Distance Education, 9 (2), pp 7-22.
KUMAR SAMBHA MAHAKAVYA ME VARNIT VICHARON KA ADHYAYAN

Ratanlal Bhojak & Vandana Soni

Page No.: 3064 - 3068

 
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A VIEW ON TEACHER’S MANAGEMENT STYLE OF STUDENTS

Mrs. Parveen Rani

Page No.: 3069 - 3074

 
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Auster, E.R., & Wylie, K.K.(2006). Creating active learning in the classroom: A systematic approach. Journal of Management Education, 30(2), 333-354. Bahman Yasbologhi Sharahi (2009). A comparative study of learning outcomes of postgraduate students of India and Iran in relation to their teacher’s management style, gender and attitude towards network technologies. Whitman, Spendlove, and Clark (1984). What is the relationship between teaching and learning? ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report, 15(4), 1-7. Wolfgang, C.H., & Glickman, C.D. (1986). Solving discipline problems: Strategies for classroom teachers. Wubbles, Theo (2009).An international perspectives on classroom management: what should prospective teacher learn? Teaching Education,22(2), 113-131.
CONTRIBUTIONS OF MATHEMATICS GENIUS SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN IN MATHEMATICS

Bhushan Kumar

Page No.: 3075 - 3079

 Srinivasa Ramanujan made substantial contributions to the analytical theory of numbers and worked on ‘elliptic functions’, ‘continued fractions’, and ‘infinite series’. He was a great Mathematician, who became world famous at the tender age of twenty-six. He was born into a family that had a humble background and that had no distinguished professional achievement, yet his mathematical ideas transformed and reshaped  century mathematics and continues to inspire modern day mathematicians. Considered to be a mathematical genius, Srinivasa Ramanujan, was regarded at par with the likes of Leonhard Euler and Carl Jacobi. In spite of having almost no formal training in mathematics, Ramanujan’s knowledge of mathematics was astonishing. Even though he had no knowledge of the modern developments in the subject, he effortlessly worked out the Riemann series, the elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series, and the functional equations of the zeta function
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Ramanujan, S. (1921). "Congruence properties of partitions". Mathematische_Zeitschrift, 9: 147–153. The Man Who Knew Infinity: A Life of the Genius Ramanujan, Little, Brown Book Group (10 December 1992), ISBN-10: 0349104522 Mathematical Legacy of Srinivasa Ramanujan, Ram Murty. Ramanujan, S.: The Lost Notebook and Other Unpublished Papers. Intro by G.E. Andrews. Narosa, New Delhi (1997) Partitions, Durfee symbols, and the Atkin–Garvan moments of ranks, George E. Andrews, Inventiones mathematicae, 05/23/2007.
INNOVATION IN PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS

Mahavir Singh Chhonkar

Page No.: 3080 - 3087

One of the key elements in most of  reforms is the professional development of teachers; societies are finally acknowledging that teachers are not only one of the ‘variables’ that need to be change in order to improve their education system ,but they are also the most significant change agents in these reforms. This double role of teachers in educational reforms –being both subjects and objects of change-makes the field of teacher professional development a growing and challenging area. When teachers are given the opportunity, via high-quality professional development, to learn new strategies for teaching to rigorous standards, they report changing their teaching in the classroom This paper provides new insights and methods needed for creating rich and innovative bases for professional development of teachers to meet the future needs. 
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Alexander, D., Heaviside, S., & Farris, E. (1998). Status of education reform in public elementary and secondary schools: Teachers’ perspectives. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. Bailey, K., A. Curtis, and D. Nunan. 2001. Pursu¬ing professional development: The self as source. Ontario, Canada: Heinle and Heinle. Bransford, JD, Brown, AL & Cocking, R 2000, How People Learn: Brain, Mind, Experience, and School, Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington DC. Burke, C. (2007). Inspiring spaces: creating creative classrooms. Curriculum Briefing, 5(2), 35-39. Cheng, Y. C., Chow, K. W., & Mok, M. M. C. (Eds.). (2004). Reform of teacher education in Asia- Pacific in the new millennium: Trends and challenges (pp. 1–238). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Kluwer Academic Puhlishers. Elmore, RE & Burney, D 1997, Investing in Teacher Learning: Staff Development and Instructional Improvement in Community School District #2, National Commission on Teaching and America’s Future and the Consortium for Policy Research in Education, New York City. Greenwald, R, Hedges, LV & Laine RD 1996, ‘The effects of school resources on student achievement’, Review of Educational Research, vol. 66, pp. 361–96.
THE PROS AND CONS OF INTERNATIONAL NUCLEAR LIABILITY REGIMES AND THE WAY FORWARD

Ramandeep Singh Sidhu & Deepak K. Chauhan

Page No.: 3088 - 3094

 
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Boyle, A. E. (2005). Globalising environmental liability: The interplay of national and international law. Journal of Environmental Law, 17(1), 3-26 Brownlie, I. (2008). Principles of public international law. London: Oxford University Press. Currie, D. E. J. (2008) The problems and gaps in the nuclear liability conventions and an analysis of how an actual claim would be brought under the current existing treaty regime in the event of nuclear accident. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 35(1), 85-127. Lee, M. (2000). Civil Liability of Nuclear Industry. Journal of Environmental Law, 12(3), 317-332. McRae, B. (2007). The convention on supplementary compensation for nuclear damage: Catalyst for a global nuclear liability regime. Nuclear Law Bulletin, 79(1), 17-36. Pelzer, N. (2010). Main features of the revised international regime governing liability-progress and standstill. In International nuclear law: History, evolution and outlook. Paris: OECD Raju, S., & Ramana, M. V. (2010). The other side of nuclear liability. Economic and Political Weekly, xlv(16), 48-54. Sachs, N. (2008). Beyond the liability wall: Strengthening tort remedies in international environmental law. UCLA Law review, 55, 837, 838-861. Schwartz, A. J. (2006). International nuclear third party liability law: The response to Chernobyl. In The international nuclear law in the post-Chernobyl period. Paris: OECD. The Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act. (1957). Van Dyke, J. M. (2006). Liability and compensation for harm caused by nuclear activities. Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 35, 13-46.
EVALUATION OF BRAND LOTALTY IN AVIATION INDUSTRY

Arpit Khurana

Page No.: 3095 - 3103

\"\"The main focus of this paper is to explore the airline brand loyalty. The primary objective of this study is to explore the nature of consumer loyalty and its major determinants with respect to Air India Flying Reuters Card; analyze the data concerning relationships between consumers\' attitude, habit, satisfaction and loyalty among Air India customers. Further, it confirms various constructs extracted from the review of literature.

Keywords: Customer loyalty, attitude, habit, satisfaction, loyalty, service, safety, comfort, luggage allowance, bonus, Flying Reuters Card, Air India. 
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Bielen, F., & Demoulin, N. (2007). Waiting time influence on the satisfaction-loyalty relationship in services. Managing Service Quality, 17, (2), 174-193. Castañeda, J. A. (2011). Relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty on the internet. Journal of Business and Psychology, 26(3), 371-383. Forgas, S., Moliner, M. A., Sánchez, J., & Palau, R. (2010). Antecedents of airline passenger loyalty: Low-cost versus traditional airlines. Journal of Air Transport Management, 16(4), 229-233. Kumar, V., Batista, L., & Maull, R. (2011). The impact of operations performance on customer loyalty. Service Science, 3(2), 158-171. Nambisan, S., & Sawhney, M. (2007). Meet the innovation capitalist. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved February 05, 2014, from http://hbr.org/2007/03/meet-the-innovation-capitalist/ar/1 Shoemaker, S., & Lewis, R. C. (1999). Customer loyalty: The future of hospitality marketing. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 18(4), 345-370. Tax, S. S., Brown, S. W., & Chandrashekaran, M. (1998). Customer evaluations of service complaint experiences: Implications for relationship marketing. Journal of Marketing, 62(2), 60-76. Zhaohua, D., Yaobin L., Kwok, K. W., & Jinlong, Z. (2010). Understanding customer satisfaction and loyalty: An empirical study of mobile instant messages in China.
MEASURE PERFORMANCE OFTERTIUS AND SEQUENTIAL PATTERNS FOR SOFTWARE BUG

Dhyan Chandra Yadav

Page No.: 3104 - 3109

Software bug is a major problem in project development process. Association rule presents relationship between attributes and also calculate the intensity of relationship between attributes.In this paper we compare between tertius and sequence patterns performance for bug detection and also describe better performance for rules and number of hypotheses consideration.
Keywords— Association Algorithms: Tertius , Generalized Sequential Patterns and Weka Tool. 
 
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Anthony Williams “Database Tip: Eliminate Duplicate Data” Friday 25 January 2008. M. Shepperd, C. Schofield, and B. Kitchenham, ”Effort estimation using analogy,” in of the 18th International Conference On Software Engineering, pp.170-178. Berlin, Germany, 1996. Alsmadi and Magel, “Open source evolution Analysis,” in proceeding of the 22nd IEEE International Conference on Software Maintenance (ICMS’06), phladelphia, pa.USA, 2006. Boehm,Clark,Horowitz,Madachy,Shelby and Westland, ”Cost models for future software life cycle Process: COCOMO2.0.” in Annals of software Engineering special volume on software process and prodocuct measurement, J.D.Arther and S.M.Henry, Eds, vol.1, pp.45-60, j.c.Baltzer AG, science publishers, Amsterdam, The Netherlnds, 1995. Ribu,Estimating object oriented software projects With use cases,M.S.thesis, University of Oslo Department of informatics, 2001. N.Nagwani and S. Verma,”prediction data mining Model for software bug estimation using average Weighted similiarity,”In proceeding of advance Computing conference (IACC), 2010. A.E.Hassan ,”The road ahead for mining software Repositories”, in processing of the future of software Maintenance at the 24th IEEE international Conference on software maintenance, 2008. Z.Li and Reformat,”A practical method for the Software fault prediction”,in proceeding of IEEE Nation conference information reuse and Integration (IRI), 2007. C.Elcan,”The foundations of cost sensitive learning In processing of the 17 International conference on Machine learning, 2001. C.Chang and C.Chu,”software defect prediction Using international association rule mining”, 2009. S.Kotsiantis and D.Kanellopoulos,”Associanrule mining:Arecentoverview”,GESTS international transactiona on computer science and Engineering, 2006. N.Pannurat,N.Kerdprasop and K.Kerdprasop”Database reverses engineering based On Association rule mining”,IJCSI international Journal Of computer science issues 2010. U.M.Fayyad,GPiateskyShapiro,P.Smuth and R. Uthurusamy ,”Advances in knowledge discovery And data mining”,AAAI Press,1996. M.Shtern and Vassilios,”Review article advances in Software engineering clustering methodologies for Software engineering”,Tzerpos volume,2012. P.Runeson and O.Nyholm,”Detection of duplicate Defect report using neural network processing”,inProceeding of the 29th international conference on Software engineering 2007. G.Vishal and S.L. Gurpreet,”A servey of text mining Techniques and applications”,journal of engineering Technologies in web intelligence, 2009. Lovedeep and VarinderKaurArti” Application of Data mining techniques in software engineering”International journal of electrical,electronics and computer system(IJEECS) Volume-2 issue-5, 6. 2014. RichiNayakandTianQiu”Adata mining application ”international journal of software engineering and Knowledge engineering volume.15,issue-04,2005.
BALANCING ACCEPTABLE COMPETITIVE BEHAVIOUR AND LAW OF DISPARAGEMENT IN INDIA: AN ANALYSIS

Aditi Sharma

Page No.: 1158 - 1166

ROLE OF LINES IN COSTUME DESIGN

Deepak S. Garud

Page No.: 3104 - 3108

 
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The Costume Technician's Handbook - Rosemary Ingham and Liz Covey Costume Designer's Handbook: A Complete Guide for Amateur and Professional Costume Designers2nd - Rosemary Ingham and Liz Covey Costume Design and Illustration - Ethel Traphagen Fundamentals of Theatrical Design: A Guide to the Basics of Scenic, Costume, and Lighting Design - Karen Brewster , Melissa Shafer History of Costume.-: Rachel H kemper. Theatrical Design and Production: An Introduction to Scene Design and Construction, Lighting, Sound, Costume, and Makeup - J. Michael Gillette The Art of Theatrical Design: Elements of Visual Composition, Methods, and Practice - Kaoime Malloy Natyanirmiti (Marathi) –Yashwant Kelkar. Suvasas : The beautiful Costumes – Vishu Arora.
CRITICAL STUDYON SECONDARY SCHOOL SCIENCE TEXT BOOKSPRESCRIBED BY THE GOVERNMENT OFTELANGANA

Ravindar Reddy

Page No.: 3109 - 3119

 Education in its broadest sense is the means through which the aims and habits of a group of people lives on from one generation to the next. Generally it has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels or acts. It is narrow technical sense; education is a formal process by which society deliberately transmits its accumulated knowledge, skills, customs and values from one generation to another, e.g. instructions in schools. “The textbook is, in fact, the heart of the school and without the ubiquitous text there would be no schools, at least as we know them”. Textbook for children are widely recognized as having ideological, educational, socializing and pedagogical implications and objectives. Therefore this is important to understand that text produced and presented in the books. Because, the material produced for the very young children play an important role in reshaping discourse that are already in circulation in the broader social world.The term curriculum used in a number of ways by parents, educators and businesses. Some see curriculum as the “academic stuff that is done to children in school.” Teachers themselves use the term in different ways depending on their views and needs. In any school staffroom one may hear statements about curriculum such as the following: “The kids are really making progress since I began modifying the curriculum to better meet their needs.” Science is both a body of knowledge that represents current understanding of natural systems and the process whereby that body of knowledge has been established and is being continually extended, refined, and revised. Both elements are essential: one cannot make progress in science without an understanding of both. Likewise, in learning science one must come to understand both the body of knowledge and the process by which this knowledge is established, extended, refined, and revised.
Keywords: Evaluation, Secondary School, Science Text Book.
 
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Afzaal Hussain, Ashiq Hussain Dogar, Muhammad Azeem and Azra Shakoor (2011), “Evaluation of Curriculum Development Process”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol.1, No.14, pp.263-271. Agrawal S.S. and Madhuri P. Khobragade (2013), “A Study of Critical Evaluation of CBSE Science Text Book of Class IX”, Indian Journal of Experimental and Innovation in Education”, Vol.2, Issue 5, ISSN: 2278 1730. Aikenhead, G S (1996), “Science education: border crossing into the subculture of science”, Studies in Science Education, vol.27, pp.1-52. Aikenhead, G.S. (2003), “STS education: A rose by any other name”. In R. Cross (Ed.), A vision for science education: Responding to the work of Peter Fensham. New York: Routledge Falmer, pp.59-75. Ajaja O. Patrick (2009), “Evaluation of Science Teaching in Secondary Schools in Delta State 2 - Teaching of the Sciences”, Int J Edu Sci, vol.1(2): 119-129. Ajzen, I (1984) in Wiley Encyclopedia of Psychology (ed. Corsini, R. J.) 99-100, Wiley, New York. Ball, D.L., & Cohen, D.K. (1996), “Reform by the book: What is--or might be--the role of curriculum materials in teacher learning and instructional reform?”, Educational Researcher, vol.25(9), pp.6-8, 14. Black, P. and Wiliam, D. (1998), “Assessment and Classroom learning”, Assessment in Education vol.5 (1), pp.7-73.
ATTITUDE OF DISTRICT JAMMU COLLEGE STUDENTS TOWARDS MODERNIZATION IN RELATION TO GENDER AND STREAM -- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Satish Kumar Kalhotra

Page No.: 3120 - 3128

 The present study was carried out to know the attitude of students towards modernization in relation to gender and stream. 100 (one hundred) students were taken as sample for the present study. T-Test as statiscal technique was used to know the attitude of students towards modernization in relation to gender and stream. The findings reveal that There is significant difference in the mean scores of teacher trainees  and  engineering students of district Jammu college so they  differ in their attitude towards modernization and shows almost same kind of attitude.
Keywords: Modernization, Modernity, Attitude, Interest Articulation
 
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Adler et. al.(1992). Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity among Elementary School Boys and Girl. Sociology of Education, 65, pp. 169-187. doi: 10.237/2112807. Aggarwal, j. C: Teacher Education Theory and Practice, Doaba House, 2013. Ahuja, Ram: Research Method, Rawat Publication, 2014. Asthana, Bipin: Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education, Vinud Pustak Mandir, Agra, 2005
GRAMSABHETIL LOKANCHA SAHABHAG HACH KHARYA ARTHANE GAVCHYA VIKASACHA MARG

Subhash Amar Sawant

Page No.: 3129 - 3137

 
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TEACHING COMPETENCES AND ATTITUDE OF DAY AND BOARDING SCHOOL TEACHERS IN KASHMIR- A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Shabir Ahmad Bhat & Amina Bano Quari

Page No.: 3138 - 3149

 The present study was designed to compare Day and Boarding school teachers on teaching competency and attitude. The main objective of the investigation was to know the teaching competences and attitude of Day and Boarding School Teachers of Kashmir. The research was conducted on 400 secondary school teachers (200 Boarding school teachers and 200 Day School teachers). The investigator used B.K. Passi Teaching competency scale to assess the teaching competency and S.P. Ahluwalia teaching attitude inventory to assess the attitude of the sample subjects. The data was analyzed by using statistical techniques like Mean, S.D and t-value. The major findings of the study depicts that there is significant difference between Day and Boarding School Teachers on Teaching Competency and attitude. The Boarding school teachers were found to have better teaching competency and attitude towards teaching than day boarding school teachers.
Keywords: Teaching Competency, Attitude, Day, Boarding, Teachers.
 
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Anastasi C. (1957). Attitude of in-service and preservice primary school teachers journal of education psychology. Arora Kamala, 1975. "Difference Between Effective and in Effective Teachers", S. Chand & Co. New Delhi.
IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPERIENTIAL LEARNING PROGRAM TO DEVELOP SCIENTIFIC TEMPER AMONG HEARING IMPAIRED STUDENTS IN CLASSROOM

Prof. Namita S. Sahare

Page No.: 3144 - 3158

 According to our Constitution, 42nd Amendment, one of our fundamental duties is to promote the scientific temper. Classroom is a beehive of activity. To impart experiential learning students should be engaged in Science based activities .   Fact with the Hearing impaired students is they cannot be taught through sound sense. In multisensory approach researcher has focused on the remaining four senses that are  taste, sight, touch, smell to enhance students knowledge in  science.  Inclusive education is about how we develop and design our schools, classrooms, programs and activities so that all students learn and participate together.  An experiential learning Program was developed in which set of science activities was demonstrated with active participation of hearing impaired students to overcome their hearing inability. Multiple choice question based achievement test was conducted to study the impact. Thus providing an experience that would strengthen student’s scientific attitude to counter hearing impairment with which scientific temper was enhanced . 
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The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People – by Stephen R Covey , Pocket Books, 1999, An imprint of Simon and Schuster UK Ltd, A via company Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.. http://www.brighthubeducation.com/ ncbi.nlm.nih.gov www.sambhavfoundation.org www.sciencebuddies.org/
APPROACHES OF DIFFERENT RELIGIONS TOWARDS PEACE EDUCATION WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO BUDDHISM, JAINISM, HINDUISM AND ISLAM

Shakera Parveen

Page No.: 3159 - 3166

In the humanizing Process of Man, mere mastering the realm of knowledge and devising ways of massive production and destruction might ultimately lead to all annihilation, as Man is capable of smashing the entire world including Human Civilization within no time by using the stock pile of Nuclear Weapons. There must be a restraint exercise to bring Peace and Harmony in the society and sustain it. Here arises the need to control the remnants of primordial savage still inherent in modern Man and exhibiting symptoms of savagery even in the 21st Century. This under pine great needs to sober the society and ensure Peace, Harmony and Progress of society and there arises a need for Approaches of different Religions to ensure Peace education. Perhaps we know that the earliest written records of guidelines and principles that teach us how to achieve peace comes through the world’s great religions. These religions – following the teachings of such Prophet Mohammed, Buddha, Jesus Christ, Mahavir Jain and others have specific scriptures that advance peace. Religions promote their own vision of peace but ironically some people in the name of religion create nuisance. Why can’t human beings who know about peace figure out how to live in peace following approaches of different religions to ensure peace in society?
Keywords: knowledge; religion; approaches; peace; harmony
 
 
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Harris, I. (1988) Peace Education. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. Marc Sommers (2001) Learning for a future: refugee education in developing countries Loreta Navarro-Castro, Jasmin Nario-Galace (2008) Peace Education: A Pathway to a Culture of Peace Center for Peace Education, Miriam College Quezon City, Philippines www.jinvaani.org Jainism' e-Storehouse,jain approches of peace education, Professor Narendra Bhandari
WOMEN IN THE NOVELS OF SHASHI DESHPANDE: A CRITIQUE

Varinder Kumar

Page No.: 3167 - 3173

 
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Deshpande, Shashi. The Binding Vine. Penguin India, 1982. ---. That Long Silence. Penguin India, 1989. ---. If I Die Today. Vikas, 1982. ---. Roots and Shadows. Disha Books, 1983. ---. A Matter of Time. Penguin India, 1996. Aurecbach, Nina. Feminist Criticism Reviewed in Gender and Literary Voice. Ed. Janet Todd. Holmes & Meier, 1980. Makward, Christiana. The Future of Difference. ed. Hester Eisenstein and Alice Jardine. GK Hall, 1980. Mukherjee, Meenakshi. Sounds of Silence: Review of A Matter of Time. Indian Review of Books, 1997. Seldon, Raman. A Reader's Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory. Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1989. Sheshadri, Veena. That Long Silence. Literature Alive, 1988. Shirwadkar, Meena. Image of Woman in Indo-English Novel. Sterling Publishers, 1979. Spacks, Patricia Meyer. The Female Imagination. Alfred A. Knopf, 1975.
A STUDY OF USAGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT) AMONG TEACHER EDUCATORS OF B.ED. COLLEGES UNDER BURDWAN UNIVERSITY, WEST BENGAL

Tandra Bandyopadhyay

Page No.: 3174 - 3183

 Information and communication technology in schools can be used as a marvelous communication tool to improve better teaching techniques. With the advancement of technology in education, schools adopt school communication software to transmit, store, share or exchange information. In this technological era, ICT in education has compelled many educational institutions to get accustomed to smart technology and make use of computers, the internet, and multimedia as the medium of communication. Technology is application of scientific knowledge for practical purposes in day to day life. It is a science of techniques and methods of doing things related to any art, science or to a particular profession. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has influenced all aspects of life of individual. It plays a pivotal role in the field of education. Teacher, Student, administrator and every people related to education are popularly used ICT Teacher use ICT for making teaching learning process easy and interesting. In modern societies education demands more knowledge of ICT and also the skills to use ICT in teaching —learning process. The knowledge of ICT also required for teacher to know the world of technology in a better way by which it can be applied for the betterment of the students. ICT is an effective tool for assimilating processing and disseminating information. The main purpose of the study is to know the usages of ICT among Teachers working in B. Ed College. In the present study descriptive survey method was employed by the investigators. The sample consisted of 40 teachers working in B.Ed. College. The results found that the level of usages among teachers is satisfactory and there is no significant difference is found in usage of ICT in relation to gender.
Keywords: ICT, teaching-learning process.
 
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Mihir C., Trivedi (2015). "A Study of ICT Awareness, Need and Use among secondary and Higher Secondary School Teachers of Saurashtra Region of Gujarat."Ph.D thesis submitted to the Deptt. Of Education, Saurashtra University, Rajkot. M.J.Philomina and S. Amutha: Information and Communication Technology Awareness among Teacher Educators, International Journal of Information and Education Technology. Vol. 6, No.8, August, 2016. Page -603-606.
A STUDY OF SOCIAL NETWORKING AWARENESS OF PRE SERVICE TEACHERS

Mr. Rajendra Chandrakant Thigale

Page No.: 3184 - 3192

 
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Alexander, Bryan.,(2006), Web 2.0: A New Wave of Innovation for Teaching and Learning? Aminuddin Hassan, Hafizan Juahir, Nur Syuhada Jamaludin, The Level of Environmental Awareness Among Students to Fulfill the Aspiration of National Philosophy of Education Bell, Steven J.(2006), Search Alternatives and Beyond Berger, Pam, (2010), Student Inquiry and Web 2.0 Berry, Shirley Ann,(1994), “Teacher’s opinion of Computer Assisted Instruction.(CAI).” Best John W. and V. Kahn (1992) Research in Education, New Delhi, Prentice – Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES OF TEACHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

Kamble Mohan S.

Page No.: 3193 - 3200

 Although there have been challenges to Teacher education in the past, these most recent calls for reform may provoke a fundamental change in Teacher education. This change may not occur as a direct response to calls for greater transparency and accountability, but rather because of the opportunity to reflect on the purpose of Teacher education, the role of colleges and universities in the new millennium, and emerging scientific research on how people learn. These disparate literatures have not been tied together in a way that would examine the impact of fundamental change from the policy level to the institutional level and to the everyday lives of college and university administrators, faculty and students. Now the time has come to create a second wave of institution building and of excellence in the fields of education, research and capability building. We need Teacher educated people who are skilled and who can drive our economy forward. When India can provide skilled people to the outside world then we can transfer our country from a developing nation to a developed nation very easily and quickly.
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Altbach, Philip G. (2006) The Private Teacher Education Revolution: An Introduction. University News. January 2-8, 2006. Vol. 44 No.01. Anandakrishnan, M. (2006) Privatization of Teacher education: Opportunities and anomalies. ‘Privatization and commercialization of Teacher education’ organized by NIEPA , May 2, 2006., New Delhi Delors, Jacques (1996) Learning the treasure within. Report to UNESCO of the International Commission on Education for the Twenty-first Century. UNSECO Publishing, Paris. MHRD (2006) Annual Report. Ministry of Human Resource Development, Department of Secondary and Teacher education. Government of India. New Delhi. Planning Commission (1999) Approach paper to the Tenth Five-year Plan (2002- 2007). Planning Commission. New Delhi. Stella, Antony (2002) External quality assurance in Indian Teacher education: Case study of the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC). International Institute for Educational Planning. Paris. UGC (2005) Research Handbook: Towards nurturing research culture in Teacher education institutions in India. University Grants Commission. New Delhi.
CREATION OF BRAIN-FRIENDLY ENVIRONMENT AND LEARNING

Rajeshree Gahininath Jaybhaye

Page No.: 3201 - 3205

 

Creation of Brain-friendly environment and Learningis a comprehensive approach to instruction using current research from neuroscience. Brain-based education emphasizes how the brain learns naturally and is based on what we currently know about the actual structure and function of the human brain at varying developmental stages. Using the latest neural research, educational techniques that are brain friendly provide a biologically driven framework for creating effective instruction.Designers of educational tools must be artistic in their creation of brain-friendly environments. Teachers need to realize that the best way to learn is not through lecture, but by participation in realistic environments that let learners try new things safely
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Caine, G., Nummela-Caine, R., & Crowell, S. (1999) Mindshifts: A Brain-Based Process for Restructuring Schools and Renewing Education, 2nd edition. Tucson, AZ: Zephyr Press. Caine, G., Nummela-Caine, (1997) Education on the edge of possibility. Alexandria, VA: ASCD--Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
STUDIES ON FUNGAL DIVERSITY ASSOCIATED WITH THE CARROT, RADISH AND ONION

Dhekle N. M.

Page No.: 3206 - 3213

 During the present studies the common vegetables of the study region such as Carrot (Daucus carota), Radish (Raphanus sativus) and Onion (Allium cepa) were collected directly from the fields and from the local vegetable markets. They were screened for the incidence of fungal diversity associated with them by moist blotter plate method. The fungi like Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. nidulans, A. fumigatus, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera tetramera, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium moniliforme, Penicillium spp., Chaetomium globosum, Collectotrichum fulcatum, Macophormina phaseolina, Rhizoctonia solani and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be associated with the test vegetables and their seeds. The fungi like Alternaria tenuis, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Curvularia lunata, Drechslera tetramera, Fusarium moniliforme and Rhizopus stolonifer were found to be common and dominant on the test vegetables.
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Agarwal, V. K. (1981). Seed-borne fungi and viruses of some important crops. Research Bulletin, G. B. Pant University of Agric. and Technol. Pantnagar, pp.108. Baird, R.E. (2004): Pod and seed mycoflora of transgenic and conventional soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) cultivars in Mississippi. Mycopathologia. 157(2): 207-215. Bodke, S. S., A. S. Kandhare, D.U. Gawai and S. S. Wadje (2005): Screening of root extracts of different plants against seed mycoflora, seed germination and seedling emergence of Pennisetum typhoides Burm. J. Bot. Soc. Uni. Sagar, 2005, vol. No. 40: 43-50.
INDIAN AGRICULTURE ETHICAL PROSPECTS ECONOMY SOCIETY & ENVIRONMENT LAMENTING FINANCIAL INSECURITY TO FARMING COMMUNITY

Vallabhaneni Sarada

Page No.: 3213 - 3221

 
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Agriculture's share in GDP declines to 13.7% in 2012-13 http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-kerala/state-to-switch-fully-to-organic-farming-by-2016-mohanan/article6517859.ece State of Indian Agriculture 2011-12. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, March 2012 Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation website Indian Council for Agricultural Research Home Page.
IMPORTANCE OF SECURITIES MARKET’S IN THE INTENSIFICATION OF INDIAN ECONOMY: A REVIEW

T. Radha Krishna

Page No.: 3222 - 3228

 The financial markets (banks and the securities markets) finance economic growth. They channelize savings to investments and thereby de-couple these two activities. As a result, savers and investors are not constrained by their individual abilities, but by the economy’s ability to invest and save respectively, which inevitably enhances savings and investment in the economy. To the extent the growth of an economy depends on the rate of savings and investment, financial markets promote economic growth. The banks and securities markets are two competing mechanisms to channel savings to investment. The securities markets score over banks in the allocation efficiency, as it allocates savings to those investments which have potential to yield higher returns. This inevitably leads to higher returns to savers on their savings and higher productivity on investments to enterprises. Hence to the extent economic growth depends on the rate of return on investments, securities market promotes economic growth.
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Kaur, M and Sharma, R. Impact of FIIs on the volatility of share prices Securities Market Operations and Reforms, NSE papers 2004. Kehal, H.S., Foreign Investment in developing countries, Macmillan, 2004, New York. Levine, Ross, and Sara Zervos. 1996. “Stock Market Development and Long-Run Growth.” World Bank Economic Review, Vol. 10. Sakriya, D. (2000) .SEBI and Securities Market in India., Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
A STUDY OF EFFECT OF RECITATION OF OM ON THE MENTAL FATIGUE OF THE STUDENT TEACHERS

Sangita Shirode

Page No.: 3229 - 3234

 
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Datir G.D. (2004), Bhartiy Yog Sadhana,Pune, Bhartiy Vichar Sadhana Prakashan. Kulkarni Pratibha J.,(2010),Stotra Mantrache Vidnyan, Pune, Prasad Prakashan. Mayavati Memorial edition,(2008), The Complete Works Of SWAMI VIVEKANAND, Kolkata, Adwaita Ashrama Publication. Rajhans Gyan , “The Power of Mantra Chanting, Why and How to Chant.” www.svyasa.org http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/extra/bl-conributors.htm#gr yogaindailylife.blogspot.com/2007/.../power-of-om-aum-chanting.ht...
A STUDY OF URBAN AND RURAL HIGH SCHOOL BOYS AND GIRLS IN RELATION TO THE CREATIVITY

Shobha V. Kalebag

Page No.: 3235 - 3238

 
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A.R.Rather "Creativity its recognition and development" 2006, New Delhi, published by Sarup and sons. Dr. Mahender Reddy Sarasani "Creativity in schools", 2006, New Delhi published by sarup and sons Local level planning and rural development (united nations Asian and pacific development) institute printed by Ashok Kumar Mittal. M. Asch "creativity and personality", New Delhi, published by IVY publication House. M. Dash and Neena Dash, "Fundamentally of educational Psychology" 2003, New Delhi, published by Atlantic publishers and industries. Noor Asma : "Creativity in B.Ed. Teacher trainees-2004, New Delhi, published by discovery publishing house S.K.Mangal "Advanced Educational Psychology" 2002, New Delhi, published by Asoke publication. S.K.Mangal "Educational psychology" published by Tondon publication, Ludhiyana Sharma Promila "Comparative Educative Education", New Delhi, published by KaulBhushan Nangira T. Raja Sekhar Reddy "Creativity in student teachers", Delhi, published by discovery publishing house. Y. Sudhakar Reddy, D.Bhaskara Rao, "Creativity in adoleshcents-2003, New Delhi, published by discovery publishing house.
EVALUATION OF FAMILY PLANNING POLICIES AND CONTRACEPTIVE USE AMONG RURAL AREAS OF DISTRICT MATHURA IN UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA

Laxmi

Page No.: 3239 - 3244

 The National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) has been launched by the Hon’ble Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 12th April 2005. The architectural corrections enshrined in the Preamble of NRHM document primarily comprised of decentralization, organizational structural reforms in health sector, inter-sectoral convergence, public private partnership in health sector, mainstreaming Indian system of medicines under Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Sidha and Homeopathy (AYUSH), induction of management and financial personnel into health care management and delivery system. The NRHM vision envisaged provision of effective health care to rural population which had weak public health indicators and weak infrastructure. The strategic options before the Mission included integration of RCH, family welfare, and national programs of disease control under NRHM to achieve desired population stabilization goals. However, the National AIDS and Cancer programs were not integrated to the NRHM scheme. ‘Janani  Suraksha  Karyakram’ (JSK), a part of ‘NRHM’ recent initiative and further moving in the direction of health care to provide ‘to and fro’ free transport services, for safe maternity & child care, free drugs, free diagnosis, free food, free diet to pregnant ladies who come for delivery in govt. health institutions and risk infants up to one year; Free ambulance services are provided at every nook connected with a toll free number and reaches within 30 minutes of call. Regarding family planning issues ‘ASHAs’ play a significant role in the promotion of breast feeding. A development functionary is a catalyst in the process of social development through ‘NRHM’. The functionaries act as a friend, guide & teacher for the public. These personnel act as link-up between the govt. and target groups. Regarding the various activities in which they participate to subsist their role are family welfare program, pulse polio, safe maternity and child care, effective free referral hospital care at community level, registration of pregnant women at hospitals and their regular checkups for their safe pregnancies, health targets of the government given to hospitals, to provide contraceptives for married ladies, inserting for sterilization (Copper-T, loop, IUD/CC-users/oral pills users), diagnose diseases and refer them to government hospitals for treatment/disease control, and help in health care programs & carried out successfully. The functions & work activities of ‘ASHAs’ are : (1) To identify the pregnant women as beneficiaries & report for registration for NAC. (2) To assist the target woman to obtain necessary certifications where ever necessary. (3) To provide help the women in receiving at least three ANC checkups including TT injections, contraceptive tablets. (4) To identify a functional Govt. health centre/an accredited private centre for referral and delivery. (5) To counsel for institutional delivery of contraceptives. (6) To escort the beneficiary women to the pre-determined health centre. (7To inform about the birth/death of the child or mother to ANM/MO. (8) To postnatal visits within 7 days of delivery to track mother’s health after delivery & facilitate in obtaining care and to suggest family planning. (9) To counsel for initiation of contraceptive methods, and to promote for family planning. Each beneficiary registered under ‘JSY’ have a card along with a MCH card, this will effectively help in Antenatal checkup & the post-delivery care.
Key Words:  Role, Awareness, Attitude, Participation, Health, Family planning.
 
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National Sample Survey Organization, Govt. of India, New Delhi 2011, Vol. XXIV, No. 40, p. 3 National Development & Strategies Circular, Govt. of India, 2011 Gaikwad Veerish Chand; Panchayat, Bureaucracy and Development in rural India, NICD, Hyderabad, 2013, p. 101 Agrawala P.K. ; The Nurses : At work; Indian Journal of Community Health,Chandigarh, Vol.20, No. 10, p. 37, 2007 .Sengupta A & Rudra Prakash ; The Development of Health Care: An Analysis, TIJMR, 2012, 31(12): 84 Khanna H.K. (et.al.) ; A Study of Deliveries of PHCs of Chamoli District of Uttrakhand, Published article in ‘Journal of Health Education’, Deharadun, Vol. 15, Ank 6, 2013, p. 40-44 Mathur Shiv Chand ; ‘NRHM’- Practice & Perception of Medical Education, AIIMS, Delhi, pub. Article, 2011, p. 37 Khan Z. (et.al.) ; Poor Perinatal Poor Care services, IJCM, Century Pub. New Delhi, 2009, Vol. 34, 102-107 Singhal Ravi Prakash ; A Study of Awareness and political participation among the Women of Scheduled Caste’s of Agra district of U.P., Pub. Article in ‘Social Change’, New Delhi, June 1998, p. 31-38 Srivastav P.C. ; A Study of participation of B.P.L. Groups in ‘Panchayat Raj Election’ – A case study of Meerut Block, Pub. paper in ‘Samajiki’
CUSTOMER EXPECTIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF SERVICE QUALITY AND THE RESULTANT FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS IN SELECT BANKS IN INDIA

Ms. Rinkey Priya Bali

Page No.: 3245 - 3254

 Banking in India is, generally, fairly mature in terms of supply, product range and reach-even though reach in rural India still remains a challenge for the private sector and foreign banks. In terms of quality of assets and capital adequacy, Indian banks are considered to have clean, strong and transparent balance sheets relative to other banks in comparable economies in its region. Fresh induction of public stake and corporate governance in government owned banks has brought the element of stiff competition in the environment with greater adoption of the new technologies and ideas, renewed perception of service quality along with the high degree of professional management and marketing concepts in the Indian Banking system. The present paper thus focused on evaluating and comparing customer’s perceptions and expectations of service quality of select banks and subsequently measuring the gaps in the quality of services in select banks. Further the paper attempted to study the financial implications of the gaps obtained. For the purpose of data collection, questionnaires were administered to the customers of four banks. . The total sample was of 100 customers. Cronbach alpha, ranking, means, line charts, gap analysis given by Parasuraman (1992) were used for the purpose of the analysis. The analysis revealed that the public sector banks were outperforming the private sector banks. Further, lower service quality gaps were seen too be directly related to higher performance.
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Parsuraman A., Zeithaml, Valerie A. and Berry, Leonard L. (1991) ‘Refinement & Reassessment of SERVQUAL scale’; Journal of Retailing, 67:4, 420-450. Parsuraman A., Zeithaml, Valerie A. and Berry, Leonard L. (1994) ‘Reassessment of Expectations as a Comparison Standard in Measuring Service Quality: Implications for Future Research’, Journal of Marketing, 58:February, 201-230. Brown, Tom J., Churchill Jr, Gilbert A. and Peter, J. Paul (1993) ‘Improving the Measurement of Service Quality’; Journal of Retailing ,69:1, 127-139. Business Today, 2003, ‘India’s Best Banks, BT-KPMG Survey’, 12:24, Nov.24-Dec 7, Delhi, 66-71. Babakus, Emin and Boller, Gregory W.(1992) ‘An Empirical Assessment of SERVQUAL Scale’, Journal of Business Research 24:3, 253-268. Brady, Michael, K. and Cronin, Joseph, J. Jr. (2001),‘Some New Thoughts on Conceptualizing Perceived Service Quality: A hierarchical Approach’, Journal of Marketing, 65:3, 34-49. Cronin J., Joseph Jr. and Taylor, Taylor, Stephen A. (1992) ‘Measuring Service Quality: A Reexamination and Extension’, Journal of Marketing, 56, 55-68. Debasish, Satyhya Swaroop (2003) ‘Service Quality in Commercial Banks: A Comparative Analysis of Selected Banks in Delhi’, Indian Journal of Marketing, 33:3, 3-9. Wisniewski, M. (2001), "Using SERVQUAL to assess customer satisfaction with public sector services", Managing Service Quality, Vol.11, No.6, pp. 380-388.
EFFICACY OF VITAMIN C FOR MITIGATING PRE TRANSPORTATION STRESS OF CATLA CATLA (HAMILTON, 1822) FINGERLING IN CONTEXT TO CORTISOL

Manoj M Ghughuskar, Neelam Saharan, P. P. Shrivastava, A. K. Reddy and M. M. Shirdhankar

Page No.: 3255 - 3264

Catla catla fingerlings are given pre transportation stress i.e. handling, confinement and air exposure stress. These fingerlings were divided into two group one group (i.e. handling) and another group (i.e. without handling). Fishes of handling and without handling group was fed with and without vitamin –C for 4weeks duration and weekly sampling was done on 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day .From each test group fishes are removed weekly and anesthetized for blood collection. Blood serum has been used for determining cortisol, .Here there is no significant interaction between condition (i.e. handling and without handling) and vitamin C concentration (i.e.T0(0mg/kg), T1(300mg/kg), T2(600mg/kg), T3(900mg/Kg), T4(1200mg/Kg) and T5(1500mg/Kg)) on cortisol, on 7th day, sampling but there is significant interaction(p<0.05) between condition and vitamin C concentration on haemoglobin, Serum Protein ,albumin on 7th day sampling . But from 14th day up to 28th day sampling there is significant interaction (p<0.05) between condition and vitamin C concentration on Plasma cortisol, The level of cortisol, significantly differed (p<0.05)between T0 and other treatments (i.e. T1,T2,T3,T4,T5) but not significantly different between the treatment T4(1200mg/Kg) and T5(1500mg/Kg). So economically 1200mg/kg vitamin C supplemented in feed for 14days or more can effectively ameliorate the pre transportation stress of catla fingerlings. Keywords:,Catla catla; fingerlings; pre transportation stress; Vitamin C; Cortisol
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Barton B. A. and Iwama G. K. (1991).Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids.Annual Review of Fish Diseases,1:3-26. Barton, B. A. and C. B. Schreck. 1987. Influences of acclimation temperature on interrenal and carbohydrate stress responses in juvenile chinook salmon (Oncorhynchustshawytscha). Aquaculture 62:299–310. Basrur T. V., Longland R. and Wilkinson R. J. ( 2010). Effects of repeated crowding on the stress response and growth performance in Atlantic salmon (Salmosalar).Fish Physiology Biochemistry, 36:445-50. Chatterjee, N., Pal, A. K., Das, T., Mohammed, M. S., Sarma, K., Venkateshwarlu, G., and Mukherjee, S. C. (2006). Secondary stress responses in Indian major carps Labeorohita (Hamilton), Catlacatla (Hamilton) and Cirrhinusmrigala (Hamilton) fry to increasing packing densities. Aquaculture Research,37(5), 472-476. Chen R.Lochmann,R., Goodwin,A.,Parveen ,K.,Dobrowski ,K.andLee,K.J.(2004). Effect of dietary vitamin C and E on alternative complement activity, haematology tissue composition, vitamin concentration and response to heat stress in juvenile golden shiner (Notemigonuscrysoleucas) Aquaculture 242,553-569. Dabrowski, K., 1990. Ascorbic acid status in the early life of whitefish (Coregonuslavaretus L.).Aquaculture 84, 61-70.
EVALUATION OF ZIRCONIA NANOFILLER AND BRASS ALLOY ASSEMBLY BY X-RAY RADIOGRAPHY

Surendra Singh

Page No.: 3265 - 3273

Zirconia samples were linked with brass alloy using different nanofiller types. These nanofillers were formed with different concentrations of copper, silver, and titanium nanopowder metals. They were prepared by mixing powders, compacting them by pressure, and sintering them by tube furnace with argon atmosphere at 1200?°C for 50?min. Zirconia/brass assemblies were joined in a vacuum furnace with the pressure of 2?×?10?5?torr at 900?°C for 15?min. X-ray radiography was used to evaluate and detect the defect in the contact area. Some defects were detected. The shear test was achieved to determine the joint strength. Finally, a relationship was found between X-ray radiography and the shear test. Keywords: Radiography; zirconia; nanofiller; brass alloy
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J. Intrater, The challenge of bonding metals to ceramics, Machine Design, 61 (1989), 95–100. W. M. Shakier, A. Kadhim, and A. Z. Mohammed, Corrosion inhibitor for st-37 alloy by laser shock peening technique, J Adv Electrochem, 2 (2016), 56–59. A. Roth, Vacuum Sealing Techniques, Pregamon Press, Oxford, 1st ed., 1966. R. S. Jawad, A. Kadhim, S. M. Fayadh, and T. K. Abed, Improvement of the fatigue resistance and increase its life of specimens of naval brass alloy using laser shock wave processing, J Nanosci Technol, 2 (2016), 69–72. A. Kadhim, R. S. Jawad, N. H. Numan, and R. J. Al-Azawi, Determination the wear rate by using XRF technique for kovar alloy under lubricated condition, Int J Comput Appl Sci, 2 (2017), 1–5. D.M. Jamil, A. K. Al-Okbi, S. B. Al-Baghdadi, A. A. Al-Amiery, A. Kadhim, T. S. Gaaz, et al., Experimental and theoretical studies of Schiff bases as corrosion inhibitors, Chem Cent J, 12 (2018), 7. S. M. Faydh, A. Kadhim, and E. T. Salim, Effect of the laser shock processing on wear resistance of brass alloy, Eng Technol J, 32 (2014), 998–1008. A. Feng, B. J. McCoy, Z. A. Munir, and D. Cagliostro, Wettability of transition metal oxide surfaces, Mater Sci Eng A, 242 (1998), 50–56.
SATSANGATI EK JIVAN MARGADARSHAK MULYA

S. K. Pundir

Page No.: 3274 - 3278

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