SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

This work compared two methods of instructions such as blended and traditional instruction to see their influence on engagement in learning of 50 regular students of BA first semester on a course developed in psychology. The 25 students of experimental group were taught by blended instructions (70% online and 30% traditional) and 25 students of control group were taught through traditional instructions (face-to-face lecture method in a traditional classroom). The students\\\\\\\' post-test scores on engagement in learning were examined by applying t-test to find out if there were significant differences between the experimental and control group. Findings of the study indicated blended instructions to be effective in improving engagement of students in learning than traditional instructions.

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Allen, E., Seaman, J., & Garrett, R. (2007). Blending in: The extent and promise of Blended Education in United States. The Sloan- Consortium, USA. Retrieved October 14, 2013 from sloanconsortium.org/publications/survey/pdf/Blending_In.pdf Al-Soraiey-Alqahtani, A. A. Y. (2010). Effectiveness of using E-learning, blended learning and traditional learning on students' achievement and attitudes in a course on Islamic culture. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Durham, England, UK). Retrieved December 25, 2013 from http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/817/ Axelson, R. D., & Flick, A. (2011). Defining student engagement. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning. Retrieved December 27, 2013 from http://www.changemag.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/2011/January-February%202011/student-engagement-abstract.html Carini, R. M., Kuh, G. D., & Klein, S. P. (2006). Student engagement and student learning:Testing the linkages. Research in Higher Education, 47 (1), 1-32. Retrieved on March 2, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11162-005-8150-9 Dogra, A. & Dutt, S. (2016a). Online learning in undergraduate psychology course- Its effect on students’ achievement. Innovative Research in Applied Science and Technology, 2 (2), 1-5. http://www.iriasat.com/past-issue-details.html?AID=10 Dogra & Dutt. (2016b). Effect of online learning in psychology course on undergraduate students’ engagement in learning. Journal of Issues and Ideas in Education,4 (1), doi: 10.15415/iie.2016.41002 Downing, C.E., Spears, J., & Holtz, M. (2014). Transforming a course to blended learning for student engagement. Education Research International, 14. Retrieved August, 2015 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/430732 Driscoll, M. (2002). Blended learning: Lets go beyond the hype. IBM Global Services. Retrieved November 23, 2013 from www-07.ibm.com/services/pdf/blended_learning.pdf Dziuban, C. D., Hartman, J. L., & Moskal, P. D. (2004). Blended learning. Educause Centerfor Applied Research Bulletin, 2004 (7), 2-12. Retrieved October 11, 2013 fromhttp://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0407.pdf Fredricks, J. A., Blumenfeld, P. C., & Paris, A. H. (2004). School engagement: Potential of the concept, state of evidence. Review of Educational Research, 72 (1), 59-109. Retrieved October 15, 2013 from http://rer.sagepub.com/content/74/1/59.pdf Junco, R., Heibergert, G., & Loken, E. (2010). The effect of twitter on college student engagement and grades. Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 1-14. Retrieved January5, 2014 from www.ferris.edu/htmls/administration/.../StudentEngagementArticle.pdf,?doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2010.00387.x Lee, L. T., & Hung, J. C. (2015). Effects of blended e-learning: a case study in higher education tax learning setting. Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, 5 (13), Retrieved on July 25, 2015. doi: 10.1186/s13673-015-0024-3 Murphy, C. A., & Stewart, J. C. (2015). The impact of online or F2F lecture choice on student achievement and engagement in a large lecture-based science course: closing the gap. Online Learning Journal, 19 (3), Retrieved July 12, 2015 from http://olj.onlinelearningconsortium.org/index.php/olj/article/view/536 Neumann, D. L., & Hood, M. (2009). The effects of using wiki on student engagement and learning of report writing skills in a university statistics course. Australasian Journal ofEducational Technology, 25 (3), 382-398. Retrieved January 6, 2014 from www98.griffith.edu.au/dspace/bitstream/handle/10072/.../59677_1.pdf?... Northey, G., Bucic, T., Chylinski, M., & Govind, R. (2013). Increasing student engagement usingasynchronous learning. Journal of Marketing Education. doi: 10.1177/027347531558981. Retrieved November 29, 2015 from http://jmd.sagepub.com/content/early/2015/06/03/0273475315589814.abstract Oliver, M. & Trigwell, K. (2005). Can 'Blended learning' be redeemed?, E-Learning and DigitalMedia, 2 (1), 17-26. Retrieved October 15, 2013, from http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/elea.2005.2.1.17 Poon. J. (2002). Use of blended learning to enhance the student learning experience and engagement in property education. Property Management, 30 (2), pp. 129-156. Retrieved October, 2014 from http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02637471211213398 Tay, H. Y., & Wang, S. (2016). Investigating engagement in a blended learning course. Cogent Education, 3 (1). Retrieved March 2, 2016 from http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2331186X.2015.1135772#.Vtb1B3JunIV Tuncay, N., & Uzunboylu, H. (2011). Faces are better than monitors. International Journal of Learning and Teaching, 3(1), 10-22. Retrieved June 5, 2013 from www.world-education-center.org/index.php/ijlt/article/download/.../158 Wrenn, V. (2016). Effects of traditional and online instructional models on student achievement outcomes. (Doctoral dissertation) University of Liberty, Lynchburg, VA. Retrieved March 15, 2016 from http://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/1135/

The setting in which a professional functions has a great deal of relevance for role-playing. In actual situations a particular setting may or may not be adequately facilitating for the proper role-playing of the professional. His/her success or failure in this regard can reasonably be attributed, at least in part, to the factor in setting. A study of role-activities of a category of professionals, therefor, entails a discussion of their professional settings. Professional needs to have adequate access to certain equipment or facilities for proper and effective role-performance. The work conditions of the teachers can also be viewed as a part of their professional setting. The quantum of teaching workload the teachers have; number of courses they have to teach; and other extra-academic duties, which they have to do, are crucially consequential for their professional activities. A teacher overburdened with the institutionally assigned teaching and non-teaching work may find him/her worn out to do his/her teaching work intellectually effective or to involve himself/herself in other intellectual activities. This paper is an endeavour to make study of professional status, role adjustment and role conflict of working women of selected secondary school teachers.

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Astique, Shanta B(2002). "Changing Role and Status of Working Women in Modern India: A Case Study of Educated Working Women in Gulberga City ” University News, Vol. 40, No. 13 & No. 49, 2002 Bhoite, U.B., (1987), Sociology of Indian Intellectuals, Rawat Publications, Jaipur. Biddle, B.J. and Thomas, E.H., (Ed.) (1966), Role Theory: Concepts and Research, John Wilet and Sons, New York. p. 20. Dan, C. Lortie, (1975), School Teacher: A Sociological Study, University of Chicago Press, London, pp. 10-13. Edwards, Shills, (1961), The Intellectual between Tradition and Modernity: The Indian Situation, Mouton and Co., The Hague. Edwards, Shills, (1972), "The Traditions of Intellectuals Life" in The Intellectuals and the Powers and Other Essays, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago, p. 77.

Agricultural marketing committees helped all farmers for the immediate sale of all agricultural products.  In the same way it helped for the immediate sale of betelvine leaves. Agricultural produce marketing committee not only facilitated farmers for immediate sale of betel leaves but also encouraged farmers to grow more of betel leaves. Betelvine leaves were known as perishable and so required immediate sales. Cultivators did not know the knack of quick marketing and so they were dependent on commission agents. As soon as cultivators plucked the leaves, they sent the leaves to the market for sales. Cultivators packed them into an appropriate package, known as a dag.  In the evening all the dags were collected by agents who carried all dags by their own or hired tempos or trucks to the determined markets. Price was recognized as an expression in terms of money.  Generally, price covered cost of production plus profit to disclose the efficiency of production.  Price was measured as an important element to collect revenue as the price was a charge on sales. Price was the primary element of marketing mix. Price induced the cultivation of betelvine for the favorable decision making. Cultivators selected the suitable marketing area which yielded sufficient surplus income. Cultivators preferred their options in the selection of intermediaries for the immediate sale of betel leaves.  Cultivators dispatched the matured betel leaves for sale at highest prices to intermediaries to fulfill the basic aspiration.  Price was determined on the basis of supply of leaves, quantity, maturity, color, size of leaves etc.  In Sangli, there was no an organized market for the scientific sale of betel leaves.  Intermediaries played a solid role to influence price that produced expected profit. Cultivators relied to tally on agents who were well converts and with the market tactics and cultivators were much busy with their routine work of cultivation. Betelvine leaves were sold on auction and on bargains by intermediaries.  Better price was offered to better quality of betel leaves.  During social and cultural celebration demand of betel leaves was increased and price automatically hiked.  Mumbai, Kolhapur, Sangli, Chiplun, Fonda and many parts of Kokan region were the main market for the sale of Sangli betel leaves.  Betelvine cultivators in Sangli district not only earned income but also claimed good reputation in the various markets.  Cultivators collected dues after one week for their sale from Sangli, Kolhapur, Chiplun, and Fonda and after a month from Mumbai agents. Local commission agents also paid the dues to the concerned cultivators after one week.

Key Words: Betel leaves, challenges, commission agents, auction method of sale

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Maiti Satyabrata Ed. S. Nagrajan, The Betelvine Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, 1989. Jana B. L., Betelvine – A Traditional Cash Crop of Rural India. Agrotech Publications, Udaipur, 2006. B. J. P. Chaurasia, Betelvine Cultivation and Management of Diseases, Scientific, Jodhapur, 2001. Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Ministry of Rural Development, Marketing of Betel Leaves in India, Faridabad, 1983. Balasubrahmaniyan P. (Eds. S. D. Khanduja and V. R. Balasubrahmanyam) Nematode Problems of Betelvine in Tamil Nadu, National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 1984. Rahudkar V. B. Panmala (Marathi Edition), Continental Prakashan, Vijaya Nagar, Pune, 1992. Anonymous, Marketing of Betel Leaves in India, Directorate of Marketing and Inspection, Ministry of Rural Development, Govt. of India, Faridabad, 1983. Anonymous, Betelvine Research Highlights (1981-1997), All India Coordinated Research Project on Betelvine, Indian Institute of Horticultural Research, Bangalore, 1998. Vikas Singal, Handbook of Indian Agricultural, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi 1995: P 494-495.

Home science has developed to a great extent but it still has a long way to go. In spite of its high ideals and goals, Home Science does not seem to have a significant place in our education system. In spite of the formulation of many policies, the Home Science education has failed to attract the desired clientele of the society. Therefore, the need was felt to explore into the causative factors which are responsible directly or indirectly in obstructing the growth of the subject. In this regard, the paper attempts to examine the need for reformulating the home science syllabus at senior secondary level and change in its nomenclature Keywords: Home Science, Curriculum, Syllabi

 

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Bhargava & Tarachand (2005). Encyclopaedia of Home Science, Vol I, New Delhi: Commonwealth Publishers. Desai, Chitra. (1976). “Girls Education and Social Change”. Educational Publishers. Devdas, R. (1969). “Teaching Home Science in Secondary Schools”. NCERT http://hearth.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=hearth;idno=6060826_5315_001

The investigation was carried out with the objective to find out the effects of culture, gender and stream   on learning styles of school students studying in Shimla and Dharamshala city of Himachal Pradesh. The survey was carried out among 555 senior secondary students of Indian and Tibetan culture. Samplewas drawn by random cluster method.The tools for the collection of data wereKolb’s learning styles inventory and Schmech’s Inventory of learning processes. Three-way Analysis of Variance was used for the analysis of data.The study ascertained the difference in thinking, learning and decision making styles of Indian and Tibetan culture groups of senior secondary students and it was revealed that thinking, learning and decision making styles may follow specific cultures.The present research also led to the inferences that gender and stream were significant with reference to learning styles.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Keywords: Culture, Gender, Stream andLearning Styles 

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Catalyst. 2003. Address diverse learning styles. Center for Teaching, Learning Technologies. University of Washington, http:// catalyst.washington.edu/catalyst/method/le arning_styles.html (accessed March 18, 2003). Dunn, R.Dunn, K.and Price, G.E. (1975) Learning style Inventory (LSI) Lawrence, Kans : Price Systems. Elfant,A.B. 2002 a study of relationship between intregartive studies freshmen learning style and their ibstructor learning style reprseted by student course achievement. dai, 2002,VOL.63(3)875-A.,875-A Felder, R. M. 1996. Matters of style. ASEE Prism 6 (4): 18–23 Goodenough , R.D. and Witkin, H.A. (1997) Origins of field Dependence- Independence Cognitive Style. ResearchBulletin, Educational Testing Service, Provincetown New Jersey. Grasha, A. F. 1996. Teaching with style. Pittsburgh, PA: Alliance. In D. P. Diaz and R. B. Cartnal, 1999. Students’ learning style in two classes. College Teaching 47 (4): 130–35. Hilberg, R. S. & Tharp, R.G. (2002). Theoretical perspectives, research findings, and classroom implications of the learning styles of American Indian and Alaska Native Students. Charleston, WV: ERIC Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED468000).

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Crain, W.C. Theories of Development. Prentice Hall, New Jersey, 1980. Sousa, D.A. (2006). How the brain learns. California: Corwin Press Jennifer R.States and Fisher (2006). Psychosocial differences between left-handed and right handed children.. Mc Manus I.C. 2002 Research Into left-handedness and its effects time Retrieved Dec.13 Coates .E.F(1996) The left handed “Their Sinister” history Hackney,C.S.(1997).Left handed in a right handed world. Betty Edwards (2012). Drawing On the Right Side of the Brain, Teacher /Penguin New York. http://www.indiana.edu/~primate/brain.html https://www.zaner-bloser.com/news/left-handed-child-right-handed-world http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/handedness.aspx

The present study was planned to investigate the effect of up and downhill running regime on 5000-meter running performance of boy’s athletes. To conduct the study, 50 male athletes who competed in district level athletic competitions were selected as sample. The age range of the selected subjects was between 16 to 18 years. These selected subjects then divided into two groups i.e. experiment and control group with equal number of subjects assigned randomly in each group. The subjects of experimental group underwent up and down hill running as per the training schedule of eight weeks along with usual exercises whereas subjects of control group did not perform up and down hill running. Results indicate that eight weeks of up and downhill running during training period has been instrumental in improved performance in 5000m timings of athletes from experimental group as compared to athletes constituting the control group. It was concluded that up and downhill running should be included in training programme for athletes taking part in 5000m athletic event.

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Costello, F. (1976). Resisted and assisted training to improve speed. Track Field Q Rev., 81:27. Dintiman, G. S. (1974). What research tells the coach about. Washington DC: AAHPER publications; 1974. Kunz, H. and Kaufmann, D. (1981). Biomechanics of hill sprinting. Track Technique,; 82:2603–2605. Paradisis, G. and Cooke, C.B. (2001) Kinematic and postural characteristics of sprint running of sloping surfaces. J Sports Sci.; 19:149–159. Paradisis, G.; Cooke, C.B. and Bissas, A. (1988). Sloping surface sprinting kinematics and running posture. J Sports Sci.; 16:13–14.

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Barry, K. & King, L. (1998) Beginning Teaching and Beyond, Social Science Press, Australia Baumeser, R. F. Ed (1993) Self-Esteem - The Puzzle of Low Self-Regard, Plenum Press, New York Joseph, J.M. (1994) The Resilient Child: Preparing Today's Youth for Tomorrow's World, Insight Books, New York Loomans, D. & Loomans, J. (1994) Full Esteem Ahead - 100 Ways to Build Self-Esteem in Children & Adults, H. J. Kramer Inc Rijers,Kell et al, “The Role of Self Understanding in the Prediction of Behavior.” University of Chikago. Solomon, R. (1992) Full Esteem Ahead - Keys To Strong Personal Values and Positive Self-Esteem, Kincaid House Publishing, Newport Beach, California Van Ness, R. (1995) Raising Self-Esteem of Learners, Phi Delta Kappa Education Foundation, Indiana

Much of the thinking done in formal education emphasizes the skills of analysis-teaching students how to understand, follow or create a logical argument, figure out the answer, eliminate the incorrect paths and focus on the correct one. However, there is another kind of thinking, one that focuses on exploring ideas, generating possibilities, looking for many right answers rather than just one. Both of these kinds of thinking are vital to a successful working life, which is none other than Critical Thinking. The definition of critical thinking has changed somewhat over the past decade. Originally the dominion of cognitive psychologists and philosophers, behaviorally-oriented psychologists and content specialists has recently joined the discussion. The following are some examples of attempts to define critical thinking:

·         ...the ability to analyse facts, generate and organize ideas, defend opinions, make comparisons, draw inferences, evaluate arguments and solve problems (Chance,1986, p. 6);

·         ...a way of reasoning that demands adequate support for one\\\'s beliefs and an unwillingness to be persuaded unless support is forthcoming (Tama, 1989, p. 64);

·         ...involving analytical thinking for the purpose of evaluating what is read (Hickey, 1990, p. 175);

·         Critical thinking is the disciplined mental activity of evaluating arguments or propositions and making judgments that can guide the development of beliefs and taking action.  

Than come to Problem Solving, because these two are mainly considering in teaching and learning process,the Good problem solving skills empower managers in their professional and personal lives. Good problem solving skills seldom come naturally; they are consciously learnt and nurtured. The repertoire of good problem solving skills includes:

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Halpern. D. (1996) Thought and Knowledge: An Introduction to Critical Thinking. K.S. Joseph- Developing Critical thinking skills. Kurland. D.J. (1995) Definition of Critical Thinking. Beckmann, J. F., & Guthke, J. (1995). Complex problem solving, intelligence, and learning ability. In P. A. Frensch & J. Funke (Eds.), Complex problem solving: The European Perspective Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum AssociaStes. Couger, J. Daniel: Creative Problem Solving and Opportunity Finding. Hinsdale, Il: Boyd & Fraser, 1995. (Decision Making and Operations Management Series). Flood, Robert L: Solving Problem Solving: A Potent Force for Effective Management. New York, NY: Wiley, 1995. Lamb, David: Discovery, Creativity and Problem-Solving. Brookfield, VT: Avebury, 1991. Mayer, Richard E: Thinking, Problem Solving, Cognition. 2nd Ed. New York, NY: W.H. Freeman, 1992. Http://www.jstor.org www.highreach.com/highreach_cms/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket

Women empowerment in the context of women’s development is a way of defining, challenging and overcoming barriers in a women’s life through which she increases her ability to shape her life and environment. It is an active multidimensional process, which should enable women to realize their full identity and power in all spheres of life. India envisions a future in which Indian women are independent and self reliant. It is unfortunate that because of centuries of inertia, ignorance and conservatism, the actual and potential role of women in the society has been ignored, preventing them from making their rightful contribution to social progress. Women entrepreneurship development is an essential part of human resource development. Entrepreneurship amongst women has been a recent concern. Women have become aware of their existence their rights and their work situation. However, women of middle class are not too eager to alter their role in fear of social backlash. The progress is more visible among upper class families in urban cities. However it is observed the development of women entrepreneurship is very low in India, especially in the rural areas. The present paper is based on primary and secondary data collected from different sources and specially focus on women entrepreneurship. The collected data has been analyzed through statistical techniques i.e. SPSS, EXCEL and conclusion were drawn

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report of the committee on financial inclusion in india (Chairperson : C. Rangarajan ) (2008) Narayanan Memorial Lecture by Dr. Subir Gokarn, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India at Sastra University, Kumbakonam - Financial Inclusion: A Consumer Centric View on March 21, 2011 Reserve Bank Of India. Webside. Financial Inclusion in India: A case-study of West Bengal Financial Inclusion: A Consumer Centric View - VI V. Narayanan Memorial Lecture by Dr. Subir Gokarn, DG, RBI Financial Inclusion in India: A case-study of West Bengal Sadhan Kumar Chattopadhyay Ramakrishnan, R. (2007). ‘Micro Finance – Emerging Trends in Financial Management’, April 17. Available at http://www.indianmba.com/Faculty_Column/FC557/fc557.html Khandelwala, Anil K. (2007). “Microfinance Development Strategy for India”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XLII, No.13, March 31-April 6, pp. 1127-35. SSRN parer-Manisha Raj”study Microfinance institutions in India and its legal aspects” V. Basil Hans “ Innovations in Microfinance– Looking beyond income poverty” ssrn parer Dr. K. Ravichandran, Dr. Khalid Alkhathalan paper “financial inclusion is a path in which India’s future economic growth” Narayanan Memorial Lecture by Dr. Subir Gokarn, Deputy Governor, Reserve Bank of India at Sastra University, Kumbakonam - Financial Inclusion: A Consumer Centric View on March 21, 2011 Jayasheela, Dinesha P.T and V. Basil Hans “Financial Inclusion and Microfinance in India: An Overview” ssrn paper. Rangarajan C. (2007), Financial Inclusion: Some Key Issues, Lecture delivered at Mangalore University, Mangalore, and August 10, 2007

A hospital service is one of the most highly congested fields of hospitality services and faces a great deal of pressure, compared with any other hospitality services. Delays in the hospital system may result in difficulties of scheduling services at any units and decrease in patient satisfaction. So waiting times in health services is a wide spread problem which affects the quality of services as well. With the help of queuing analysis/waiting line model of every hospital it can be examined for every scenario that how much time a patient spent in queue and system and what is average time of waiting in queue and system in various time frames captured through the questionnaire. This analysis supports management to identify that in which time slot more effective management is required to reduce the service delays.

In this research paper for the purpose of data collection 2 public and 2 private hospitals of southern Rajasthan has been used.

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Arnoud, M. d, Rossum, A.C., Visser, M.C, and Koole, G.M. (2007) “Modeling the Emergency Cardiac In-patient Flow: An Application of Queuing Theory”, Revised Manuscript. Green, L.V., (2002) “How many Hospital Beds?” Inquiry, 37 (4), 400-412. Green, V.L., Soares, J., Giulio, J. and Green, R.(2006) “Using Queuing Theory to Increase the Effectiveness of Emergency Department Provides Staffing” Academic Emergency Medicine, 13, (1): 61-68. Hall, R., Benson, D., Mural, P. and Dessouky, M., (1990) “Modeling Patent Flows through the Healthcare System”, Revised Manuscript. Kim, S., Horowitz,I, Young, K. and Buckly, T (1999) “Analysis of Capacity Management of the Intensive Care Unit in a Hospital”, European Journal of Operational Research, 105:346- 355. McManus, M.C, Long, M.C, Cooper A.B and Litvak, E (2004) “Queuing Theory Accurately Models the Need for Critical Care Resources”, Anesthesiology, Vol. 100, No.5, pp. 1271-1276

Adolescence is the most crucial and significant period of an individual’s life. It is a complex transitional period that is developmentally distinct from childhood. During this period boys and girls move from childhood to adulthood, physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. The rapid growth of body brings about moodiness, irritability, emotional tension and restlessness. Some emotional characteristics marked during adolescence are heightening of emotions, variations in emotional moods, complexity in emotions, emotions of love, fear, anger, worry, jealousy etc. Peer pressure plays an important role in adolescents life. The adolescents have difficulty in adjusting to the needs and demands of parents and peer group standards which leads to different problem. Parents, school and society have joint responsibility for the desirable growth and development of adolescents.

Key words: Social and Emotional Problems, Adolescents.

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Aggarwal, J.C. (2014). Essential of Educational Psychology. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Bhatia. R. (2004. "Adolescents are a Generation Under Pressure," Journal of Indian Education, Vol. 30, No. 2. Biehler, R.F. and Snowman, J. (1997). Psychology Applied to Teaching. Newyork : Houghton Mifflin Company. Hurlock, E.B. (1990). Developmental Psychology - A Life Span Approach. New Delhi : Tata MC Graw Hill Pvt. Ltd. NCERT (2005) National Curriculum Frame Work -2005. New Delhi : National Council of Educational Research and Training. Piaget, J. (1969). “The Intellectual Development of the Adolescents”, in G. Caplan and S. Lebovici (Eds.). Adolescence Psychological Perspectives. New York: Basic Books. Skinner, C.E. (2001). Educational Psychology. New Delhi : Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Sharma. N. (1999). Understating Adolescence. New Delhi: National Book Trust of India. Sprinthall, N.A. and Sprinthall, R.C. (1996). Educational Psychology - A Developmental Approach. New York : Mc Graw – Hill Publishing Company. www.keepskidshealthy.com www.psychologicalasso.com

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Drucker, P.F. (1999) “Management’s New Paradigms”, Management Challenges for the 21st,Century, Harper Business, New York, pp. 1-41 Drucker, P.F. (2004) “August”, Maciariello, J.A., The Daily Drucker, Harper Business, New York, pp.16-23 Drucker, P.F. (1985) “The Practice of Innovation”, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice and Principles, Harper & Row, New York, pp. 19-33 Drucker, P.F. (1985) “The Practice of Entrepreneurship”, Innovation and entrepreneurship Practice and Principles, Harper & Row, New York, pp. 141-188 Drucker, P.F. (1985) “Entrepreneurial Strategies”, Innovation and Entrepreneurship Practice and Principles, Harper & Row, New York, pp. 207-243

The system of teaching changes time to time. From open air school to Air conditioned classroom, in the long journey of teaching, there are different methods that made the learner attract towards learning independently and individually. Now a days, the use of computer became very common in teaching. Particularly in Language class rooms role of 21^st century Language technology is immense. Linguists try to integrate the use of computer in teaching in different styles. This paper titled: “Use of computers in Teaching communication skills in English: A Study on Computer Aided Language Learning (CALL)” focuses on how the applications of Language concepts on the computer in language teaching learning help the learner. At the same time, it also examines the authenticity of the learning through different tests and interactions on language learning through CALL.

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Levy, M. Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Context and Conceptualization. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997. Print. Lamy M.-N. & Hampel R. (2007) Online communication in language learning and teaching, Houndmills: Palgrave Macmillan. Shield L. & Kukulska-Hulme A. (eds.) (2008) Special edition of ReCALL (20, 3) on Mobile Assisted Language Learning. Davies G. & Higgins J. (1982) Computers, language and language learning, London: CILT. Bush M. & Terry R. (1997) (eds.) Technology-enhanced language learning, Lincolnwood, Illinois: National Textbook Company. Pegrum M. (2009) From blogs to bombs: The future of digital technologies in education, Perth: University of Western Australia Press oOo

 

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Chandra, S. S. and Sharma, A. (2010). Significance of Environmental Education in Present Context, EDU TRAKS, Vol.19, No. 12. Hassan, A., Juahir, H., and Jamaludin, N. S., (2009). The level of Environmental Awareness Among students to fulfill the Aspiration of National Philosophy of Education, Euro Journals publishing, Page - 53. htt://www.eurojournal.com/ajer.htm Raval. K. (2015). Environment and Law: Role of Indian Judiciary for Protection and Preservation of Environment, International Journal of Education for Human Services, Vol. 5 No.2, pp. 21-30. Arnold, H.E.; Cohen, F.G.; Warner, A. 2009: Youth and environmental action: perspectives of young environmental leaders on their formative influences. The Journal of Environmental Education, 40(3): 27–36. Athman, J.; Monroe, M.C. 2001: Elements of Effective Environmental Education Programs. In A. Fedler (Ed.). Defining Best Practices in Boating, Fishing, and Stewardship Education. Washington DC: Recreational Boating and Fishing Foundation, pp. 37–48.

 

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Opiyya (2014) Revive the love for learning. Our Emotional Intelligence Worksheets Explained. http://oppiya.com/education-blog/emotional-intelligence/ Helpguide.org (2015), http://www.helpguide.org/articles/emotional-health/emotional-intelligence-eq.htm, 11.06.2015. Hein S, (2005). Introduction to Emotional Intelligence. Emotional Intelligence Home Page. http://eqi.org/history.htm Goleman, Daniel, (1998), “Working with Emotional Intelligence,” Bantam Books, New York. Goleman, Daniel, et. al, (2002), “ Primal Leadership.” Harvard Business Review, HBS press. http://eqi.org/history.htm

Banking sector is the Backbone of Indian financial system of our country. It is the largest emerging sector of the economy which has been growing more as compared to other sectors. The whole financial sectors mainly revolves around banking sector that’s why there is a need to provide better quality of services in banking sector for substantial growth of this sector. E-Banking is a new emerging area in the banking practices. Today, E-Banking is used as a strategic tool by the global banking sector to attract & retain customers. So, in this paper an attempt has been made to study the E-Banking services in India.

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Jain T.R, Khanna O.P (2007), “Indian Financial System”. V.K Publications, New Delhi, pp.154-155. Dr. Sharma Himani (2011), “Banker’s Perception on E-Banking”. NJRIM, VOL.1, NO.1. http://www.publishingindia.com/uploads/samplearticles/njrim-sample-article.pdf Karimzadeh Majid & Alam Dastgir (2012), “Electronic Banking Challenges in India: An Empirical Investigation”. Vol4, No.2. http://journal-archieves19.webs.com/31-45.pdf Kumar Saroj, Tiwari Swati (2013), “Principles of Banking”. Thakur Publications, Ambala, PP.185-188. Dr. Vinayagamoorthy A and Senthilkumar K, “Role of Reach of Internet Banking in India”, http://www.wbiconpro.com/602-Vinayagamoorthy.pdf Reserve bank of India, “Report on internet banking chapter-1” http://rbidocs.rbi.org.in/rdocs/PublicationReport/Pdfs/21595.pdf Ahmadksath, “E-Banking Consumer Behaviour”, http://www.scribd.com/doc/31035235/1/INTRODUCTION-OF-E-BANKING Danske Bank, “E-Banking services”. http://www.danskebank.fi/en-fi/Personal/online-services/Pages/ebanking.aspx Bank of china, “Introduction to online Banking” http://www.bankofchina.com/kh/en/custserv/cs1/201212/t20121207_2096052.html Gulati V.P. & Sivakumaram M.V, “E-Learning in Banking: Perspectives and initiatives”. http://www.cdac.in/html/pdf/Session3.3.pdf

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Vivek Murthy,(2012, October), “Corporate Governance Role of Independent Directors/Audit Committee”, The Chartered Accountant Student Journal,4-7 Dalei Prabhash, Tulsyan Paridhi & Maravi Shikhar (2012 March 17-18), Corporate Governance in India- A Legal Analysis, International Conference on Humanities, Economics and Geography, Bangkok,196-198 Bhasin Madan Lal (year), Corporate Accounting Fraud: A Case Study of Satyam Computers Limited, Open Journal of Accounting, 26-38

Preparation and the structural investigation of  someorgano metallic compounds using triaryl phosphinetelluride as a ligand.

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SAhrland , J Chatt and N R Devies,Quart Rev. Chem. Soc. 12,(1988)265 G E Coates,J.1951, 2003 R G Pearson,J.Am.Chem.Soc.85(1963),3533. C K Jorgenson,Inorg.Chem.2(1964)1201

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Koul Lokesh(2008)Methodology of Educational Research, New Delhi:Vikas Publishing House PVT. LTD. Mukhopadhaya ,M and Sansanwal, D.N (1983),Manual for study habits Study inventory, Agra: National Psychology corporation. Nanda,S.K. and Nanda vimple(2007) Modern Approach to Educational Psychology, Jalandhar:Modern Publishers Saraswat,R.K.(1984) Manual for self concept questionnaire(SCQ) National psychological corporation, Agra: 4/230,kachari Ghat.

Teachers competency is very much related to their effectiveness. Their competency, expectations and methods of teaching influence students academic achievements. Tribal teachers scoreless in all those dimensions and this is responsible for student\\\\\\\'s low academic performance to a large extent in tribal areas. In order to improve tribal teacher\\\\\\\'s competence well-thought teachers training programmes are to be implemented. This will help them for better academic preparation, higher expectation level and use of effective teaching strategies. While recruiting teachers preference should be given to local educated youths. Knowledge of tribal dialect should be considered as an asset for interacting with students and for this teachers should be given incentives.    

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Cooper, J.M. (2010). Class room Teaching Skills Boston: Houghtn Mifflin. Delors. (1996). Learning: The Treasure within. Paris: UNESCO. MHRD (2000). Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, Manual for Appraised of Plans. New Delhi: Govt. of India. NCERT (1990). “Teachers Classroom Instructional Behavior and Their Perception of Work Values”, Indian Education Review, 25(1), 34-37. NCTE (2010). National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education Towards Preparing Professional and Humane Teacher. New Delhi: NCTE.

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Andotra C S ,Langrr T C, Sharms S K, J.Indian.Chem. andSren A N Indian J Pharma Sciences,48 (6) 192-195 (1986). Andotra C S ,Langrr T C,andSharms S K, J.Indian.Chem. Soc 66,122,123(1989) Andotra C S, Sharma S K IndianJ. Pharma Sciences 51 (3),107-108,(1989) Gibson M S , Tetrahedran 18,1377,(1962) Andotra C D, Balbir SinghManhas,ActaIndicaCienciavol.XVlllc No 2, 99,(1992).

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Amalar, D and Suresh, V. (1988) Creative Thinking and Decision-Making Journal of Psychometry, Vol. 2(2), 1-3 Best W.J. (1977) Research in Education, Prentice Hall of Indian Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi. Best, J.W. and Kahn, J.W. (1996) Research in Education, New Delhi, Prentice Hall of India. Blustein, D.L. (1987) Decision-Making Styles and Vocational Maturity, An Alternative Perspective, Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 30, P 61-71. Cattell, R.B. (1963) Theory of Fluid and Crystallized Intelligence: A Critical Experiment. Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol. 54, P 283. Chung, Y.B. (2002) Career Decision-Making, Self Efficiency and Career Commitment: Gender and Ethnic Differences among College Students. Journal of Career Development, 28(8), 277-284. Harren, V.A. (1979) A Model of Career Decision-Making for College Students. Journal of Vocational Behaviour, Vol. 14, 119-133. Kerlinger, F.N. (1978) Foundations of Behavioural Research, Surjeet Publications, New Delhi. McKenney, J. and Keen, P. (1974) How Managers Minds Work, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 52, 79-90. Maheshwari, B.L. (1980) Decision Styles and Organizational Effectiveness, Vikas Publishing House, Sahibabad.

In the 21st century, sport and physical activity have earned a great importance in society. With this enhanced awareness, physical, technical and psychological improvements have become priority in sport teams with the intent of making the most of the athlete‟s potentiality. In this regard, the known sport sciences such as physiology, biochemistry, medicine, biomechanics, anthropometry, sociology and psychology have been improved, researched and applied in competitive sport. The purpose of the present study was to find out the personality profile of state level women kho- kho players. The performance in competition is direct link with the personality of an individual. Personality characteristics of an individual play an important role in achieving high performance in Kho-Kho. The present study was to find out the personality traits, need patterns and locus of control of west Bengal state level women kho-kho players. Total twenty (N=20) subjects were randomly chosen for this study. The age of the players ranged from 18 to 25 years. They were selected from two separate districts North 24 Pagans and Nadia of West Bengal. In the present study sixteen personality factors were measured using Cattle sixteen Personality Factors Questionnaire. The Opinion expressed by the subjects was converted to numerical scores and STEN score using norms. These numerical scores of all the 16 Personality Factors were the data for the present study. Statistical techniques included descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. As per norms the numerical score between 4.8 to 6.2 is considered to be the normal value for a personality factor. On the basic of this principle it is seen from the subjects of present study were of normal personality score in factors B, F, H, I, M, Q₁. It also seen that the subjects were above normal level in factors C, E, G, L, N, O, Q_2, Q_3, Q₄, and lower value only for factor A.

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Bachleitner, R. (1984): Sport Personality and Problem. Sports wissense haft, 14,121- 140. Bushan, S. and Agarwal, V. (1978). Personality Characteristics of high and low achieving Indian sports persons. International Journal of Sports Phychology, Vol.9(3). Cattell,R.b. Eber, H.W.., Tatsuoka, M.M., “Handbook for the sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire”, Champaign, IL:Instotute for Personality and Ability Testing. 1970. Conn, S.R., Rieke, M.l., “The 16PF Fifth Edition Technical Manual”, Champaign, IL: Instotute for Personality and Ability Testing. 1994. De, A.K. Dasgupta, P.K Pandya, B.K. and Bhattacharyya, A.K. (1982). Physical Efficiency and tests of Indian Male Kabaddi Inter University Players. Brit. Journal of sports medicine, Vol. – 16. Eysenck HJ, Nias DKB & Cox DN (1982) Sport and personality. Advances in Behavioural Research and Therapy 4, 1–56. Henery E. Garrett (1961), Statistics in Psychology and Education, Published by Paragon International Publishers.

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‘Soil temperature regime in arid zone of India’ Krishnan A. and GGSN Rao Arch. Met. Geoph. Ser. B, 27, 15-22, 1979 ‘Thermal Regime Of Mollisols Under High WaterTable Conditions’. Tripathi R.P. and B.P. Ghildyal Agricultural Meteorology, 20, 493, 1979 Soil Temperatures Regime at Ahmedabad G. Sharan and R. Jadhav www.iimahd.ernet.in/publications/data/2002-11-02GirjaSharan.pdf ‘Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer’ T. L. Bergman, A.S. Lavine, F.P. Incropera and D. P.DeWitt 7th Ed., March 2011,John Wiley & Sons, Inc http://en.climate-data.org/location/767151/ ‘Ground Water Information Buldhana District’ M.K. Rafiuddin Report by Central Ground Water Board, Maharashtra, page 9, 2013 ‘Comparison Of Thermal Properties Of Three Texturally Different Soils Under Two Compaction Levels’P. Pramanik and P. Aggarwal African Journal of Agricultural Research 8(28), 3679-3687, 2013

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This study sought to establish the relationship between Social economic characteristics and indebtedness of formal sector employees in Kenya. The target population comprised of 2.4 million employees in Kenya. Stratified random sampling was used to administer questionnaires to 1000 respondents. Desscriptive statistics and ANOVA was used to analyse the data. The study established that respondents over 46 years of age were more indebted than those below 40 years of age. The study also found out that residents living in urban areas are less indebted than those living in the rural areas. The study concluded that the magnitude of loan repayment and loan outstanding balance has a direct bearing on the indebtedness of employees in the formal sector.

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Albrecht, W., Albrecht, S. & Albrecht, C. (2004). Fraud and corporate executives: Agency, stewardship and broken trust. Journal of Forensic Accounting , 5, 109-130. Barba, A. & Pivetti, M. (2009). Rising household debt: Its causes and macroeconomic implications - a long-period analysis. Cambridge Journal of Economics (33), 113–137. Bicakova, A., Prelcova, Z. & Pasalicoca, R. (2011). Who borrows and who may not repay? Charles university, academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic. Prague: Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education. Butrica, B. A. & Karamcheva, N. S. (August, 2013). Does household debt influence the labor supply and benefit claiming decisions of older Americans? 15th Annual Joint Conference of the Retirement Research Consortium. Washington, D.C: Urban Institute.

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In this paper, an attempt has been made to explore the myth of the Earth Goddess in symbol as well as in metaphor. A comparison with other world cultures has also been made.

The objective of this paper is to study mythology with the intention of finding new and more meaningful interpretations that may have significant relevance in today’s life. The reexamination of the role played by Pritivi or Bhoomi Devi in Indian mythology will probably provide a vital role model for today’s Indian woman who struggles for a dignity2

and survival. A study and critique of the many interpretations of incidents and happenings related to these divinities and characters from mythology could, if brought into popular culture, probably change the mindset of both perpetrators of crimes against women as well as survivors of such crimes along with the many women who could fall victims to such crimes at any point of time.

Keywords: Mythology, Cultural history, Cultural heritage, Historic culture

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Campbell, J. 2013. Goddesses: Mysteries of the feminine divine. California: New World Library. Coburn, T. B. 1991. Encountering the Goddess: A translation of the Devi – Mahatmya and a study of its interpretation. Albany,State University of NewYork Press. Gimbutas, M. 1996. The goddesses and gods of Old Europe, 6500-3500 BC, myths and cult images. California, MI: university of California Press. Hindu views on evolution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014, December 3. Retrieved December 4, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu_views_on_evolution Paterson, T. (2014, December 2). German woman killed trying to help harassed girls. Times of India [Mumbai], p. 18. Singh, U. 2013. A history of ancient and early medieval India: From the Stone Age to the 12th century. New Delhi, IN: Pearson Education. Singh, N. 2014, November 11. Discipline or Discrimination? AMU VC Bans Female Students in Library, says They Will Attract Boys. Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.co.in/discipline-discrimination-amu-vc-bans-female-students-library-says-they-will-attract-boys-613606 Tiamat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 2014, July 31. Retrieved October 31, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiamat Times of India Network. 2014, December 2. Army says won't recruit Haryana's molester duo. The Times of India [Mumbai], p. 9. 12 UN Women. 2013. Facts and Figures: Ending Violence against Women | UN Women – Headquarters. Retrieved from http://www.unwomen.org/en/what-we-do/ending-violence-against-women/facts-and-figures

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The complete Guide to Sports Nutrition – Anita Bean Food Harm Food Heal-Reader Digest You can Heal Your Life-Louise Hay Fit and Fine in Body and Mine –Tanushri Podder

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Earle, R. (2000). “AECT and NCATE: A partnership for Quality Teaching through Accreditation.” Teach Trends, v 44 n3 p53-57 April, 2000. Gopalan, K. (2004). Some Quality Issues in Teacher Education. In Pillai. L. et al. (ED.) Quality Enhancement in teacher education. NAAC, Bangalore. 28-33. MHRD (2004). Selected Educational statistics 2002-03 (as on 30th September. 2002). MHRD, Govt. of India, New Delhi.

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Ankomah, Y. A. (2005 November). ?Research Priorities in Relation to Leadership and Management for Change‘. A Paper Presented at National Consultative Workshop on Educational Quality Implementation at Accra Ghan Galabawa, J. C. J. (2001). Advocacy, Mobilization and Partnership for Education and Literacy for All in Tanzania: Moving from Rhetoric to Reality. Papers in Education and Development, 21, 1-13. Galabawa, J. C. J. & Agu, A. (2001). Perspectives in Education Management and Administration(Revised ed.). Dar es Salaam: H. R. Consult. Goodson, I. (2003). Professional knowledge, professional lives: Studies in education. Maidenhead, Open University Press Hargreaves, A. & Fullan M. G. (Eds.) (1992). Understanding Teacher Development. New York:Teachers College Press. Hargreaves, A. (1994). Changing teachers, changing times: Teachers‘ work and culture in the postmodern age. London, Cassell

Certain themes and patterns are emerging as American schools take "the next step" on the road to restructuring and suggest the broad outlines within which school restructuring seems to be occurring. These trends suggest an emerging vision of education that echoes the Progressive movement in some respects. The vision builds on experiments in the late sixties and early seventies, but with unique distinctions. It represents a statement of education\'s increasing value and worth to the community and the economic system, reflects the increased emphasis on students as individuals, and builds upon teachers\' higher education levels and sense of professionalism, sophistication, and enhanced leadership skills. It acknowledges the new partnerships that must emerge for education to succeed in a complex postindustrial global society. The vision cautiously approaches fundamental overhaul of curriculum, instruction, and assessment. It is a fluid vision that will continue to change, but is only now taking on a discernible outline.

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David T. Conley "Some Emerging Trends in School Restructuring. ERIC Digest, Number 67". ERIC Educational Reports. FindArticles.com. 12 Mar, 2011. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_pric/is_199201/ai_2188185178/ C. M. (1999). Reasserting the Philosophy of Experiential Education as a Vehicle for Change in the 21st Century. The Journal of Experiential Education,.22(2), 91-98. Experiential learning and experiential education. Wilderdom.com. Retrieved 6/12/07. "What is experiential education?", Association for Experiential Education, Retrieved 6/12/07 Neil, J. (2005) "John Dewey, the Modern Father of Experiential Education", Wilderdom.com. Retrieved 6/12/07.

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George K. M., Christianity in India through the Centuries, 2009 Palackapilly George, Christian Contribution to Education, Language and Literature, 2006 Vadakumthala, Contributions of Christian Community in health Care in India. Chacko M Paul, Syrian Christians: One tradition Many Faces, 2013. Chacko Aerath and George Menacherry(ed.), Christian Contribution to Nation Building : A Third Millennium Enquiry, Cochin, 2004

 

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Agarwal, B. "Tribal Matriliny in Transition: Changing Patterns of Production, Property and Gender Relations in North-East India." ILO (Geneva) Working Paper, 1990 Dashora, R. (1995). "Status of Tribal Girl Child." Social Change: Issues and Perspectives, 1995 Dunn, D. "Gender Inequality in Education and Employment in the Scheduled Castes and Tribes of India." Population Research and Policy Review, 1993

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Gupta S.K. (1981) – “Teaching Physical science in secondary schools”, unpublished Ph.D., thesis. H.N. Savnders (1965) - “The teaching of general science in tropical secondary schools”. Page – 9. Oxford University Pressm London. Mohanthy.S. (1996) – “Teaching of science in secondary schools’ – Unpublished Ph.D., thesis, M.S. University of Baroda.

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Adler et. al.(1992). Socialization to Gender Roles: Popularity among Elementary School Boys and Girl. Sociology of Education, 65, pp. 169-187. doi: 10.237/2112807. Aggarwal, j. C: Teacher Education Theory and Practice, Doaba House, 2013. Ahuja, Ram: Research Method, Rawat Publication, 2014. Asthana, Bipin: Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education, Vinud Pustak Mandir, Agra, 2005.

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Brookfield, S. D. (1986) Understanding and Facilitating Adult Learning. A comprehensive analysis of principles and effective practice. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Cooper, Mary K. & Henschke, John A. (2003): An Update on Andragogy: The International Foundation for Its Research, Theory and Practice (Paper presented at the CPAE Conference, Detroit, Michigan, November, 2003).

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Bharucha, E., (1998) Handbook on Environment Education for Teachers, Pune, Bharati Vidyapeeth's Institute of Environmental Education and Research Garrett, H. E. (1981) Statistics in Psychology and Education, Bombay , Vakils, Feffer and Simons Ltd. Ghanta, R. Digumurti, B. (1998) Environmental Education - Problems and prospects, New Delhi, (Discovery Publishing House Government of India, Ministry of Education (1986) National Policy of Education – 1986, New Delhi - Ministry of Education, Government of India Sharma, P. D. (1999) Ecology and Environment, Seventh edition, Meerut, Rastogi Publications UNESCO (1981) Environmental Education in Asia and the Pacific - Bulletin of Unesco Regional Office for Education in Asia and the Pacific Number 22, UNESCO, (1990) Source Book in Environmental Education for Secondary School Teachers, Bangkok, UNESCO

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Ven.s. Dhammika (2003) Good Question & good answer – Buddhist cultural center – Srilanka Narada thera(1982) Buddhism in a Nutshell. Colombo SriLanka . Goenka .S.N. (2006) Dhamma Vandana Vipassana International research center Dhammagiri. Jan wills (2006) Buddhism & peace –Alberta Canada. Narada Thera (2002) Buddhism culture & SriLanka, Pilgrims guide – Buddhist cultural center Srilanka.

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W. O. Beys-da-Silva, L. Santi (2014)“Mangroves: A Threatened Ecosystem Under-Utilized as a Resource for Scientific Research”. Canadian Center of Science and Education. Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 7, No. 5. Duke, N.C. (1992)“Mangrove floristic and biogeography”. Pg.63-100 in Tropical Mangrove Ecosystems. A.I. Robertson and D.M. Alongi, Eds. American Geophysical Union, Washington DC., USA.

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www.npci.org.in/state.aspx https://www.rbi.org.in/scripts/paymentsystems.aspx www.ijecbs.com/july2013/1.pdf deity.gov.in>e-governance>projects and initiatives https://mgov.gov.in/.../PayGov_India_Payment_Gateway_ www.iceg.net/2007/books/2/10_342_2.pdf www.ijera.com/papers/vol5_issue2/part%20 paymentcouncil.in/pdf/PCI-annual-report.pdf https://rbi.org/scripts/BS_PressReleaseDisplay.aspx https://www.deloitte.com/.../in-fs-deloitte-pov-on-payments-banking https://www.pwc.in/.../disrupting-cash-accelerating-electronic-payments. https://bankreport.rbi.org.in www.mckinsey.com/.../Payments/Global_payments_2015 globip.com/articles/asiapacific_vol3_article2.pdf

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google search topper.com en.wikpedia.org theworldbook.org pdhpe.net glencoe.com webmed.com mayoclinic.org healthline.com slideshare.net wellbeingmessenger.com quora.com blogvantagefit.io wellsteps.com essyturf.com

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Pal R, Panigrahi S, Bhattacharyya D, Chakraborti AS. 2013 J. Mol Struct. 1046:153–163. Daniel MC, Astruc D. 2004 Chem Rev. 104:293–346 He Y, Yuan J, Su F, Xing X, Shi G. J Phys Chem 2006; 110(36): 17813-17818. Han, M., Gao, X., Su, J.Z., & Nie, S. (2001)Nature Biotechnolnology 19, 631–635. Huang, X., El-Sayed, I., Qian,W., & El-Sayed, M.A. (2006) Journal of the American Chemical Society, 128, 2115–2120. Mirkin, C.A., Letsinger, R.L., Mucic, R.C., & Storhoff, J.J. (1996). Nature, 382, 607–609. Salem, A.K., Searson, P.C., & Leong, K.W. (2003)Nature Materials, 2, 668–671 M. Murugan, K. John, P. Anthony, M. Jeyaraj, N. Krishnaraj, S. Gurunathan, J. Ind. Eng. Chem. (2013) Wang Y., Xia Y. Nanoletters. 2004;4:2047–2050 Sharma, D.; Kanchi, S.; Bisetty, K. A Review. Arabian J. Chem. 2015. G. Southam and T.J. Beveridge, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58 (1994), pp. 4527–4530. D. Fortin and T.J. Beveridge, in Biomineralisation, ed. E. Baeuerlein (Verlag, Germany: Wiley-VCH, 2000), p. 294. T.J. Beveridge and R.G.E. Murray, J. Bacteriol., 141 (1980), pp. 876–877. Amirta M., Suraj k., Rizwan W., App Microbiol Biotrchnol (2011) 92, 617-630 Eepista P., Nilotpala P., Lala B S, and Prasana k P.,Journal of Nanotechnology Volume 2014, Article ID 653198, 9 pages Anuj N M.,Seema B., Mulayam S Gand Renu p.,JOM Vol 62 no.11 November 2010 Radhika R. SR, Suman TY, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease (2012) S795-S799 Cruickshan R, Duguid JP, Marmion BP, Swain RHA. the Practice of Medical Microbiology 2: 170–189, 1975. M. Sastry, A. Ahmad, M. I. Khan, and R. Kumar, Nanotechnology, pp. 126–135, 2005. P. M. Tiwari, K. Vig, V. A. Dennis, and S. R. Singh, Nanomaterials, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 31–63, 2011. E. E. Connor, J. Mwamuka, A. Gole, C. J. Murphy, and M. D. Wyatt, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 325–327, 2005. P. N. Njoki, I. I. S. Lim, D. Mott et al. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol. 111, no. 40, pp. 14664–14669, 2007.

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“Afghan President Visits Pakistan to Reset Troubled Ties.” BBC News, BBC, 14 Nov. 2014, www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-30049115. Web. Dalrymple, William. “A Deadly Triangle: Afghanistan, Pakistan and India.” The Brookings Institution, 2019 csweb.brookings.edu/content/research/essays/2013/deadly-triangle-afghanistan-pakistan-india-c.html. Web. D’souza, ShanthieMariet. “India’s Aid to Afghanistan: Challenges and Prospects.” Strategic Analysis, vol. 31, no. 5, 2007, pp. 833–842., doi:10.1080/09700160701662328. Print. Hamid, Mairaj Ul. “Pak-Afghan Ties: Evolution, Challenges and the Way Forward.” Policy Perspectives, vol. 14, no. 1, 2017, p. 59., doi:10.13169/polipers.14.1.0059. Print. Kasturi, Charu Sudan. “Secret Meeting to Play Catch-up on Kabul.” Telegraph India, Telegraph India, 29 Aug.

Yoga is complete science of life that originated in India many thousands of years ago. It is the oldest system of personal development in the world encompassing body mind and spirit. The ancient Yogis had a profound understanding of man’s essentials nature and of what he needs to live in harmony with himself and his environment. They perceived the physical body as a vehicle with the mind as the driver the soul man’s true identity and action emotion and intelligence as the three forces which pull the body vehicle while the proactive of positive thinking and meditation gives clarity mental power and concentration. Meditation is the practice by which there is constant observation of the mind. It means focusing the mind on one point stilling the mind in order to perceive the self by stopping the waves of thought you come to understand your true nature and discover the wisdom and tranquility the lie down.

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The general objective of this paper was to study the hot spots of water erosion problem at district level in India. Water erosion data was collected from NRSC/ISRO Open data and product archive facilitates. This layer consists of fraction of water erosion within a grid cell of 5000meters x 5000meters. The product was derived from Land degradation map on 1:50,000 scale generated using multi-temporal LISS III data aboard Resourcesat-1 / 2 of 2005-6. The data is provided as long integer format. To convert the data to fraction area of grid cell, the number has to be divided with 10000. Information on district boundaries was collected from official website of Indian Geo Platform of IISRO, National Remote Sensing Center, Government of India. The spatial variation in water erosion was analysed with the help of hot spot analysis tool of the ArcGIS platform. The hot spots of high water erosion problem were found as 187, 20 & 07 respectively at the confidence level of 99%, 95% & 90%. The findings of the work will help the policy makers to develop the programmes to minimise the problem of the water erosion in the problem prone districts. Keywords: Water erosion, Geostatistical analysis, Hot Spot Analysis.

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ArcGIS Desktop. (2018). How Grouping Analysis works. Retrieved June 20, 2021, from Arcgis.com website: https://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-statistics-toolbox/how-grouping-analysis-works.htm Bennett, L. (2018). Machine learning in ArcGIS. Retrieved on 12th June, 2021 from https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog858/sites/www.e-education.psu.edu.geog858/files/Lesson_04/Files/Machine-Learning-in-ArcGIS.pdf Brunsdon, C., Fotheringham, S., & Charlton, M. (1998). Geographically Weighted Regression. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series D (the Statistician), 47(3), 431–443. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9884.00145 Ethiopia | Humanitarian Assistance | U.S. Agency for International Development. (2021, August 13). Retrieved September 11, 2021, from Usaid.gov website: https://www.usaid.gov/humanitarian-assistance/ethiopia Hassany, Mohamed; Abdel-Razek, Wael; Asem, Noha; AbdAllah, Mohamed; Zaid, Hala (April 2020). "Estimation of COVID-19 burden in Egypt". The Lancet Infectious Diseases. 20 (8): 896–897. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30319-4

The Constitution 74th Amendment was passed by the Parliament of India in 1992 with lot of enthusiasm and great expectation. The experts were hopeful that it would bring about tremendous changes in the urban local governance and a new era of empowerment would set in the processes of local governance. The strengthening of grassroots democracy will have an impact on the national ethos towards governance mechanism. However, the time has come to assess the Act afresh and suggest changes if needed. If the success has not come our way, we need to introspect and explore relevance for a legislation in the contemporary period. Keywords: State Election Commission, 74th Constitution Amendment, NGOs and CBOs, Other Backward Classes, Schedule Castes, Schedule Tribes

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Gupta M. K., (2001), Impact of 74th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1992 on Urban Planning and Development, SPA, New Delhi. Jha, Gangadhar, (2018), Fragile Urban Governance: Evolution, Decline, Empowerment of Local-self Government in India, Published by Routledge, Delhi. Joseph T. M., (2007), Local Governance in India: Ideas, Challenges and Strategies, Concept Publishing, New Delhi Krishnakumar, (2000), ‘Democratic Decentralization; A People’s Movement’, Frontline, 17:12 Kundu, A., S. Bagchi and D. Kundu, (1999), Regional Distribution of Infrastructure and Basic Amenities in Urban India: Issues Concerning Empowerment of Local Bodies. Economic and Political Weekly, 10-16, July. Kumar Rajender, (2019), Rural and Urban Government, Published by Omega Publications Mahala O.M., (2011), Urban Governance in India: Emerging Challenges in Liberalised Era. Published by Amazon.com Maheshwari S. R., (2002), Administrative Reforms in India, Macmillan India Publications, New Delhi

The present conceptual research focused on the study is to discuss the role of tech trends in Geography Education. Geography Education and conversation technologies (ICT) are an important part of daily life, including the teaching-learning process. Now a days Geography Education and tech trends activities change in human life because with connection in the Tech Trends (TT). Tech Trends (TT) has bought about many dramatic changes in how teachers teach and how students learn. Geography Education use tech trends to design and assess learning activities, to communicate with students and the Geography education for sustainable development. The present paper focused on the study of Role of Tech Trends (TT) in Geography Education (GE) in perspectives with Higher Education with prime objectives are (i) To understand the innovative best practices through Tech Trends (TT) in Geography Education (GE). (ii) To analyses the role of Tech Trends (TT) in Geography Education (GE). (iii) To discuss the Role of Teacher in Geography Education (GE) with respect to Higher Education.

The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc.