An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Nov-Dec,2014, vol-2/15

Impact Factor: 4.194

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2015-01-04

NOV-DEC, 2014

STATUS OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN DEGREE COLLEGES IN ODISHA: A STUDY

Bimal Charan Swain, Dillip Kumar Pradhan & Dhaneswar Palei

Page No.: 2198 - 2205

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 The present investigation aims at studying the status of physical education programme in degree colleges in Odisha. A sample of 50 Physical Education Teachers and 300 students of 50 degree colleges affiliated to 5 universities of Odisha participated in the study. The study revealed that six different indoor games were organized in colleges which include badminton, carom, chess, table tennis, tenikoit and yoga. Under outdoor games ten games were organized such as athletic, archery, basket ball, cricket, foot ball, hockey, kabadi, khokho, lawn tennis and volley ball. Five different criteria were followed by the institutes for the organization of Physical education activities such as physical facilities available, interest of the students, availability of time, availability of person to provide instruction and need of the time. Physical Education Teachers and Officers-in-Charge of games and sports organized physical education activities in colleges. Fee for physical education were collected from students. There was provision of incentives for students for their participation in physical education in all the institutions. In almost all the colleges internal evaluation was conducted to know the performance of students in physical education. Students of the colleges participated in physical education activities at different levels such as inter-college level, district levels university level and state level. None of the colleges subscribed any journal of physical education to their institutions.


MICROTEACHING, AN EFFICIENT TECHNIQUE FOR LEARNING EFFECTIVE TEACHING

Chaman Lal Banga

Page No.: 2206 - 2211

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Teachers are an extremely important facet of any society for a multitude of reasons. Teachers are the people who educate the youth of society who in turn become the leaders of the next generation of people. Teachers are the people who are teaching children and imparting knowledge upon them in their most impressionable years, what these kids learn from their teachers at a young age will most likely stay with them in some facet for the rest of their lives. So, teachers certainly have a significant mark on the development of young children and even older children alike, as they are teaching them and helping them develop their knowledge so that they can go on in life and be responsible and productive members of society. Microteaching is a teacher training technique for learning teaching skills. It employs real teaching situation for developing skills and helps to get deeper knowledge regarding the art of teaching. Microteaching can be practiced with a very small lesson or a single concept and a less number of students. It scales down the complexities of real teaching, as immediate feedback can be sought after each practice session. Knowledge acquisition, skill acquisition, and transfer are the three different phases of microteaching. Describes the various phases of microteaching. Knowledge acquisition phase is the preparatory, pre-active phase, in which the teacher gets trained on the skills and components of teaching through lectures, discussion, illustration, and demonstration of the skill by the experts. In the interactive, skill acquisition phase, the teacher plans a micro-lesson for practicing the demonstrated skills. This paper highlights on microteaching as an efficient technique for learning effective teaching. Key words: Microteaching, an efficient technique, learning, effective teaching & skill. 


A STUDY OF ADJUSTMENT PATTERN OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF SUNDERBANI TEHSIL OF DISTT RAJOURI (J&K)

Mohd. Zubair Kales

Page No.: 2231 - 2243

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 Jammu And Kashmir State is full of beautiful surrounding. The state is famous for its scenic beauty and unique culture. But at the same time the state is surrounded with some inter-national border and the people living in border areas come across with varied socio-cultural as well as academic complexities leading to some adjustment problems. It is generally observed that the people living in the border areas are better prepared to face any problematic situation of life related to adjustment. Various studies conducted on characteristics of people living in border areas have shown that the population living in border area is significantly better in life managing skills and other desirable abilities to enjoy successful life.


A STUDY OF THE STATUS OF THE STUDENTS RESIDING IN THE GOVERNMENT HOSTEL IN KORBA DISTRICT

S. Kispotta & Mr. Kalpana Kanwar

Page No.: 2245 - 2254

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 The authors intend to convey the message to the readers through this paper that the students residing in the hostel for their studies, have a very poor economical background, hailing from remote areas/villages. The government through this scheme has taken up a very positive step to improve the condition of these students. The pilot result of the study has been depicted in this research paper.


INTELLECTUAL INERTIA: FRIEND AND FOE FOR AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION TO GROW

Vijay Kumar Grover

Page No.: 2255 - 2265

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 The paper attempts to conceptualize and analyze the concept of intellectual inertia due to absence of a genuine definition. The term is less prevalent in education literature, rather crystalizing through internet based discussions, but of significant value. Intellectual inertia is an analogy of a physics entity known as inertia of matter. Intellectual inertia can be individual as well as collective in nature. In an educational institution both individual as well as collective intellectual inertia operate. Like inertia of matter intellectual inertia is also a neutral entity which can be work for and against an educational institution. Paper elaborates when intellectual inertia can be used as a friend and avoided to become foe for an institution. Finally possible approaches to use intellectual inertia in favor of an educational institution are elaborated followed by tools could be used in these strategies. Paper is a thought provoking effort to theorize the effectiveness of an educational institution by capturing the minds in terms of intellectual inertia.
Key words: Intellectual inertia, Education, Strategies, Growth Mindset, Fixed Mindset


SCOPE OF ECO-TOURISM IN KERALA” – A GEOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS

Haider-e-Karrar

Page No.: 2263 - 2266

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 Kerala, a western coastal state is located on the southernmost tip of India. It stretches from north to south along the coastline of 580 km with a width of 35 to 120 kms. It lies between 74* 51` E to 72* 22` E Longitudes and 8*18` N to 12*48` N Latitudes. It covers an area of 38863 sq km which is about 1.18% of the total area of India. In Kerala, 28.90% land area is covered with forest which is about 2.3% of national average forest cover. Its natural beauty and exquisite landscape which attract the tourist of India and abroad. Landscape is covered with coconut palms, paddy fields, banana plantation, tea plantation are looking like green blanket and pleasing atmosphere throughout the year provides best sites for the ecotourism i.e. Thenmala, Bhoothan Kettu, Peruvannamoozhy, Thekkady, Nelliampathy, Konni, Kumbalangi, Kuruva, Thatikkad, Poovar, etc.
Key words: Coastal state, Plantation, ecotourism, natural beauty, landscape.


WORLD-CLASS EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS

Kalpana J. Modi

Page No.: 2275 - 2278

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 If we check the assessment criteria in our academic institutions, we will find that getting published in foreign journals is given greater weight. The same is true for work experience gained abroad. Foreign collaborations are actively sought in India. Those who have published in foreign journals or those who have foreign degrees are supposed to be superior. Academic institutions advertise their joint programmes with institutions based in western countries. People with MBA degrees from some select institutions abroad get better salaries in Indian companies. Indian scientists work all their life for getting recognition abroad. India should be able to generate its own world-class academics and researches. These people will be an inspiration to the future generation. This can happen only with improvement in School Education.
Key words-School education, World class education


SOCIO-GEOGRAPHICAL PHENOMENA OF WOMEN’S LITERACY IN INDIA

Prakash Vir Singh

Page No.: 2279 - 2285

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 The Indian government has expressed a strong commitment towards education for all; however, India still has one of the lowest female literacy rates in Asia. In 1991, less than 40 percent of the 330 million women aged 7 and over were literate, which means today there are over 200 million illiterate women in India. This low level of literacy not only has a negative impact on women’s lives but also on their families’ lives and on their country’s economic development. Numerous studies show that illiterate women have high levels of fertility and mortality, poor nutritional status, low earning potential, and little autonomy within the household. A woman’s lack of education also has a negative impact on the health and well being of her children. For instance, a recent survey in India found that infant mortality was inversely related to mother’s educational level. Additionally, the lack of an educated population can be an impediment to the country’s economic development. The present research paper is focusing towards the same.
Key words : Constitution, Female Literacy, NFE, Democracy, NPE, NCFW, Autonomy, Women’s Empowerment


INTERACTION EFFECT OF SEX, ACHIEVEMENT-MOTIVATION, AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE OF PUPIL-TEACHERS

Prem Shankar Srivastava

Page No.: 2286 - 2306

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 The present study has been carried out to assess the interaction effect of sex, achievement-motivation and emotional intelligence on spiritual intelligence on a sample of 100 pupil-teachers both male (44) and female (56) by applying a (2x2x2) three ways factorial design. The data has been collected with the help of Spiritual Intelligence Self-Report Inventory (King, 2008), Achievement-Motivation Test (Rao, 1974) and Emotional Intelligence Scale (Kumar, 2004). It has been revealed that the main effects of achievement-motivation, and emotional intelligence as well as first order interaction namely sex, and achievement-motivation are found to be significant whereas the main effect of sex as well as the various interactions such as first order except (sex x achievement-motivation) and second order interactions are found to be non-significant. However, the present study suggests about educational implication for the community.
Key words: Spiritual Intelligence, Achievement-Motivation, Emotional Intelligence, Pupil- Teachers.


IMPACT OF JOB SATIFACTION ON EMPLOYEE’S PERFORMANCE

Indu gupta

Page No.: 2307 - 2316

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The statement ‘a happy worker is a productive worker ‘stir up inquisitiveness, who is a happy worker? There is only one answer that happy worker is a worker who is satisfied with the job. If the employees are satisfied with their jobs, they will be definitely more sincere and dedicated to their work accomplishment. This study tries to indicate the need and importance of employee’s job satisfaction in improving their performance. This study will also unearth the various prevailing and latent constraints pertaining to job satisfaction among the workers and will also explore the measures to be followed by the human resource administration of the organization to enhance the employee’s satisfaction with their job.
Key words : job satisfaction, job performance, organization 


NONLINEAR GAS DYNAMIC WAVES: SOME REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS

Mrs. Amitha Rao

Page No.: 2317 - 2333

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The theory of nonlinear gas dynamic waves or shock waves plays a vital role in the understanding the most of mathematical, biological, and engineering sciences. The solutions of governing non linear partial differential equations (PDEs) of shock waves are used to study the flow field of various nonlinear phenomena, for example, supersonic flows, explosions, earthquakes, piston motion, surface of a star, etc. While considerable progress has been made in the shock wave research on traditional applications like aerospace engineering, the research in multi disciplinary applications such as agriculture, industry and medical sciences is relatively new and still needs to be done. This paper highlights some interdisciplinary applications of shock wave technology in medical, industry and agricultural areas.
Key words: Shock waves, nonlinear PDEs, biomedical applications, shock wave therapy. 


EFFECTS OF YOGA COMBINED WITH PSYCHOLOGICAL INTERVENTION ON PERSONALITY AMONG SCHOOL BOYS

Sendhil, V. & Kannappan, R.

Page No.: 2324 - 2333

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Personality traits are long lasting personal characteristics that influence the one’s perception and thoughts and guide actions under various conditions. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of yoga with psychological intervention on personality of students in the age group of 11 to 13 years. For the purpose of investigation 120 students from 6th, 7th and 8th standards from two different schools were randomly assigned into experimental group (n-60) and control group (n-60). In the Pre-post control design, the experimental group was exposed to yoga with psychological intervention to improve their personality traits. The control group was not exposed to the training for the entire period. The teachers rated the School Behavior Checklist for the children (SCHOBL) at before, after and follow up assessments of both groups, besides collecting socio demographic variables. The intervention focused on enhancing their personality traits such as extraversion, attitude towards school work, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness of the students. The yoga intervention was conducted for a period of six months covering a total of 40 sessions. The psychological approach included counseling sessions which were conducted one to one and one to group for taking right decisions. The results have shown that the experimental group had significantly high scores on personality such as extraversion, attitude towards school work, agreeableness, and emotional stability when compared to the control group. The experimental group maintained the effectiveness and had significant changes in overall score of the scale at follow-up assessment. The yoga combined with psychological intervention is effective in increasing the personality of school going students.
Key words: Students, personality, Yoga with psychological intervention 


GRADING SYSTEM IN CONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION

Thanuja K

Page No.: 2324 - 2343

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This paper on grading system in continuous and comprehensive evaluation presents a theoretical frame work for understanding different types of grading namely direct grading and indirect grading. How to combine the information obtained from in and outside the classroom observations, interaction between pupils and different tasks provided to the pupils for assessing their progress in cognitive and non cognitive learning outcomes and converting these recorded performance and proficiency into grades are also discussed in the light of guidelines provided by CBSE in the ‘CCE manual for teachers’.
Key words : Grading system, continuous and Comprehensive evaluation. 


EFFECTIVENESS OF INQUIRY TRAINING MODEL FOR TEACHING CHEMISTRY

Vandana Singh

Page No.: 2344 - 2349

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 This research investigated the effectiveness of inquiry Training Model over traditional teaching method in teaching chemistry at IX grade level. A total of 120 students participated in the study. The study was designed to prepare study material for teaching chemistry for class IX using inquiry training model, study the effectiveness of inquiry training model on academic achievement of students and compare the academic achievement of students studying through inquiry training model & traditional method for teaching chemistry. The researcher selected the two groups randomly where each comprising 60 students & were labelled as experimental group & Control group ..The students of control goup were taught with traditional method while the students of experimental group were taught with inquiry training model. The pre test was administered to students in both the groups before teaching commenced and post test was administered after the teaching in both the groups. It was found that the calculated value of mean of Post test of control group is 12.55, standard deviation is 4.38 & the mean of Post test of experimental group is 17.46 and standard deviation is 5.88.Result shown that there is a statistical significant effect of Inquiry Training Model over conventional teaching method on academic achievement of students. It was observed that the students taught with Inquiry training method performed better than the students taught with traditional method
Key words: Inquiry method, traditional method, Chemistry


A STUDY OF STYLE OF LEARNING AND THINKING OF URBAN AND RURAL STUDENTS OF AURANGABAD DISTRICT

Syeda Humera Anjum

Page No.: 2350 - 2356

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Present research Aims to study styles of learning and thinking of urban and rural students of Aurangabad District. The sample of the study was selected by Stratified Random Sampling method which includes 200 Xth std students from urban and rural area .Tool used for the research was SOLAT (Styles of Learning and Thinking) developed by Dr.Venkataraman. Research finding revealed that majority of the students have right hemispheric dominant style of learning and thinking. Significant difference was found in right hemispheric and whole hemispheric dominant learning & thinking style of urban and rural students .Insignificant difference was found in left hemispheric learning thinking style of urban and rural students. Boys and Girls differ significantly in right, left and whole hemispheric dominant style of learning & thinking.
Key words: SOLAT, Styles of Learning and Thinking, Urban and Rural, Hemispheric brain dominance. 


THE ETHICAL VALUE JUDGEMENTS ARE NONSENSE: WITTGENSTEIN’S APPROACH

Poulami chakraborty

Page No.: 2357 - 2363

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The purpose of this paper is to maintain the view through analysis that the ethical value judgments are nonsense. The paper is about what might be called the Philosophical tradition of ethics and Wittgenstein opposition to that tradition. My purpose is to elucidate how this conception of ethical judgments is in itself a sufficient reason for regarding them as nonsense. Wittgenstein claim in the ‘Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus’ that there can be no ethical propositions. Wittgenstein thought that ethical value judgments are absolute in the sense that their correctness. They does not depend at all on how things are in the world. Absolute judgment of value cannot be rational or irrational, reasonable or unreasonable. The argument behind this concept is that the value is not arbitrary or accidental. In order to support that interpretation, I consider passages from the 1929 lecture on ethics. This read us to a reappraisal of the relevance of the Tractarian project of showing that ethical sentences cannot make sense.
Key words: Wittgenstein, Tractatus-Logico-Philosophicus, Ethics, Absolute value judgments, happy life. 


TRUANCY IN RELATION TO NON-VERBAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

Satish Chand Bhadwal & Naveen Kumar Mokta

Page No.: 2364 - 2381

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The present study focussed on studying the variable of truancy in relation to non-verbal intelligence among different groups of high school students. The groups were formed on the basis of gender and place of habitat (urban or rural) of the students. The sample included 640 students taken from twenty schools situated in four districts of Himachal Pradesh. For measuring Non-Verbal Intelligence of the students included in the sample, Standard Progressive Matrices developed by Raven, Court, and Raven (1977) was used in the present study. The results of the study were not uniform in favour of truant or non-truant groups of students and necessitate the replication of the study on a larger sample. 


TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SCHOOLS: THE DIMENSIONS THAT AFFECT MOTIVATION AND PUPIL LEARNING.

Tonia Grace Ganta

Page No.: 2382 - 2390

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Motivation of pupils in the classroom is considered a challenge as it has become quite difficult to compete with the stimulus in the world outside the classroom. Media, computer games etc. involve the child in being passively entertained rather than being actively engaged. In spite of these varied factors that affect motivation, the different motivational patterns of students can be studied and catered to. This review attempts to focus on the reasons for lack of motivation, the different factors that motivate pupils to learn, the role of teachers and the techniques used to enhance motivation to learn, and finally the various aspects that enhance pupils’ motivation to learn apart from the teacher.
Keywords: Motivation, pupil learning, parental involvement, classroom climate. 


HOW AN ORGANIZATION AFFECTS MATHEMATICS TEACHING

Meeta Arora

Page No.: 2391 - 2396

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 The present study aims to find the effects of an organization on Mathematics Teaching. In the paper, the school is treated as an organization. The organizational elements of the school are being studied. These Elements are found to have an effect on mathematics teaching. Some organizational elements were considered problematic and the reasons for their problems were being asked. The study was conducted through administering the questionnaires. The questions were probed in greater detail through interview.
Keywords: organization, school, mathematics teaching, problems, school facilities


TEACHING MATHEMATICS- HOW IT TAKES PLACE IN MATHEMATICS CLASSROOMS: FROM TEACHERS’ VIEWPOINT

Meeta Arora

Page No.: 2398 - 2409

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 Teaching mathematics is a complex enterprise. There are numerous factors that are bound to have an effect on Mathematics teaching. There is a need to look into the factors in greater detail. This would be effective if done from the teachers’ viewpoint. These viewpoints are studied through administration of questionnaires. These questionnaires are studied in detail. Interview was followed for better insight of the responses. The results are being analyzed qualitatively.
Keywords: Mathematics teaching


EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE OF PROSPECTIVE TEACHERS IN RELATION TO THEIR GENDER, STREAM AND SOCIAL CATEGORY

Monika Gupta

Page No.: 2420 - 2429

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 The study was conducted to assess the emotional intelligence of prospective teachers. A sample comprised of 400 prospective teachers (200 male, 100 of each stream i.e., science and arts and 100 of each social category i.e., general and reserved as well as 200 female, 100 of each stream i.e., science and arts and 100 of each social category i.e., general and reserved) from the selected colleges of education from H.P. For this purpose data was collected using Roqan Emotional Intelligence Test by Prof. Roquiya Zainuddin and Anjum Ahmed. For analysis of the obtained data ‘Analysis of Variance’, (2x2x2) factorial design was used. The results indicated that Prospective teachers do not differ and interact significantly in the Emotional intelligence with respect to their gender, stream and social category.
Key Words: Emotional Intelligence, Prospective teachers


ANALYSIS OF PERCEPTION ON THE QUALITATIVE ASPECTS AND COMPREHENSIVE PROSPECTS OF M.Ed. CURRICULUM OF CHHATTISGARH AND ODISHA STATES

Jubraj Khamari

Page No.: 2430 - 2434

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 In the present study an attempt has been made to find out the difference (intra and inter) in the Perceptions of the different categories of respondents of the two states under study regarding the M.Ed. curriculum design as relevance on the basis of experience and expertise of the sample respondents. The responses of the respondents have been collected with the help of a Pre-designed questionnaire reflecting the qualitative aspects and comprehensive level of prospects of M.Ed. curriculum based on certain specific Parameters (8 items) considered for the present study. The scale consists of 8 items each having 4 alternatives such as strongly agree (1), agree (2) disagree (3), strongly disagree (4). The mean score of each item could range from 1 to 4 where 1 indicates strongly agree and 4 indicates strongly disagree (i.e. dissatisfied).
Key Words: qualitative aspects, comprehensive prospects, M.Ed. curriculum, Chhattisgarh and Odisha states.


SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS AND ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE AMONG HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

R. Gokul Raj & S. Nirmala Devi

Page No.: 2435 - 2443

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The main objective of this investigation is to find out the level of acquisition of Science Process
Skills and whether there is any significant difference exists in the dimensions of Science Process
Skills of high school students with respect to few personal variables. For the purpose of this
investigation the researcher has followed normative survey method. Sample consists of 1000 IXth
standard students distributed evenly from5 districts of Tamil Nadu (includes boys [466] and girls
[534] both Tamil and English medium students) from government, government aided and private
schools. Samples were selected using random sampling techniques. The Science Process Skills
Inventory was constructed and validated by the researcher used for this investigation. Collected
data were analyzed using appropriate statistical techniques. The major findings of the research
show that there is very low positive correlation (0.230) between the science process skills and
achievement in science among high school students.
Key Words: Science Process Skills, Scientific inquiry, Achievement in Science 


MENTAL HEALTH OF SCHOOL GOING ADOLESCENTS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

Namesh Kumar & Kuldip Kaur Grewal

Page No.: 2444 - 2450

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Mental health and physical health are correlated with each other. First of all parents should give due attention towards the adolescents. Teacher should also pay healthy role to provide moral values among adolescents. Besides family factor socio-cultural factors also effect mental health. The negative impact of mass media and wrong cultural values affect mental health especially of the adolescent. It needs serious intervention on the part of government and responsible people of the society also. As healthy mind resides in healthy body so emphasis should be laid on to intricate values healthy activities in such school so that the adolescents can never delineate or alienate towards wrong side.
Key Words: Mental health, School Going, Adolescents. 


A STUDY OF EFFECT OF CONCEPT ATTAINMENT MODEL ON ACHIEVEMENT OF GEOMETRIC CONCEPTS OF VIII STANDARD STUDENTS OF ENGLISH MEDIUM STUDENTS OF AURANGABAD CITY

Shaikh Kashefa Anjum

Page No.: 2451 - 2456

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The Objective of the Current study is to study the effect of concept attainment model and traditional method of teaching geometry on the geometric concept achievement. Being the conceptual subject geometry needs the special teaching methods. It has been felt that in spite of strenuous efforts of mathematics teacher, students fail to grasp the certain concepts of the subject which lead disinterest among students towards mathematics in general and geometry in particular. Experimental research method was used for present study. Tool used for the research self prepared geometric concept lesson transcripts of geometry and lesson plans of traditional method and for post test standardized ‘Geometric concept test’ by S.C. Gakhar. The present study reveals that there is a significant difference between concept attainment model (CAM) and traditional method on the achievement of students in understanding of geometric concepts. Of these methods concept attainment model is more effective than traditional method.
Key Words: Concept Attainment Model, Geometry, Traditional Method. 


A STUDY OF HIGHER MENTAL ABILITY IN SCIENCE AMONG JUNIOR COLLEGE STUDENTS OF JALNA DISTRICT

Siddiqui Fakeha Salahuddin

Page No.: 2457 - 2463

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Present research Aims to study Higher Mental Ability in Science among Junior College Students of Jalna District. The sample of the study was selected by Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling method which includes 500 junior college students from eight talukas of Jalna District studying in science stream .Tool used for the research was standardized ‘Test of higher mental ability in science (THMAS)’ by Dr.D.N.Sansanwal. Research finding reveals that the higher mental ability in science of junior college students is average. The Application ability in science of junior college students was found average, whereas the Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation ability respectively was found to be is low. Result also revealed that there is significant difference between application analysis, synthesis ability of male and female students and no significant difference between evaluation ability of male and female students.
Key Words: Higher Mental Ability in Science, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation. 


THE UNFINISHED AGENDA OF RE-INVENTING SCIENCE EDUCATION IN NIGERIA: MYTHS AND POLICY OPTIONS

Jacinta A. Opara

Page No.: 2357 - 2367

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Throughout history,science has been an important instrument per excellence for development. As a tool in technological advancement and contributing to social and economic growth, science teaching-learning has become an accepted and indispensable aspect of the mainstream of educational systems in developed and developing countries.Globalization has its challenges amongst which conversation of the environment, population explosion, desertification, soil erosion, pollution, HIV/AIDS and increased use of science and technology. It is imperative to strengthen all the instruments of Science, Technology and Mathematics (STM)education especially the curriculum so that may equip learners adequately for survival in age that will be dominated by science and high technology. The close and mutual beneficial trilateral relationship among STM education will equip the learner with functional scientific knowledge for technological development. This issue becomes important once again in resonating with research on STM education as a way forward in the context of globalization. Keywords: Science, Technology, Mathematics, Education, Students, Teachers, Curriculum, Nigeria 


ICT IN EDUCATION FOR E – LEARNING APPROACH

Mr. Pardeep Thakral

Page No.: 2477 - 2482

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Communication and information are at the heart of educational process. Information and communication technology has plays very important role in education i.e. informal and formal education. Information and communication Technologies (ICTs) have been utilized by education since their inception, but they have been massively present in schools only since the early 1980s. Developed countries have applied them to K-12 education for variety of reasons, most of which are still valued today, although in many cases they have remained unfulfilled exceptions.
In education ICT is used as a combination of various technologies ranging from simple technology like print based communication to online communication. Its use encompasses most aspects of educational operations though the major emphasis has been put forth to initiate the use of computers based technologies into the existing technique learning processes not many efforts have been made for providing computer literacy / skills and training teachers. Unless it is ascertained that the teachers and learners have the right attitude and aptitude to use the new technologies, situations are not going to change. At present, though there has been a significant expansion of use of computers and related technologies much is yet to be achieved 


THE VALUE BASED EDUCATION SYSTEM

Ved Prakash

Page No.: 2483 - 2488

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Education is that process of development which consist the passage of human being from infancy to maturity, the process whereby he adapts himself gradually in various way to his physical & spiritual environment. A value is a belief that something is good and worthwhile. It defines what is worth having and worth striving for.
The students of value orientated constitution aim at complete development of human personality. Its purpose is to increase efficiency and happiness of human being. Unfortunately we see non value based education is directed to get a job or service only. That is what most people believe to be the purpose of education. Parents too look to education as the means for enabling their wards to get fined into some career. So, to eradicate this problem and to establish human values, the Stance Rules, the Art of Living, Meditation, Geeta classes, Yagna and Yoga classes helps a great deal in reducing Machiavellianism i.e. a tendency of manipulating others for his own purpose & in increasing selfless idea.
Hence Education is extremely necessary for man. It makes him a true harmonious and live life orderly. It leads to self-Enlighten and self realization. No good life is conceivable without value- oriented education. This leads to fulfillment of Evolutionary role in man & in life 


ARE THE PRINCIPALS OF HIGHER SECONDARY EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERS?

Vasundhara Padmanabhan

Page No.: 2489 - 2497

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Teaching and learning are what everyone should focus on in any institution. This should not only be with teachers, academic coordinators, heads of the departments, and members of internal quality assurance cell but also of Principals and Vice Principals, and they should exhibit an exceptionally high level of detailed knowledge about the craft of teaching. Principals as instructional leaders should be aware of the latest pedagogical practices, their effectiveness and should encourage and facilitate the implementation of such practices in the institutions. People should get expected support in solving problems of instructional practice from their peers and supervisors, and problems in design or implementation of instruction should be shared and discussed (even with supervisors) rather than hidden from view. The Principals are no more mere administrators; they should be taking crucial decisions about the instructional process and are accountable for the quality of instruction. Here arises the need of grooming the Principals of higher secondary educational institutions differently and Instructional Leadership Program is the answer to this.
Key words: Instructional Leadership, Institutional Effectiveness, Higher Education


MOTIVATIONAL BELIEFS OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

Nasser Hussein Nasser

Page No.: 2506 - 2523

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The beliefs of motivation play an active role in student learning, so it helps increase the attention of
students and their mingle into the educational activities, and control of the factors affecting the
completion of the learning task, and that they have a more important role in raising the performance
and achievement level of students in various fields of study and activities that they face, Moreover, it
is a way more confident and stable for predicting academic behavior of students, thus research is
targeted: First, measure the beliefs of motivation among university students. Secondly, you know the
differences in the beliefs of motivation among university students according to the variables of gender
and specialization. To achieve the two goals, and put the researcher measure the beliefs of
motivation, and includes (36) paragraph describing the beliefs of motivation among university
students, divided into (3) components, namely: self-efficacy, and the value of work, and the concern of
the test, has been applied to a sample scale of (412)from the Al-Qadisiyah University students, and
the community, and the rate of (193) male and 219 female students (12) scientific and humane college
and public school in the (2013-2014), and after processing the data statistically using the test (Ttest)
for one sample, and analysis of variance, and the difference path (LSD) test and Pearson
correlation coefficient, and the researcher has reached a number of conclusions:1. Measuring
Motivational Beliefs of Al-Qadisiyah University students. 2. Statistically significant difference in the
beliefs of motivation among university students according to the variables of gender and
specialization, and based on those results provide the researcher with a number of recommendations
and suggestions. 


BOOK REVIEW OF PRINCIPLES OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT 14th Edition

Prabhjot Kaur

Page No.: 2523 - 2527

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AN INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUE IN DATA STRUCTURE TO FIND MINIMUM SPANNING TREE OF GRAPH

Intedhar Shakir Nasir

Page No.: 2524 - 2530

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 Minimum spanning tree of any weighted graph is that tree whose sum of weights are least than any tree in the forest on that particular graph, because of this feature of minimum spanning tree, it can be applied to find the shortest route.The present study focuses that how data structure can be implemented to find the minimum spanning tree of any type of graph i.e. directed, undirected and weighted. This has been implemented inC programming language and the properties of graph implemented to find the final cost of tree. Adjacency matrix and adjacency list concept is used to organize the memory location of the graphs. Link list, tree and graph concept used to find minimum spanning. In the experiment review the result from KRUSKAL theorem and PRIMs theorem exactly same as the result got from the C source code.


Mathematical foundation of computer science by G. Shankar Rao Discrete Mathematics by M.D. Bhagat& R.S. Bhamare Data Structure using C by Aaron M. Tenenbaum, YedidyahLangsam, Moshe J. Augenstrin Data Structure through C by YeshwantKanetkar
BISAVI SHATI KE ANTIM DASHAK KI KAHANI "SAMAJIK PARIVARTAN KA DASTAVEJ"

Sandhya Garg

Page No.: 2530 - 2539

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IMPACT OF LIBRARY AUTOMATION ON HIGHER EDUCATION

Girand Singh

Page No.: 2540 - 2543

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 Implementation of Modern Technology and multimedia is playing vital role in the field of library and information science and library automation in particular. The present article is referred to the status and problems of library automation under RUSA, in government degree colleges at district Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh. The study clearly presents the status of Library automation and main problems for library automation are inadequate staff, lack of infrastructure, insufficient funds and lack of training to library staff. This study also gives a status view of the software packages used by libraries and modules of library automation are using. It is evident from the study out of 7 libraries 4 libraries are using e-granthalaya, in this some of libraries are partially completed and some of are in initial stage. Further about 3 colleges are using Easy Lib Software. 
Key words: Library Automation, Government Colleges, Benefits of Library Automation,
E-Granthalaya.
 


SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN NASHIK: STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES

Prakash A. Pagare

Page No.: 2544 - 2550

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Tourism in Nashik is practiced since past. Thousands of pilgrims visit Nasik every year. Nashik is famous known for its regions tourism since past in the history like the Kumbh Mela which comes after every 12 years. This is the destination for thousands of pilgrims. It is not only biggest pilgrim center for the Hindus but for many religions like Buddhist, Jain’s, Sikhs, Muslims and Parses. Besides this type of tourism other tourism like the agro- tourism, educational tourism, nature tourism and many more to add but what is need of time is one should have certain strategic plan for practicing tourism in Nashik and that has to be Sustainable Tourism, so that it should not cause damage either to the tourist nor to the tourist places. Key Words: Pilgrims, Khumbah Mela, Agro- tourism, Educational Tourism, Nature tourism, etc.


A STUDY OF PROFESSIONALISM AMONG TEACHERS IN PROFESSIONAL COLLEGES IN RELATION TO THE INSTITUTIONAL CLIMATE

Geeta Shetty

Page No.: 2551 - 2559

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Teacher professionalism is a very often deliberated upon but seldom given any serious consideration. Teaching is considered to be a profession, however there are teachers teaching at different levels and different disciplines. Would the degree of professionalism vary with the different disciplines? The following study attempts to find answers to the same question. Also of great significance is the role that an institutional environment would have on the Professionalism of teachers. Teachers of four professions were studied namely Architecture, Management, medicine and Teacher Education. The study yielded very significant answers that could help institutions and teachers to work in the direction of heightened professionalism. Keywords: Institutional climate, Professionalism, Professional awareness, Professional approaches, Professional mind-set.


NEGOTIATIONS ON IRAN’S NUCLEAR DEAL: A NEED OF STUDY

Hemant Kumar Pandey

Page No.: 2560 - 2566

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SANSKRUT SAHITYA EANV CHAMPU KAVYA

Birpal Singh

Page No.: 2567 - 2572

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GRAMIN AARTHIK VIKAS ME KSHETRIY GRAMIN BANKON KI BHUMIKA

Ragini Agrawal

Page No.: 2573 - 2577

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AN INNOVATIVE APPROACH IN ELEMENTARY EDUCATION

Shalini Tyagi

Page No.: 2578 - 2585

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SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION

Khushal Limbraj Mundhe

Page No.: 2579 - 2582

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Education for sustainable development (ESD) is a term used by the United Nations and is defined as education that encourages changes in knowledge, skills, values and attitudes to enable a more sustainable and just society for all. ESD aims to empower and equip current and future generations to meet their needs using a balanced and integrated approach to the economic, social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Agenda 21 was the first international document that identified education as an essential tool for achieving sustainable development and highlighted areas of action for education. ESD is a component of measurement in an indicator for Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG) for responsible consumption and production. SDG 12 has 11 targets and target 12.8 is By 2030, ensure that people everywhere have the relevant information and awareness for sustainable development and lifestyles in harmony with nature. One version of education for Sustainable Development recognizes modern-day environmental challenges and seeks to define new ways to adjust to a changing biosphere, as well as engage individuals to address societal issues that come with them In the International Encyclopaedia of Education, this approach to education is seen as an attempt to "shift consciousness toward an ethics of life-giving relationships that respects the interconnectedness of man to his natural world" in order to equip future members of society with environmental awareness and a sense of responsibility to sustainability. Keywords – Sustainable Development, Education, Policy Makers


https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_development#:~:text=Education%20for%20sustain https://www.unesco.org/en/education/sustainable-development https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/ https://www.developmenteducationreview.com/issue/issue-6/education-and-sustainable-development