SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Philosophy of education takes its shape through integration as well as synthesis of cultural inputs. National philosophers of Indian education, for example, are – Swami Vivekananda, Rabindra Nath Tagore, Shri Aurobindo, and Mahatma Gandhi – who have offered their best in building Indian philosophy of education. These four Indian educators have been discussed about Education briefly. Sri Aurobindo who envisages integrating our body, mind and spirit for the upgrading of self. Education is the way to realize the self and the world. Swami Vivekananda emphasizes on mass education. He believed in the potentiality of human being and the education is the means of extracting and developing those potentialities. Tagore applied his creative self-expression on education. Gandhi on the foundation of truth and nonviolence very much significant in today’s perspective. These four systems of education are very reflective and ultimately able to evaluate our present day’s peace education very critically.

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Blake, Nigel. 1985. ‘Peace Education and National Security’. Journal of Philosophy of Education. 19(1):27-38. Calleja, Joachim James. 1991. ‘A Kantian Epistemology of Education and Peace: An Examination of Concepts and Values’. Unpublished PhD Thesis. University of Bradford. Department of Peace Studies. Dewey, John. 1967-1991. The Collected Works of John Dewey, 1882-1953. Edited Jo Ann Boydston. Carbonsdale: Southern Illinois University Press. The standard citation comprises EW, MW or LW (Early, Middle or Late Works), followed by volume and page number. Galtung, Johan. 1975. Peace: Research, Action, Education. Essays in Peace Studies: Volume 1. Copenhagen: Ejlers. Cited as EPR1.

The present investigation was carried out at the Natawad dam in the Nandurbar District of Maharashtra, India. Blue Green algae are cosmopolitan in distribution. Throughout the investigation, a total of 24 BGA species of 10 genera were identified. The reported BGA species are a) Gloeocapsa punctate b) Chroococcus pallidus c) Chroococcus minutus d) Chroococcus minor e) Microcystis aeruginosa f) Merismopedia marssonii g) Lyngbya aestuarii h) Lyngbya majuscule i) Lyngbya lutea j) Oscillatoria laete-virens var. minimus k) Oscillatoria martini l) Oscillatoria princeps m) Oscillatoria subbrevis n) Oscillatoria perornata o) Oscillatoria terebriformis p) Oscillatoria tenuis q) Oscillatoria chalybae r) Oscillatoria pseudogeminata s) Spirulina major t) Geitlerinema amphibium u) Geitlerinema calcuttensis v) Phormidium uncinatum w) Phormidium willei x) Pseudanabaena catenata etc. During the study of filamentous genera, Oscillatoria was the dominant genus observed. Key words: - Blue green Algae, Cyanobacteria, Algae.

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Anagnostidis, K. (1989). Geitlerinema, a new genus of oscillatorialean cyanophytes. Plant systematics and evolution, 164, 33-46. Büdel, B. (2011). Cyanobacteria: habitats and species. In Plant desiccation tolerance (pp. 11-21). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Büdel, B., Duli?, T., Darienko, T., Rybalka, N., & Friedl, T. (2016). Cyanobacteria and algae of biological soil crusts. In Biological soil crusts: an organizing principle in drylands (pp. 55-80). Springer, Cham. De Clerck, O., Bogaert, K. A., & Leliaert, F. (2012). Diversity and evolution of algae: primary endosymbiosis. In Advances in botanical research (Vol. 64, pp. 55-86). Academic Press.

The present study investigates the effectiveness of computer based instruction on mathematics achievement in relation to mathematics anxiety. The sample of 216 students of class IX was drawn from four different schools of Jalandhar district in Punjab. Computer based instructional material was prepared and implemented to the experimental group after pre- testing. The gain scores were computed after post-test for all the students. The data obtained were analyzed statistically with the help of mean, standard deviation and analysis of variance. An analysis of variance (2×3) was used to arrive at the following conclusions: (i) The achievement of group taught through computer based instruction was found significantly higher than that of group taught through traditional method of teaching, (ii) The achievement of students with different mathematics anxiety was found significantly different from one another in mathematics, (iii) Significant interaction effect was found between instructional strategies and mathematics anxiety on mathematics achievement. Keywords: Computer Based Instruction, Mathematics Achievement, Mathematics Anxiety

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Afjal, M. T., Gondal, B., & Fatima, N. (2014). The effect of computer based instructional technique for the learning of elementary level mathematics among high, average and low achievers. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 10(4), 47-59. Aggarwal, A. (2012). Effectiveness of computer based concept mapping in acquisition of concepts of chemistry in relation to attitude towards science. Unpublished Ph. D. Thesis, Chandigarh: Panjab University. Alacapinar, F. G. (2003). The effect of traditional education and education via computer on the students’ gain. Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, 10, 40-45.

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Wang, Y., Kala, M. P., & Jafar, T. H. (2020). Factors associated with psychological distress during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the predominantly general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS one, 15(12), e0244630. Hawes, M. T., Szenczy, A. K., Klein, D. N., Hajcak, G., & Nelson, B. D. (2021). Increases in depression and anxiety symptoms in adolescents and young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological Medicine, 1-9. Zhou, J., Yuan, X., Qi, H., Liu, R., Li, Y., Huang, H., ... & Wang, G. (2020). Prevalence of depression and its correlative factors among female adolescents in China during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak. Globalization and health, 16(1), 1-6. Chen, F., Zheng, D., Liu, J., Gong, Y., Guan, Z., & Lou, D. (2020). Depression and anxiety among adolescents during COVID-19: A cross-sectional study. Brain, behavior, and immunity, 88, 36.

Over the year’s substance abuse among young adults has increased, especially during the time of Covid due to multiple reasons. The emotional Intelligence analyses the emotions of yours and others as well to relive the negative emotions. The aim of the study is to study emotional intelligence as a factor of substance abuse in adults during the time of Covid. Fifty-one individuals from the Indian population were studied, the data was collected through google form. To measure substance abuse alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening test (ASSIST) was used and to measure emotional intelligence Schutte Self-Report Emotional Intelligence Test (SSEIT) was used. The result of the study revealed that in substances like tobacco and hallucinogens, the emotional intelligence does not play a significant role and in alcohol and cannabis it does. The study highlights that emotional intelligence might not affect an individual directly to all substances but can affect indirectly.

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Ambekar , A., Agrawal , A., Rao , R., Mishra , A. K., , & Khandelwal , S. K., Chadda RK on behalf of the group of investigators for the National Survey on Extent and Pattern of Substance Use in India. (2019). Magnitude of Substance Use in India. New Delhi: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India. Bartel, S. J., Sherry, S. B., & Stewart, S. H. (2020). Self-isolation: A significant contributor to cannabis use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Substance Abuse, 41(4), 409-–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/08897077.2020.1823550. Ciarrochi, J., Deane, F. P., & Anderson, S. (2002). Emotional intelligence moderates the relationship between stress and mental health. Personality and Individual Differences, 32(2), 197-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(01)00012-5.

The amount of information we are exposed to on a daily basis is astounding: today, we take-in five times than we did thirty-five years back. The internet era has altered people's attention spans. Human physiology has also been changed by technology. It has an impact on our memory, attention spans, and sleep cycles. The current study is an effort to explore the link between attention span and social media use among young adults. The sample size was 110 participants, and the tool used was the Everyday Life Attention Span (ELAS). According to the data, there is no significant relationship between Span of Attention and Social Media Usage among young adults. Keywords: span of attention; social-media; young adults; everyday activities

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Firth, J. A., Torous, J., & Firth, J. (2020). Exploring the Impact of Internet Use on Memory and Attention Processes. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(24), 9481. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph172494 81 I. (2011, August 11). Students’ concentration adversely affected by social networking sites. The Hindu. https://www.thehindu.com/sci- tech/technology/internet/students- concentration-adversely-affected-by- social-networking- sites/article2346038.ece Online social media use does not impair our ability to concentrate. (2021). ScienceDaily. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releas es/2016/10/161007115409.htm Kulahlioglu, C. (2021, April 23). Social Media’s Influence on Our Attention Spans. The Science Survey. https://thesciencesurvey.com/editoria l/2021/04/23/social-medias- influence-on-our-attention-spans/

Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) is a long-term endocrine disorder that is characterized by hyperandrogenism, poly cystic ovaries, and ovulatory dysfunction. PCOS takes a significant toll not only on one’s physical but also mental health, which, is often neglected. Since PCOS can’t be cured but only managed through a range of lifestyle and health psychological interventions, it becomes imperative to study how women with PCOS cope with the disorder. This study examined coping, anxiety, depression, stress, and quality of life amongst Indian women with PCOS. Results indicate that coping style, especially disengagement coping style has a significant impact on the levels of depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life women with PCOS experience.

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Azziz, R., Carmina, E., Chen, Z., Dunaif, A., Laven, J. S. E., Legro, R. S., … Yildiz, B. O. (2016). Polycystic ovary syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 2, 16057. doi:10.1038/nrdp.2016.57 Boals, A., vanDellen, M. R., & Banks, J. B. (2011). The relationship between self-control and health: The mediating effect of avoidant coping. Psychology & Health, 26(8), 1049–1062. doi:10.1080/08870446.2010.529139 Bucks, R. S., Cruise, K. E., Skinner, T. C., Loftus, A. M., Barker, R. A., & Thomas, M. G. (2011). Coping processes and health-related quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 26(3), 247–255. doi:10.1002/gps.2520

Early attachment history with the attachment figure has been linked to the attachment style used in adulthood especially in romantic relationships. The present study aimed to investigate the role of parenting styles of mothers and mother-child attachment security in the development of attachment styles and how these attachment styles work as prototypes in adulthood impacting romantic relationships. The sample consisted of young Indian participants (n=157) with an equal number of males and females ranging from ages 18-25. An online survey form was distributed consisting of three tools- Parental Authority Questionnaire, on mothers (PAQ; Buri, 1991), Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised Questionnaire (ECR; Fraley, Waller & Brennan 2000), and Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA; Armsden and Greenberg, 1987). The results revealed a significant negative association between insecure attachment styles (anxious and avoidant) and authoritative parenting style as well as mother-child attachment security and a significant positive correlation with authoritarian parenting style. Keywords: authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, mother-child attachment, anxious-attachment, avoidant-attachment, gender

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Agishtein, P., & Brumbaugh, C. (2013). Cultural variation in adult attachment: The impact of ethnicity, collectivism, and country of origin. Journal of Social, Evolutionary, and Cultural Psychology, 7(4), 384.http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0099181 Ainsworth, M. D. S. (1978). The Bowlby-Ainsworth attachment theory. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 1(3), 436–438. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00075828 Akhtar, Z. (2012). The effect of parenting style of parents on the attachment styles of undergraduate students. Language in India, 12(1), 555-566. Anwer, M., Malik, N. I., Maqsood, A., & Rehman, G.. (2017). The moderating role of social intelligence in explaining attachment style and emotional intelligence among young adults. Pakistan Journal of Psychology. 2017;48(2):, 3-–20.

Every year, approximately 30,000 rape cases are reported in India, and the number of unreported cases is even higher. The aim of the present study is to analyze the relationship between rape myth and sexism and also to observe the difference between males and females around these two aspects. A sample of 99 individuals including 71 females and 28 males completed the Illinois Rape Myth Acceptance scale and Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Findings suggested that there is a significant and positive relationship between sexism and rape myth but the difference among genders isn’t substantial. Keywords: Sexism, Rape Myth, Gender Differences

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Aosved, A. C. & Long, P. (2006). Co-occurrence of rape myth acceptance, sexism, racism, homophobia, ageism, classism, and religious intolerance. Sex Roles, 55(7-8), 481-492. doi:http://dx.doi.org.tcsedsystem.idm.oclc.org/10.1007/s11199-006-9101-4 Bannon, R.S., Brosi, M.W., & Foubert, J.D. (2013). Sorority Women’s and Fraternity Men’s Rape Myth Acceptance and Bystander Intervention Attitudes. Journal of Student Affairs. Research and Practice, 50 (1), 72-87 doi:10.1515/jsarp-2013-005) Chapleau, K. M. (2010). The effect of victim status and system threat on rape myth acceptance (Doctoral Dissertation) Order No. 3412200. Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (734403161)

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According to the Registrar General of India, reported a total of 1,39,123 suicides in 2019 which had increased from 2018, in which 1,34,516 young adults committed suicide, an increase from 1,29,887 in 2017. The aim of research is to investigate the relationship between parenting style , social support on suicide ideations among young adults. A sample of 100 participants were collected from which 50 were male and 50 were female aged from 18 to 25 years old. The scale used were Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) by Zimet et al. (1988), The Scale for Suicide Ideation by Beck, Parental Authority Questionnaire by Baumrind (shortversion). Finding suggest that their was no correlation between parenting style, and suicide ideation were as their is negative correlation between social support and suicide ideation, also their could be seen a sightly higher difference between male suicide ideations than female. Keywords - Parenting style, Social Support, Suicide Ideation, Gender.

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Arria, A. M., O'Grady, K. E., Caldeira, K. M., Vincent, K. B., Wilcox, H. C., & Wish, E. D. (2009). Suicide ideation among college students: a multivariate analysis. Archives of suicide research : official journal of the International Academy for Suicide Research, 13(3),230–246. Carl I Moller, Sue M Cotton, Paul B Badcock, Sarah E Hetrick, Michael Berk, Olivia M Dean, Andrew M Chanen, Christopher G Davey, Relationships Between Different Dimensions of Social Support and Suicidal Ideation in Young People with Major Depressive Disorder, Donath, C., Graessel, E., Baier, D. et al. Is parenting style a predictor of suicide attempts in a representative sample of adolescents?. BMC Pediatr 14, 113 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-1 4-113

The theory of parenting styles strategies on emotional intelligence and academic achievement of adolescents has evoked great interest both in the academic and the nonacademic world. Therapists, educators, and parents want to know what they can do to help children to develop their emotional intelligence and academic achievement. Some researchers consider parenting styles influence the emotional intelligence of the adolescents and further influence their academic achievement. According to Steinberg (1990) a majority of parents feels that the adolescent years are the most challenging and difficult one for parenting. In spite of rapid changes within the modern family, parental discipline is very essential for building healthy emotionality and personality of the child. Emotional intelligence is essential for the success and academic achievement of adolescents. For the present investigation, though many tools are available on the subject, the researcher developed and constructed the parenting styles strategies and emotional intelligence inventories to suit the requirements of present-day adolescents. The preliminary form of parenting styles strategies and emotional intelligence& academic achievement inventory covering 4 areas with 50 statements developed by the researcher is used to elicit information regarding selected demographic variables from the X th class students studying in various government and private schools at Tirupati (AP). The inventory is of five-point scale with five alternatives. All the problems are given in the form of statements. To establish validity and reliability of the inventory, a study was conducted on a sample of 50 boys and 50 girls studying X th standard in Tirupati town of Andhra Pradesh state. The students were selected on the basis of simple random technique. The data were arranged in descending order on the basis of their total scores in the inventory. Out of this, bottom 27 percent and top 27 percent were separated on the basis of the total scores. For each of the items of the inventory, an independent t-test was calculated between these two groups. The items for which t-value was significant at 0.05 level only were considered. In parenting styles strategies and emotional intelligence & academic achievement inventory, out of 50 items 43 were retained and 7 were deleted. In order to validate the items for their comprehension, structure, grammar and the clarity of the meaning, the inventory was presented to experts in the field to suggest the modifications required if any. Their suggestions were incorporated and modified the items accordingly. Thus, the content validity and face validity of the inventory were established. Keywords: Parenting Styles Strategies, Emotional Intelligence and Academic Achievement, Inventory, Adolescents, Parents.

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Aunola, K., Stattin, H., &Nurmi, J.E. (2000).Parenting styles and adolescents’ achievement strategies. Journal of Adolescents, 23, 205-222. Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monograph, 4(1, Pt. 2), 1-103. Beyers, W., & Goossens, L. (1999). Emotional autonomy, psychosocial adjustment and parenting: interactions, moderating and mediating effects. Journal of Adolescence, 22, 753– 769. Boyatzis, R. E., Goleman, D., & Rhee, K. (2000). Clustering competence in emotional intelligence: Insights from the Emotional Competence Inventory (ECI)s, Handbook of emotional intelligence. SanFrancisco: Jossey-Bass, pp. 343-362.

In this paper we will analyze the suggestopedia methods on teaching of English vocabulary for 7th Standard students. There are four main stages of the activities in suggestopedia method. They are presentation, concert session (active and passive), elaboration, and practice. In the presentation stage, the students are helped to get positive mind that learning is easy and fun. In this stage, the teacher sets the environment of the class as comfortable and cheerful as it could be for the students. In the active concert, the teacher reads a text and is repeated by the students. After that, in the passive concert, the teacher plays some baroque music in the background and she/he reads the text again and the students listen carefully. In the elaboration, the teacher tells the students that they will do something like making film, gaming, etc. after the concert session. In the practice stage, the teacher uses games, puzzles, etc. to review the students View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Jurnal Mahasiswa Universitas Negeri Surabaya understanding. This research aims to describe the teacher activities in the presentation stage, concert session, elaboration stage, and in practice stage. The researcher chose descriptive qualitative as the research design because the aim of this study is to describe the activities of the teacher during the implementation of Suggestopedia Method and there was no treatment in this study. The researcher concentrated on one of English teacher who teach in elementary school in one of small cities in East Java. The data in this study was the result of observation field note. The data were analyzed descriptively to answer the research questions. The writer wrote all information about everything happened during the teaching-learning process in the form of long note. The results and discussion are first, the presentation stage of the suggestopedia method was done to make the students feel that learning English is fun and not stressing. Keywords: suggestopedia method, vocabulary achievement

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M. Nowbakht, Ahmad Moinzadeh, AzizollahDabaghi, Issues in Vocabulary Learning and Teaching, (MJLTM, Vol.5, Issue 2, June 2015), p.247. Hatch and Brown. Evelyn Hatch and Cheryl Brown, Vocabulary, Semantics, and Language Education, (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998 Jack C. Richards and Willy A Renandya.. Methodology in Language Teaching, An Anthology of Current Pactice. (NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2002),

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321214931_Portrayal_of_Women_in_Television_TV_Serials https://ijournals.in/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/6.21008-Anamika.pdf https://www.caluniv.ac.in/global-mdia-journal/Students'%20Research/SR2%20DEBANJALI.pdf https://www.academia.edu/33736631/Portrayal_of_Women_in_Indian_Television_Serials_An_Exploratory_Study https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09737189.2010.11885293

Now a day’s application of artificial intelligence is in every facet of our life and field of education is no more an exception. NEP 2020 has also emphasized the role of technology and specifically Artificial Intelligence in education (AIED). AIED is empowering our education system. AI is integrated in our education system in form of personalized learning, in administering tasks of an educational institutes and helping teachers in their teaching process. Though the motive of AIED is to support teachers’ and students’ teaching and learning experiences but such ethical intentions are not by themselves sufficient. These ethical concerns are very complex and it is not so easy to achieve them. There is need to explicitly consider ethical issues such as privacy, fairness, transparency, biases, autonomy etc. So the teachers and students using artificial intelligence tools must be fully aware of these ethical issues and should try to take full advantage of these tools. To achieve the potential benefit of artificial intelligence in education and minimizing its ethical drawbacks there is a need of well-structured framework and guidelines for implementing ethics of AIED. Key Words - Artificial Intelligence, Artificial Intelligence in education (AIED)

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Akgun S. and Greenhow C. (2021). Artificial intelligence in education: Addressing ethical challenges in K-12 settings, DOI: 10.1007/s43681-021-00096-7 Budhwar K. (2017). International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology , Vol. 2, Issue 8, ISSN No. 2455-2143 Holmes W. et al. (2021). Ethics of AI in Education: Towards a Community-Wide Framework, International Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Education,

Trigonometry is an area of mathematics that students believe to be particularly difficult and abstract compared with the other subjects of mathematics. Trigonometry is often introduced early in year eight with most textbooks traditionally starting with naming sides of right-angled triangles. Students need to see and understand why their learning of trigonometry matters. In this research paper an attempt has been made to find out the gender wise and school wise difference in Trigonometry competency and Academic achievement in mathematics among high school students.300 students of IX class were selected randomly as a sample of the study. Trigonometry Concept Test (TCT) constructed by Dr.Jasdeep Kaur Sachdeva and Pooja Arora were used as tool of study. The results revealed that sex wise and school wise students do not differ significantly from each other with respect to Trigonometry competency and Academic achievement. Keywords: Trigonometry competency and Academic achievement among high school students, obstacles for learning.

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Narayanan,S. et. al, (2009).Trigonometry for B.Sc. mathematics.Chennai.Viswanathan SPrinters Huda,WN.et. al, (2017) Analysis of mathematical problem solving abilities in terms of students’ motivation and learning styles.page 6(3):209–17. J Prim Educ.

Mahasweta Devi’s short story ‘Rudali’ is a unique subaltern and feminist text. Devi’s short story as well as the film adaption of the same, Kalpana Lajmi’s Rudaali has been explored in this article. The text highlights the plight of women in the system of exploitation and hunger. Amidst the never-ending class struggle, that Devi’s work so effectively deliver, the issue of gender struggle is highlighted in Lajmi’s film. This article explores how Mahasweta Devi discovers a language through which the subaltern may speak, the language of tears. Tears that have been eternally associated with the female become the unique language of the feminine to speak for themselves in both Devi’s ’Rudali’ and Lajmi’s Rudaali. Keywords-Caste system, Female plight, subjugation, gender struggle, subaltern, Dalit women

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C.B, Manjusha. “Decoding Visions of Misery” through Rudali of Mahasweta Devi and the Rudalis of Reality. Bharatiya Pragna: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Indian Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2016. Devi Mahasweta, Breast Stories Trans. Gaytri Spivak, Calcutta Seagull. Devi, Mahasweta. Rudali. Karuna Prakashni: Calcutta, 1980. Print Guha, Saikat. “Rudali”: Men, Women and the Politics of Crying. Bharatiya Pragna: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Indian Studies. Vol. 1, No. 3, 2016. Jha, Ajit. The Dalits, Still untouchable. India Today. February 3, 2016.

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The belief is wide spread that studies are unethical if their sample size is not large enough to ensure adequate power .An important step when designing an empirical study is to justify the optimum sample size that will be required. Inappropriate, inadequate, or excessive sample sizes continue to influence the quality and accuracy of research. In order to generalize from a random sample and avoid sampling errors or biases, a random sample needs to be of adequate size .The aim of a sample size justification is to explain how the collected data is expected to provide valuable information given the inferential goals of the researcher. Two distinct investigations conducted on a same sample with the same methodology and achieving equivalent results are different only in terms of sample size .This manuscript describes the procedures for determining sample size using different formulas, a table is provided that can be used to select the sample size for a research problem based on three alpha levels (1%, 5% and10% )and a set of error rate. There are a number of practical issues in selecting the values for the parameters required in the sample size calculation formula. This study presents a summary of how to calculate the survey sample size in social research, information system research, industry, agriculture, and medical studies, to name just a few .In this context, sample size formulae given by different authors have also been discussed in the present article.

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Bacchetti, Peter, et al. "Ethics and sample size." American journal of epidemiology 161.2 (2005): 105-110. Charan, Jaykaran, and Tamoghna Biswas. "How to calculate sample size for different study designs in medical research?" Indian journal of psychological medicine 35.2 (2013): 121-126 Cochran, William G. Sampling techniques. John Wiley & Sons, 1977 Daniel, Wayne W., and Chad L. Cross. Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. Wiley, 2018 Dell, Ralph B., Steve Holleran, and Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan. "Sample size determination." ILAR journal 43.4 (2002): 207-213. Dodge, Yadolah. The concise encyclopedia of statistics. Springer Science & Business Media, 2008. Gonick, L., and W. Smith. "The Cartoon Guide to Statistics, HarperPerennial, New York, NY." (1993). Jones, S., S. Carley, and M. Harrison. "An introduction to power and sample size estimation." Emergency medicine journal: EMJ 20.5 (2003): 453. Kadam, Prashant, and Supriya Bhalerao. "Sample size calculation." International journal of Ayurveda research 1.1 (2010): 55. Lakens, Daniel. "Sample size justification." Collabra: Psychology 8.1 (2022): 33267. Moore, David S., George P. McCabe, and Bruce A. Craig. "Introduction to the practice of statistics. New York: W. H." (1999). Naing, Nyi Nyi. "Determination of sample size." The Malaysian journal of medical sciences: MJMS 10.2 (2003): 84. Singh, Ajay S., and Micah B. Masuku. "Sampling techniques & determination of sample size in applied statistics research: An overview." International Journal of economics, commerce and management 2.11 (2014): 1-22. Taherdoost, Hamed. "Determining sample size; how to calculate survey sample size." International Journal of Economics and Management Systems 2 (2017). Wang, Hansheng, and Shein?Chung Chow. "Sample size calculation for comparing proportions." Wiley Encyclopedia of clinical trials 10 (2007): 9781118445112 Whitley, Elise, and Jonathan Ball. "Statistics review 4: sample size calculations." Critical care 6.4 (2002): 1-7. 1, No. 3, 2016

Learning is a continuous process and helps in the holistic development of the learners. The modes of learning can be effectively planned when we identify the learning needs. Hence efforts should be taken to identify the needs of the learner based on their abilities, and plan methods in enhancing these abilities to foster the learning process. This paper is an attempt to enhance student learning among B. Ed students through multiple-mode approaches to teaching and learning

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https://www.growthengineering.co.uk/70-quotes-about-learning/ https://www.learnupon.com/blog/multimodal-learning/ https://www.prodigygame.com/main-en/blog/teaching-strategies/ https://thirdspacelearning.com/blog/teaching-strategies/

Achievement of Students in Education is considered to be the ideal function of the system of Education. Preparing students for excellence is the goal of the education system in this technical era. The increase in intricacies due to the advent of technology is enormous. The students of the present situation are more tech-savvy and indulge in smart work and are more prone to practice procrastination and which reflects on their self-confidence. The present study examines the relationship between academic achievement, academic procrastination, and self-confidence in higher secondary schools. A standardized tool was administered to a sample of 200 students selected randomly from the Thiruvallur District, Tamil Nadu, and India. The investigator found that there existed a significant inverse relationship between achievement and procrastination. Students with high self-confidence cope and bounce back to normalcy and those with low self-confidence are found to have poor achievement.

Akbari, O., & Sahibzada, J. (2020). Students’ self-confidence and its impacts on their learning process. American International Journal of Social Science Research, 5(1), 1-15. Zacks, S., & Hen, M. (2018). Academic interventions for academic procrastination: A review of the literature. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 46(2), 117-130. Balkis, M., & Erdinç, D. U. R. U. (2017). Gender differences in the relationship between academic procrastination, satifaction with academic life and academic performance. Electronic Journal of Research in Educational Psychology, 15(1), 105-125. Steel, P., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2016). Academic procrastination: Psychological antecedents revisited. Australian Psychologist, 51(1), 36-46. Gurler, I. (2015). Correlation between self-confidence and speaking skill of English language teaching and English language and literature preparatory students. Curr Res Soc Sci, 1(2), 14-19. Greenacre, L., Tung, N. M., & Chapman, T. (2014). Self confidence, and the ability to influence. Academy of Marketing Studies Journal, 18(2), 169. Flashman, J. (2012). Academic achievement and its impact on friend dynamics. Sociology of education, 85(1), 61-80. Ashtekar, A., & Singh, P. (2011). Loop quantum cosmology: a status report. Classical and Quantum Gravity, 28(21), 213001. Winne, P. H., & Nesbit, J. C. (2010). The psychology of academic achievement. Annual review of psychology, 61, 653-678

Getting motivated is the driving force that leads to achievement. The style adopted by the learners play a significant role towards achievement. Subsequently, achievement motivation is a consistent striving force of an individual to achieve success to certain standard of excellence in competing situation. In this study an attempt is made to study the effect of Learning Styles on the Achievement Motivation of Secondary School Students in Chennai City. With the aim to determine the relationship between achievement motivation and learning style the investigator drew samples at a random from 200 Secondary students located in Chennai. Tools constructed and validated by Deo and Mohan 1985 to assess the Achievement Motivation and O’Brien Learning Style 1985 questionnaire was adopted in this present study. The finding shows that the Secondary School Student have moderate level of Achievement Motivation and it was found there exist no Gender difference in Achievement Motivation, Learning Style of Secondary School Students Further, it was observed that there is significant relationship between Achievement Motivation, Learning Style of Secondary School students.

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Flashman, J. (2012). Academic achievement and its impact on friend dynamics. Sociology of education, 85(1), 61-80. Foroozandehfar, L., & Khalili, G. F. (2019). On the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ reading fluency, their personality types and learning styles. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 6(1), 1681347. Jääskä, E., & Aaltonen, K. (2022). Teachers’ experiences of using game-based learning methods in project management higher education. Project Leadership and Society, 3, 100041. Khasawneh, M. (2022). The relationship of curriculum, teaching methods, assessment methods, and school and home environment with learning difficulties in English language from the studetns’ perspectives. Journal of Innovation in Educational and Cultural Research, 3(1), 41-48. RAMADHAN, Y. N. (2022). AN ANALYSIS OF STUDENTS LEARNING STYLE TO IMPROVE SPEAKING SKILLS BY THE SECOND SEMESTER OF SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL AT PONDOK PESANTREN MODERN DARUL ISTIQOMAH BARABAI (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang). Vijayakumari, C. K., Mythili, P., Rekha, K. J., Akhil Kumar, S., Abbas, S. S. A., Thiruvengadam, S. J., ... & Vaid, V. ICES 2014.

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Be eco-friendly and ensuring sustainable practices is the need of the hour, institutions should build an ecosystem to make the stakeholders environmentally conscious and have a sustainable mindset. This paper is an attempt to foster green practices towards sustainable environment.

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? https://www.ecomena.org/inspirational-quotes-environment/ ? https://ncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/keec109.pdf ? https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/what-is-environmental-sustainability-and-sustainable-development.php

Information communication technology will assist teachers to respond to the global need to replace traditional teaching methods with technology-based teaching-learning tools and facilities. ICT is considered one of the core elements in transforming the country into a better future development. ICTs provide an array of powerful tools that may help transform the present isolated, teacher-centered, and text-bound classrooms into rich, student-focused interactive knowledge environments. India will have the largest young population in the world followed by China and USA. In addition, the UK has a vast opportunity to collaborate in India with the education sector. The new technologies challenge traditional conceptions of both teaching and learning and by reconfiguring how teachers and learners gain access to knowledge have the potential to transform teaching and learning processes. In the present scenario of the digital era, the use of ICT in the classroom has become more important to give students the opportunity to learn at a greater pace and to keep up with the outside world with technology. In spite of the tremendous benefits of ICT, there are many obstacles regarding the proper use of information and communication technologies. The aim of this study is to find out the relevance of information and communication technology, and barriers to ICT from a teacher's perspective and a student’s perspectives on the teaching-learning process. Therefore, it becomes essential to study the challenges and issues related to the use of ICT, so that these obstacles can be overcome and the learning process can be more effective.

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Albirini, A. (2006). Teachers’ attitudes toward information and communication technologies: The case of Syrian EFL teachers. Computers & Education, 47(4), 373-398. Capan, S.A. (2012). Teacher Attitudes towards Computer Use in EFL Classrooms. Frontiers of Language and Teaching, 3, 248-254. Cuban, L. (2001). Oversold and Underused: Computers in the Classroom. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Dudeney, G. (2010). The Internet and the language classroom (Vol.X). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Friedman, I. A. (2006). Classroom management and teacher stress and burnout. Ghavifekr, S., & Rosdy, W. A. W. (2015). Teaching and learning with technology: Effectiveness of ICT integration in schools. International journal of research in education and science, 1(2), 175-191. Ghavifekr, S., Abd Razak, A.Z., Ghani, M.F.A., Ran, N.Y., Meixi, Y. & Tengyue, Z. (2014). ICT Integration In Education: Incorporation for Teaching & Learning Improvement. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology (MOJET),2 (2), 24-46. Ghavifekr, S., Afshari, M., & Amla Salleh. (2012). Management strategies for E-Learning system as the core component of systemic change: A qualitative analysis. Life Science Journal, 9(3), 2190-2196. Grabe, M., & Grabe, C. (2007). Integrating technology for meaningful learning (5th ed.). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Jamieson-Proctor, R., Albion, P., Finger, G., Cavanagh, R., Fitzgerald, R., Bond, T., & Grimbeek, P. (2013). Development of the TTF TPACK Survey Instrument. Australian Educational Computing, 27(3),26-35. Keengwe, J., Onchwari, G., & Wachira, P. (2008). Computer technology integration and student learning: Barriers and promise. Journal of science education and technology, 17, 560-565. Nakayama, M. (2011). Parenting style and parental monitoring with information communication technology: A study on Japanese junior high school students and their parents. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1800-1805. Virkus, S. (2008). Use of Web 2.0 technologies in LIS education: experiences at Tallinn University, Estonia. Program, 42(3), 262-274. Zhang, C. (2013). A Study of Internet Use in EFL Teaching and Learning in Northwest China. Asian Social Science, 9(2), 48-52.

India is one of the worst hit countries from SARS-COV-2 since its inception. There have been two major COVID-19 waves that India has faced, one in the mid of 2020 and the other in the beginning of 2021. Although the second wave was much worse than the first as it had high transmissibility rate and mortality rate. In this paper a comparative analysis is done for COVID-19 cases in the urban areas of India. These urban cities have gaps when it comes to economic level and urban development. Using the Comparability Index (CI), the study found a correlation between the selected variables namely Population Density, Economic level, Housing occupancy and the number of COVID-19 cases in each city for both the COVID-19 waves.

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Abouk, Rahi, and Babak Heydari. “The Immediate Effect of COVID-19 Policies on Social-Distancing Behavior in the United States.” Public Health Reports, vol. 136, no. 2, 2021. Auerbach, Adam Michael, and Tariq Thachil. “How Does Covid-19 Affect Urban Slums? Evidence from Settlement Leaders in India.” World Development, vol. 140, Apr. 2021, doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2020.105304. Biglieri, Samantha, et al. City as the Core of Contagion? Repositioning COVID-19 at the Social and Spatial Periphery of Urban Society. 2020, doi:10.1080/23748834.2020.1788320. Boterman, Willem R. URBAN-RURAL POLARISATION IN TIMES OF THE CORONA OUTBREAK? THE EARLY DEMOGRAPHIC AND GEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF THE SARS-COV-2 EPIDEMIC IN THE NETHERLANDS. no. 3, 2020, pp. 513–29, doi:10.1111/tesg.12437. Census of India 2011. Census of India 2011 Provisional Population Totals. Cullen, W., et al. Mental Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic. doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcaa110. Ghecham, Mahieddine Adnan. “The Impact of COVID?19 on Economic Growth of Countries: What Role Has Income Inequality in It?” Economies, vol. 10, no. 7, July 2022, doi:10.3390/economies10070158. GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT HANDBOOK OF URBAN STATISTICS. 2016.

In the 21st century, educational institutions are adapting to new sociocultural, fiscal, and digital demands, schools are on the front lines of change. As a result of these shifts and due to covid 19 Pandemic situation, the need for teachers to adapt ICT-integrated skills and techniques for more effective knowledge creation and dissemination is changing. Considering recent policy changes in education, ICT-enabled classrooms have re-emerged as one of the most cost-effective and flexible ways to learn new skills. Children are the future of the country, and they must be equipped with all the necessary skills needed to face upcoming challenges. This paper focuses on the NEP 2020 and its recommendations for ICT integration in education and the capacity building of teachers. The National Education Policy – 2020 proposed by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) is a milestone policy that will reshape India's long-standing educational system. It wraps up by laying out some of the remaining challenges that educators face.

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Alam, A., & Azad, M. (n.d.). National Education Policy-2020 and Integration of Information and Communications Technology (ICT) with Education. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352038621 Chakraborty B. (2022) National Education Policy-2020: Opportunities, Challenges and Implications, Madhumay Educational Research Foundation, Ayodhaya Chaurasia P. (2020) National Education Policy (NEP) 2020: A Boon to Online and Digital Education, Mizoram Educational Journal Vol. VI Issue 2 Government of India. (2019). Draft National Education Policy 2019. Juneja Kuldeep, 2021, NEP 2020: Innovation & Educational Technology in 21st Century, Bharti Publications, New Delhi Kumar, H., Hod, S., & El, D. E. (n.d.). Online ISSN 2348-3083, SJ IMPACT FACTOR 2019: 6.251, www.srjis.com PEER REVIEWED & REFEREED JOURNAL (Vol. 9). www.srjis.com

In the present paper, an attempt has been made to find out the attitude of school administrators and teachers in secondary schools of Himachal Pradesh towards inclusive education. Inclusive education is an approach that promotes human development by valuing diversity as an essential component of the teaching and learning process. The idea behind inclusive education is to place students with special needs in the same classroom as other students of their age, who do not have special needs. Children with special needs learn more in regular classroom settings if they receive the necessary assistance and support in and out of the classroom. It is regarded as a novel strategy for educating children with special needs along with children who are normal under the same roof with the aim to meet the educational needs of all. Inclusive education shifts the responsibility for adaptation from the individual student to the educational system. In order to study the attitude of school administrators and teachers towards inclusive education, two districts of Himachal Pradesh i.e. Shimla and Kangra were selected as more CWSNs were enrolled in these two districts during the session 2019-20. All the school administrators and teachers constituted the population of the study but in the present study, 48 school administrators and 144 teachers were considered in the sample. The descriptive survey method was used by the researcher as it best suited the nature and objectives of the study. The findings of the study revealed that both female school administrators and teachers have favorable attitude towards inclusive education as compared to male administrators and teachers.

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Cook, B. G., Tankersley, M., Cook, L., & Landrum, T. J. (2000).Teachers’ Attitudes towards their Included Students with Disabilities. Exceptional Children, 67(1), 115-135. doi:10.1177/001440290006700108 Galaterou, J., & Antoniou,A.(2017). Teachers’ Attitudes towards Inclusive Education: The Role of Job Stressors and Demographic Parameters. International Journal of Special Education, 32(4), 643-658. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1184123.pdf Halder,K.C.(2021). Attitude of Teachers towards Inclusive Education in West Bengal.International Educational Scientific Research Journal, 7(1), 107-110. https://iesrj.com/upload/20.%20Keshab%20Chandra%20Halder%20-%20Online.pdf Khochen, M., & Radford, J. (2012).Attitudes of teachers and head teachers towards inclusion in Lebanon. International Journal of Inclusive Education, 16(2), 139-153. doi:10.1080/13603111003671665

This study examined the effects of socio-economic background and academic achievement of secondary school students. The sample consists of 137 males and 133 females in age range of 14 to 16 from six secondary schools of Chennai City (India). Socio economic background scale developed by Sahaya Saila & Chamundeswari (2014) was used for data collection, while the total mark obtained by the students in the previous class i.e., standard IX was used as an achievement criteria. Mean, Standard Deviation, t-test were used. This study shows that gender difference is found in socio-economic status and academic achievement. Location of school also found in socio-economic status and academic achievement of secondary school students. But no significant differences in extended and joint family secondary school students in their socio economic status and academic achievement

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Ensminger, M.E. and Fothergill, K.E. (2003). A Decade of Measuring SES: What it tells us and where to go from here. In Bornstein & Bradley (Eds.). Socio-economic status, Parenting, and Child Development (pp. 13–27), Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Fan, F.A. (2012). The relationship between the Socio-economic Status of Parents and Students' Academic Achievements in Social Studies. Res. Edu., 87(1), pp. 99. Graetz, B. (1995). Socio-Economic Status in Education Research and Policy in John Ainley Et Al., Socio-economic Status and School Education, DEET/ACER Canberra. Goswami. R. (1982). “An Enquiry into Reading Interests of the Pupils of Standard VII to X in Relation to Intelligence”, SES and Academic Achievement. Doctoral Dissertation, M. S. University, Baroda. Hauser, R.M. and Warren, J.R. (1997). Socio-economic Indexes for Occupations: A Review, update, and Critique. In A.E. Raftery (Ed.) Sociological Methodology, (pp.177–298), Cambridge, MA: Basil Blackwell.

Adolescence is the most crucial stage in a person’s life. It is a period of maximum growth and development in all the dimensions of one’s personality and is marked by a number of intra and interpersonal changes. It is a period which lays foundation for the rest of the life. In this stage, individuals are influenced by peers, friends, society media etc.Due to modernisation, and its various attractions, a number of changes have resulted in life style and behavioural patterns of adolescents. In order to channelize their full potentials and develop competence among them, their health and wellbeing needs have to be addressed. Ashtang yoga, a very dynamic form of hath yoga given by sage Patanjali is a multifaceted tool that can help in developing a sound physical and mental health, and in turn their wellbeing. Research has reiterated that Ashtang yoga ensures harmony of individual in promoting wellbeing in all dimensions in one’s personality.The current study attempts to make an extensive literature review to explore the benefits of Ashtang yoga in ensuring wellbeing at adolescence. Keywords: Adolescence, Yoga, Ashtang Yoga, wellbeing

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Balaji, P. A., Varne, S. R., & Ali, S. S. (2012). Physiological effects of yogic practices and transcendental meditation in health and disease. North American journal of medical sciences, 4(10), 442–448. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.101980 Balasubramaniam, M., Telles, S., &Doraiswamy, P. M. (2013). Yoga on our minds: a systematic review of yoga for neuropsychiatric disorders. Frontiers in psychiatry, 3, 117. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2012.00117 Bhargav, H., George, S., Varambally, S., &Gangadhar, B. N. (2021). Yoga and psychiatric disorders: a review of biomarker evidence. International review of psychiatry (Abingdon, England), 33(1-2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540261.2020.1761087 Benavides, S., & Caballero, J. (2009). Ashtanga yoga for children and adolescents for weight management and psychological well being: an uncontrolled open pilot study. Complementary therapies in clinical practice, 15(2), 110–114.

Export sector has a huge role in any economy of the world because it is called a growth engine. After 1982 in India, Export Import Bank is doing good work to fulfil various dimensions related to export sector. Financial institutions play a major role in export related finance in international trade. EXIM Bank provide various types of financial facilities on behalf of the financial institutions to survive in the international competitions and for the growth of the word market share. This study focuses on the Export Import (EXIM) Bank of India's export financing and credit facilities and analyses their effects on the nation's export performance. The Bank works to increase the international competitiveness of Indian export enterprises by supporting, enabling, and promoting India's international trade and investment. The Bank is extremely important for exporting. To encourage exports, it offers Trade Finance, which comprises Export Credit Insurance, various financial instruments, and guarantees. This study concentrates on financial aid because it is crucial for exporters in various countries to increase their market share globally. The study comes to the conclusion that export financing facilities are quite important. Keywords: EXIM Bank, Export Financing, Financial Facilities

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Amiti, M., & Weinstein, D.E. (2011). Exports and financial shocks, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(4), 1841-1877. doi: 10.1093/qje/qjr033 Asiedu-Appiah, E. (2005). Trade Finance – An Instrument for Effective Trade Delivery. Presented at the CEPA conference on Trade Facilitation, La Beach Hotel, Oct. 17-19, 2005 Auboin, M., & Engemann, M. (2013). Testing the Trade Credit and Trade Link: Evidence from Data on Insured Trade Credit. Auboin, M. (2007). Boosting Trade Finance in Developing Countries: What Link with the WTO? WTO Staff Working Paper No. ERSD-2007-4.

Radiographers who are trying to save lives and who are fighting on the front lines to protect the public. The COVID-19 disease is presently a matter of global public health concern as it could be potentially fatal. Radiographers must have at the moment, inadequate knowledge of prevention measures, and their erroneous practices may directly increase the risk of spread. The ongoing severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2 pandemic has expanded globally. The aim of the current study is to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of radiographers in Delhi towards SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Abdel Wahed, W.Y. A., Hefzy, E.M., Ahmed, M. I., & Hamed, N. S. (2020); https. Assessment of knowledge, Attitude and Perception of healthcareworkers Regarding COVID-19, A cross-sectional Study from Egypt. Journal of Community Health, 45(6), 1242–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-020-00882-0://doi.org/10.1007/s1090 0-020-00882 -0 Akyurt, N. (2021). Knowledge, practice and emotional status related to COVID-19 pandemic among radiology technicians working at pandemic hospitals. European Journal of Radiology, 134, 109431. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrad.2020.109431

X-ray imaging is a common procedure performed on a regular basis for diagnostic purposes all over the world. The use of X-rays is increasing rapidly with the introduction of new radiation- oriented therapeutic practices. Although it carries significant diagnostic benefits, extensive exposure to X-ray imaging has been shown to be associated with multiple dose-dependent health risks. Awareness and knowledge among patients regarding the effects of X-ray imaging, therefore, becomes important.

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Agrawal, B., Dosi, T., Hazari, A., Maheshwari, C., Rajput, R., &Yadav, N. (2015). Evaluation of Radiation protection awareness amongst general dental practitioners of Western Rajasthan in India. Journal of International Oral Health. International Commission on Radiological Protection.(2007). The 2007 recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Annals of the ICRP. ICRP Publication, 103. Little, M.P., Wakeford, R., Tawn, E.J., Bouffler, S.D., &Berrington de Gonzalez, A. (2009). Risks associated with low doses and low dose rates of ionizing radiation: Why linearity may be (almost) the best we can do. Radiology, 251(1), 6–12. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2511081686

The use of fluoroscopic imaging is increasing in the modern orthopedic theatre. Benefits of intra-operative fluoroscopy include the indirect visualization of anatomy, enabling many orthopedic procedures to be performed with greater ease, in less time and with less traumatization of patient tissues, thus reducing patient morbidity. Need for fluoroscopy was indeed very high in the orthopedic theatre. Placement of internal and external fixation devices, as well as long bone fracture reductions, are amongst the orthopedic procedures frequently performed under fluoroscopic guidance. Fluoroscopic use in the theatre setting is how ever not without risk to the orthopedic surgeon, the biological effects of ionizing radiation being well-known. These effects include dose-dependent deterministic effects and dose-independent stochiastic effects. Deterministic effects are unlikely to occur below a specific dose threshold and include cataracts, alopecia, headache, dermal ulceration and infertility. Stochastic effects do not have a threshold dose and may include the induction of malignancy in radio sensitive organs such as the breasts, lungs, thyroid and red bone marrow.

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Troisi K, Ferreira N. Radiation exposure to orthopedic registrars in thePietermaritzburgmetropolitan complex.SAfrOrthopJ.2016. Miller DL, Society for Interventional Radiology .Interventionalfluoroscopy:Reducingradiationrisksforpatientsandstaff.JVascIntervRadiol.2009. TsalafoutasIA,TsapakiV,KaliakmanisA,etal..Estimationofradiationdoses to patients and surgeons from various fluoroscopically guidedorthopaedicsurgeries.RadiatProtDosimetry.2008. TunçerN,KuyucuE,Sayar?,PolatG,Erdil?,Tuncay?.Orthopedicsurgeons’ knowledge regarding risk of radiation exposition: A surveyanalysis.SICOT-J.2017.

Best means topmost. According to NAAC best practices are quality enhancing academic, administrative, infrastructural strategies adopted by highly accredited institutions of higher learning in the present instance. Teachers play a very important role in the qualitative development of higher education. In the criterion VII of NAAC Innovations and Best practices has been stressed. This paper is an attempt to discuss how teachers can ensure quality in the institutes of higher education through best practices and innovations. It is a review study based on the materials found on the internet. Right kind of philosophy of the teachers is very important. Curriculum should nurture creativity. Critical thinking by the teachers adds new dimension to teaching. Teachers have a critical role in building competencies of learners through best pedagogic practices. Teachers should stress more on experiential learning. They should create research learning environment. Teachers can collaborate and co-create for integrated solutions thus bringing together science, technology, business, and community values. Keywords: Best Practices, Life Skill training, Environmental responsibility, ICT, Experiential learning, Constructive feedback, Leadership and Critical thinking.

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Crum,K.,S., Sherman,W., H., Myran,S.(2009).Best practices of successful school leaders. Journal of EducationalAdministration, 48(1),48-63. Dhawan, S.(2020).Online Learning:A Panacea in the Time of Covid -19Crisis. Journal ofEducational Technological Systems, 49(2),5-22. Ennis, R.H.(1996).Criticalthinking dispositions:Their nature and assess ability. Informal logic,18(2). Gelder, T.V. (2005).Teaching critical thinking:Some lessons from cognitive science.College teaching, 53(1),41-48.

The paper focuses impact of internet on various library processes and services. Today the internet has revolutionised the traditional library activities viz document acquisition, technical processing. Circulation, reference service, resource sharing, document delivery, etc, In the modern world of information explosion, internet has become necessity for the libraries. It allows one to enter in the electronic information era. Internet has become a boon for library & information professionals. Keywords: Internet, Impact of internet on library & information services, tools & services

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Singh. Neena Internet: Importance and Usage for Library and Information Professionals. DESIDOC Bulletin of Information Technology. May. 2001; 21(3): 17-28. Impact of internet on library and information services (2004) (INFLIBNET Regional Training Programme on Library Automation (IRTPLA). http://unsweb.aucegypt.edu/UNSWEB2/NetIntro.htm Butt. Komal, Qutab. Saima and Mahmood. Khalid,Access and Use of the Internet in the Libraries of Lahore, Pakistan. Chinese Librarians hip: an International Electronic Journal, 31. URL: http://www.iclc.us/cliej/cl31BQM.

The 74th Amendment has been welcomed as an important central legislation in India. It has brought about changes in the urban local governments. It has sought to further develop the civic governance in the country. It has strengthened the political set up and the functional domain of the local governments. The State of Maharashtra has well implemented the law. We need to assess if the objective has been achieved. Has it really streamlined the financial arrangements and introduced urban planning norms in the country. It has surely accorded constitutional status and recognition to the urban local bodies. We need to see if it has brought about administrative uniformity in the realm of urban governance in the country. However, it is important to ensure that the legislation is implemented in its letter and spirit. Keywords: urban governance, municipal corporation, Central legislation, fiscal arrangements, urban local bodies, municipal corporation, urban planning, functional domain, District planning committee, civic governance, municipal council, Nagar Panchayats

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Abhijit Datta, (2016), Institutional Aspects of Urban Governance, published in The Challenge of Urban Governance, Concept Publishing, New Delhi Akode K. S. (2011), Urban Planning Scenario in Maharashtra, Town Planning, Government of Maharashtra Anirban Pal (2017), Planning from the Bottom Up – Democratic Decentralisation in Action. Published by Concept Publishing, New Delhi. Areeba Hamid, (2004), 74th Amendment: An Overview, Published by Centre for Civil Society, New Delhi

This article provides a conceptual framework and knowledge of the context surrounding “tribal education” in India, according to research using both “primary” and “secondary” sources of information. Critical analysis is used to project the current structure of society and its diversity within India's caste system. Theory and practice of development are integrated, with a focus on the requirements and future policy directions of “tribal education” in India. The essay also use statement formats to analyses first-person stories from a range of social reformers, educators, and viewpoints from the researcher. The ideas and “need-based education” provisions in Indian constitutions are periodically drawn to strengthen the “need-based education” system specific to India's “tribal education” system. Finally, recommendations are made for improving India's system of “tribal education”. Yet, it is clear that there has to be greater philanthropic investment beyond the classroom based on the examination of the causes contributing to non-enrolment and/or dropout and descriptions of case studies. This would offer a firm foundation that makes the most of these resources and strengthens each person's potential to overcome the obstacles that tribal members currently face. Keywords: tribal education; education policy; need-based education.

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Government of India-Ministry of Tribal Affaires (2010). Statistical Profile of Scheduled Tribes in India, New Delhi: available at: www.tribal.nic.in/ Retrived on April 18, 2014. UNESCO Report on World Education and Human Rights, 2002 UNESCO. 2002. “Innovations in Non-Formal Education: A Review of Selected Initiatives from the Asia-Pacific Region.” Bangkok. UNO Report on Education, Bangkok, 2001 www.tribal.nic.in/Demographic Status of Scheduled Triba Population in India/ Retrived on April 18, 2014. www.tribal.nic.in/Tribal Profile at a Glance-May 2013/ Retrived on April 18, 2014. Yosso, Tara J. 2005. “Whose Culture has Capital? A Critical Race Theory Discussion of Community Cultural Wealth.” Race Ethnicity and Education, Vol 8, No. 1, pp. 69-91.

The present conceptual paper focused on the ex-convicts from prisons to society stories of highs and lows. Incarcerations, utmost generally known as corrective institutions, have been an integral part of the Criminal Justice System along with the Police and the Courts. Indeed though incarcerations and sentencing vary from country to country, they all operate in same manner, for illustration to judgment culprits and help farther damage to society. malefactors are generally transferred to captivity when a legal penalty is assessed on them. Captivity is considered to be as the last resort. In once many decades, incarcerations have been a controversial content. Recent trends have shown disapprobation of the captivity system by the public. There has been lot of debate on whether or not incarcerations are effective. This abstract opens with a converse of what incarcerations are in general aesthetics at analysis and evaluation made by scholars, criminologists, and sociologists on incarcerations as well as provides perceptivity into possible reforms to enhance incarcerations ’ effectiveness. According to Christianson, “ A captivity is any institution or device that holds a interned in guardianship ”. incarcerations live since ancient times. They did n’t serve as a form of discipline back also but were used to hold individualities until they admit their discipline which included beheading, the death penalty, and public smirching. Crime and discipline are both public acts. The present paper focused on the study of discuss the ex-convicts from prisons to society stories of highs and lows with prime objectives are (i) To understand the ex-convicts from prisons to society stories in India. (ii) To analyses the rights of ex-convicts from prisons to society. (iii) To discuss the ex-convicts from prisons to society stories of highs and lows in India. The methodology of the research is a different type involving an interpretative, conversation, observation and study secondary sources, like books, articles, journals, thesis, university news, expert opinion, and websites, etc. Key Words: Ex-convicts from prisons, Society stories

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Best, J. W., & Khan, J.V. (2012). Research in Education (10th ed.). New Delhi; PHI Learning Private LTD. Brewster, L. (2014). The impact of prison arts programs on inmate attitudes and behavior: A quantitative evaluation. Justice Policy Journal, 11(2), 1-28. Bumiller, K. (2013). Transformative learning in prisons and universities: Reflections on homologies of institutional power. In S. W. Davis & B. S. Roswell (Eds.). Turning teaching inside-out: A pedagogy of transformation for community-based education, Palgrave Macmillan.

Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay was an important thinker of recent times. His thoughts covered political as well as social issues. It is a fitting tribute to him that many welfare schemes and institutions have been launched in his memory. This paper is in two parts. Part I those schemes which have been launched by the Government of India and Part II those of the different State Governments. Together, they pertain to rural welfare, community development, sportsmen, electricity and water supply, differently abled persons, etc. Overall, these schemes have brought benefits to the targeted groups. Key words: Deendayal Upadhyay, welfare institutions, targeted groups.

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Union Ministry of Rural Development, Annual Report- 2021-22. Union Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs, Annual Report, 2021-22. Union Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports, Annual Reports, 2007-08 to 2021-22. Union Ministry of Power Government of India, Annual Report, 2021-22. Pt. Deendayal Divyangjan Rehabilitation Scheme (Revised guidelines w.e.f. 1st April, 2022. Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities, Union Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment, New Delhi. Union Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (Department of Empowerment of Persons with Disabilities Divyangjan). Annual Report, 2021-22. Annual reports of the concerned departments of the various state governments. Furthermore some other electronic sources have also been used such as https;//pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=1786672 He evoked extensive academic interest. Among the studies on him, mention may be made of: Ansuiya Nain, “Life and work of Pandit Deen Dayal Upadhyaya”, The Indian Journal of Political Science, vol. 80, no. 2, Apr-June, 2019, pp. 221-26. Athira Krishnan KT, “Role of Deen Dayal Upadhyay Grameen Kaushalya Vikas Yojana (DDU-SKY) in providing skill training programme for youth in Kerala”, International Journal of Science and Research, vol. 9, issue 1, Jan. 2020, pp. 341-43. Kishore Chandra Sahu, “Employment of rural youth through Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY): A study with special reference to Odisha”, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, vol. 8, issue 6, June 2020, pp. 4168-75. Sabita Kumari, “Skill enhancement through Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushaylya Yojana”, Kurukshetra, Aug. 2016, pp. 34-37. Vaibhav Verma & Pradeep Singh Chauhan, “An effective assessment of Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana (DDU-GKY) in providing skill training programme for youth: A study of Haryana State”, EPRA International Journal of Research, vol. 7, issue 6, June 2021, pp. 2227-33.

Teacher job satisfaction is the satisfaction and motivation experienced by educators in their roles. It is influenced by factors like classroom environment, administrative support, student relationships, professional development opportunities, work-life balance, and recognition. Job satisfaction is crucial for an organization's success and employee perception, and the study aimed to understand Shikshan Sahayyaks' job satisfaction levels. The study analyzed 500 Shikshan Sahayyaks teaching in junior colleges in Greater Mumbai, Maharashtra. A simple random probability sampling technique was used, with male and female teachers ranging from 161 to 339. Data were analysed using t-test and ANOVA.The results showed that there is no significant difference in the job satisfaction of Shikshan Sahayyaks teaching in junior colleges with regard to gender and streams. Key words: Job satisfaction, Shikshan Sahayyak, Junior College

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Abstract:Land use land cover change is a dynamic process. As population pressure is increasing, the land
use land cover pattern is also changing. Humans have negatively affected land use and land cover pattern
over the world. Land use is the application of human controls in a systematic manner, indicating an
intimate relationship between prevailing ecological conditions and man (More, patil, 1995). In the
present paper, an attempt has been made to find out changing land use pattern within a very short span of
time i.e. 3 years (1981 to 2011) of Pune district in Maharashtra. The study and the assessment of land use
change are of vital importance for future land use planning and development of the area. Therefore the
study of land use and its change has been carried out by many researchers and geographers at national
and international level. The Present work is related on the assessment of the relationship between
population growth and land use change , urbanization growth and general land use change.

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Mongol invasion on Islamic empire is a land mark event in the history of world. This invasion began in around 1219 A.D. from Otrar a city under the dominion of Khwarazm dynasty situated in Transoxiana and ended with the capturing of Baghdad, the capital of Islamic empire in 1258A.D. Al-Mustasim, the Abbasid Caliph was captured and assassinated. Thus, in 1258 A.D. the Islamic empire came to an end. The Mongol invasion on Islamic empire was devastative. Apart from political and social institutions Mongol invasion had destroyed the economic systems and the source of livelihood of the people. A glimpse of the economic history of the Islamic empire suggests that though trade also existed the society was mainly agrarian. People depended on cultivation but due to continuous Mongol invasions, destruction of crops peasants have left the cultivation work which certainly caused poor production of crops and ultimately people were compelled to die in poverty and due to hunger.

This study investigates the effectiveness of a functional vision stimulation-based mobile app for children with deafblindness. Deafblindness, a unique sensory impairment, poses significant challenges to cognitive and sensory development. To conduct the present study, five children with deaf-blindness were selected as a sample. Intervention in the form of a Functional Vision Stimulation-Based Mobile Application was given to examine its effect on visual perception, sensory integration, and overall functional vision skills among children facing the dual challenges of deafblindness. Assessment tools included standardized tests measuring visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and visual tracking.  In addition to this, qualitative data were collected through structured observations of the children’s engagement with the mobile app, documenting changes in attention span, interest, and interaction patterns. Thus, a mixed research method was used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the outcomes. Preliminary findings suggested a positive correlation between the use of the mobile app and improvements in functional vision skills among the participants. The intervention demonstrated potential benefits in enhancing visual attention, promoting sensory exploration, and fostering a more interactive engagement with the environment.  The findings provide valuable insight into the potential of mobile app interventions for children with deafblindness and shed light on the usefulness of innovative approaches to address the unique challenges associated with this equally important learning community.

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Since ancient times the shine and allure of gold as a form of investment has remained intact. Recently, investment in gold has metamorphosed into various types; apart from conventional gold jewelry and Gold Bullion, investors are now offered Digital Gold, Gold Mutual Funds, Gold ETFs, SGBs, and so on. Therefore, the present study aims to know the investment status of individual investors in various types of gold investments and their satisfaction level from it. The study is conducted in the Mumbai suburban area i.e. Borivali to Andheri. Primary data is collected from 83 individual investors through a structured questionnaire. The findings of the study reveal that the study concludes that most individual investors have invested in gold jewelry (females more). Very few individual investors have invested in gold instruments such as Gold ETF, Sovereign Gold Bonds, Gold Bullion (Coins), Gold Mutual Funds, and Digital Gold. They are found satisfied with investment in Gold Jewellery.

     Due of its numerous applications in nearly every field, nanotechnology has garnered a lot of attention and has been developing in the scientific community over the past several years. Green nanotechnology is a relatively new, interdisciplinary discipline that is expanding quickly as a field of study. This is a crucial approach that, in contrast to the already used methods like green and physical methods for nano synthesis, focuses on creating a process that is safe, clean, and especially environmentally friendly. This review summarizes the current understanding of the several biogenic synthesis techniques that rely on viruses, bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae, and biomolecules. The term "green nano synthesis" describes the process of creating nanomaterials by using stabilizing and reducing chemicals derived from plants and other natural resources. The green synthesis method avoids using highly energy-intensive or severely hazardous compounds throughout the synthesis process.

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            Modern Information Technology age becomes an era of enhancing the knowledge providing sound and unmatched feasibility for discovery, exchange of information, communication and exploration to strengthen the teaching learning process. Modern Information Technologies) help in promoting opportunities of knowledge sharing throughout the world. The present conceptual research focused on the study is to discuss the Modern Information Technology for enhancing teaching-learning in pandemic outbreak. Modern Information Technology and teaching-learning are an important aspect in education system. Now a days Modern Information Technology playing a very vital role in human life because with connection in the daily Teaching-Learning Process. The vital roles of technology in education are that Students and teachers can interact very well and teachers can serve all study material through online mode, so that students can better understand the topics and solve the problem. Modern Information Technology approaches modern classroom, Smart classes, which primarily focus on improvising the performance of every student. Modern Information Technology has bought about many dramatic changes in how teachers teach and how students learn. Education use Modern Information Technology to design and assess learning activities, to communicate with students and the interactive education for continuous development.

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This study focuses on analysing the involvement of secondary school students in their studies in relation to their academic achievement and gender in the Kalahandi district of Odisha, India. To achieve this objective, a descriptive survey method was employed. A total of 40 secondary school students (20 boys and 20 girls) were randomly selected from the district. The investigator used a standardized Study Involvement Inventory developed by Dr. Mrs. Asha Bhatnagar (1979) to assess their study involvement, while academic achievement was measured using school examination records. The findings revealed no significant statistical difference in the study involvement of secondary school students with respect to gender. Similarly, there was no significant difference in academic achievement between genders. However, the study did find a significant statistical relationship between study involvement and academic achievement across genders. This relationship may be influenced by various factors, including differences in learning styles, motivational factors, societal and cultural expectations, and self-regulation. Understanding these gender-specific factors can aid educators, parents, and policymakers in developing targeted strategies to enhance study involvement and academic achievement for all students.

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The integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in higher education is increasingly pivotal for educational innovation. This study evaluates the impact of ICT tools on academic performance and understanding of course material in higher education. This study explores how various ICT tools contribute to educational outcomes in an era where digital technology is increasingly integral to education. Using a mixed-methods approach, data was collected from students and faculty through structured questionnaires. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics, Mean, Standard Deviation, Chi-Square tests while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. This research evaluates the impact of ICT on learning efficiency, engagement, and student achievement.

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At the juncture of the goals, objectives and processes of Education being re-defined in terms of courses, outcomes and attributes, the accommodation ladder of teacher career progression calls for a restructuring with a futuristic vision based the strong pillars of pro-active curriculum and professionalism. Planning and ‘delivery’ of lesson is not an automation process, but needs continuous training, mentoring and nurturing. A calling for mastery over the latest teaching competencies has already been initiated even by the prospective teachers. The scaled down teaching encounter provides prospective teachers safe practice ground for acquiring teaching skills in a progressive manner. In the changed concept of learning, microteaching process also is expected to adapt its strategies and content. The present survey was carried out to investigate the difficulties and perception of student teachers regarding their microteaching sessions in terms of twenty first century teacher requirements. The data collected from 196 prospective teachers from colleges of Teacher Education in Kerala using a questionnaire on prospective teachers’ perceived problems in microteaching were analyzed. The findings of the study revealed that practice in outdated skills, unsatisfactory feedback and mentoring process, time consumption in the preparation and presentation, failure in appropriate implementation of the microteaching procedure and artificiality of the sessions cause difficulties in the expected results and the prospective teachers’ perspectives highlighted the need for updating microteaching with twenty first century teacher competencies.

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The prediction of general elections holds substantial significance in understanding and foreseeing political outcomes. In recent times, mathematical approaches have gained momentum in analyzing vast datasets related to voter behavior, socio-economic indicators, and political landscapes. This review paper aims to explore the mathematical techniques and methodologies employed for data analysis in predicting general elections in India. By examining key research works and their underlying mathematical frameworks, this paper provides insights into the evolution of election prediction models and their implications for democratic processes.

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