An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Jul-Aug,2015, vol-3/19

Impact Factor: 4.889

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2015-09-04

JULY-AUG, 2015

THE EFFECT OF JOB VALUE ON OCCUPATIONAL SELF EFFICACY OF SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS.

Neha Jain

Page No.: 322 - 328

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Teacher efficacy as a belief is expected to guide teachers in their behavior decisions and
motivation with regard to teaching. Specifically teacher efficacy for teaching affects their daily
decisions related to teaching and their willingness to invoke specific strategies and techniques.
In Bandura’s (1986, 1997) theory, self-efficacy is not considered as a trait, but is instead seen as
context-specific. The current study takes place in an occupational setting, we focus on a contextspecific
form of self-efficacy, namely occupational self-efficacy, defined as “the competence that
a person feels concerning the ability to successfully fulfill the tasks involved in his or her job”.
There is another important aspect of teacher’s behavior which is Job value. At work place,
values are major influences on how individuals approach work. Values drive our decisions and
reason us to summon up energy to preserve what people believe in or what people want to
defend. It is important to know, what the worker wants from his job because Job Values lead to
job satisfaction and personal adjustment of an individual. So the different levels of Job Values
can be seen in different teachers and these levels can affect Occupational Self Efficacy of
teachers. In this context the study started with the question, is there any effect of job value on the
occupational self efficacy of secondary school teachers? In the present study sample of 30
secondary schools of Agra city was selected by simple random sampling and all the available
teachers working in these secondary schools were selected. Occupational self efficacy Scale
prepared by Sanjyota Pethe, Sushama Chaudhari, and Upinder Dhar and Job value scale 


MADHYAPRADESH KI KRUSHI VIVIDHIKARAN KI PRAVRUTTI PARIVARTAN EVAN CHUNOTIYA

Alka Jain

Page No.: 329 - 343

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THE NEW UNDERSTANDING AND ANALYSIS OF FEATURES AND CONTENTS OF GROUNDED THEORY

Zhiwei Chen & Sanjeev Sonawane

Page No.: 344 - 351

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For the social researching field, qualitative research, especially the grounded theory has
always been attached with great importance. This theory requires on plenty of literatures,
with effective data and information. It has also the systematic procedure as feature, as well
as value the perspective of the researchers and interviewees very important and precious.
The theoretical sampling method, use of literature with flexibility and belief of functions of
personal interpretations are all the fundamental idea of grounded theory. There is also a
specialty of grounded theory to use memorandum into qualitative research.
Keywords: grounded theory; narration; qualitative methodology. 


THE NEW CONCEPT DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS OF BIOGRAPHICAL RESEARCHING METHOD

Zhiwei Chen & Sanjeev Sonawane

Page No.: 352 - 359

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The applied range of biographical researching method is quite broad, including sociology,
anthropology, history, ethnology and pedagogy. It is developing in the same pattern and
trend with contemporary cultural studies. Its main types contain researching and collecting
data from autobiography, biography, life history, oral history, narrative inquiry. One
important and effective way of its implementation is to use the biographical narration. It is
necessary to do some differentiation and analysis between biographical research method and
ethnographic methods, in order to make use of them better.
Keywords: biographical researching method; narration; biographies. 


ASSESSMENT OF CUSTOMER’S SATISFACTION IN HDFC (AN EMPIRICAL STUDY IN LUCKNOW CITY)

Anoop Kumar Singh & Rupesh Kumar Gupta

Page No.: 360 - 369

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A well-functioning housing market influences not only shelter concern, but also workplaces
for home-based entrepreneurs. The best housing sectors should enable the adequate
provision of shelter at the reasonable cost and favourable schemes across all segments of the
population. The customer’s satisfaction is an indicator of the efficiency and growth of the
institution. In fact the key of the success of any institution providing customer service is
appraised through the qualitative assessment of different parameters. Thus the main objective
of the institutions should be to create, cultivate and retain the customers. If the institutions
are able to fulfil this objective the residual results like profitability and productivity would
automatically follow. The present research is an attempt of the researchers to assess the
extent to which current customers are satisfied with the services offered by HDFC, a major
institution working in the housing Finance Industry.
Key Words: Customer Satisfaction, Average Weighed Score, Likert scale, Bivariate
frequency distribution. 


ATTITUDE TO RESEARCH IN RELATION WITH THE RESEARCH MANAGEMENT OF RESEARCHERS IN DIFFERENT GROUPS OF DISCIPLINES

Vini Sebastian

Page No.: 370 - 374

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Successful research demands tremendous personal involvement. If the researcher has little or no
interest in the research he/she is conducting then it will be reflected in the output of research. A
low quality research is a mere academic drudgery rather than an exciting intellectual
experience. A person’s attitude to any work always affects his work, keeping this in mind, the
paper highlights the relationship between attitude to research and research management of
researchers pursuing the doctoral research. A significant, strong and positive relationship
indicates that researchers having a highly positive attitude to research will also strive hard to
manage their research well. 


THE ORIENTATION PROGRAMMES - CHALLENGES AHEAD

Sachin Sadashiv Surve & Dhananjay Bagul

Page No.: 375 - 399

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FINANCIAL INCLUSION – A QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BENEFITS EXPECTED BY RURAL AND URBAN CLASS

Sanjay Kumar Singh & J.K.Singh

Page No.: 400 - 407

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The recent past has witnessed several reforms to cover the population living in rural part of
India with a view to reduce inequality of income and encouraging participation of the rural
segment of the society in the growth of economy of our country. The proliferation of banking
system and other financial products among rural part of the country is expected to act as a
catalyst in improving the standard and style of people having enormous entrepreneurship
potential but could not give way to their dreams because of lack of important ingredients needed
for the same. This paper highlights the views regarding benefits of financial inclusion as
prevalent among the urban class of society and the rural class of society and statistically test the
difference in their approach using various statistical technique , such as Mann Whitney test and
Student t-test , after collecting the information on the Likert scale through a same questionnaire
designed for both the sets of respondents – rural as well as urban.
Keywords: Financial inclusion, Poverty Ratio, Likert Scale, Levene’s Test , Mann Whitney test ,
Student t-test. 


A STUDY ON HEMISPHERCITY IN ACTIVATING MATHEMATICAL SKILLS

M.Vijayakumar

Page No.: 408 - 419

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This present study is aim to study, mathematical skills of the pupil in relation to their brain
dominance. Knowledge in mathematic related field such as numerical knowledge, arithmetic,
graphical & geometric sense etc, are important for any individual for their day to day life. Hence
the present study intended to study the mathematical skills of the pupil. Since each individual
have their own cognitive level, hence the dominant brain be the factor for their academic
performances. So this leads to study the mathematical skills of the pupil in relation to their brain
dominance. The human brain divided into two hemispheres, the right & left, they do unique
function and also having unique characteristics. All these aspects are considered for the study.
By random selection method 190 samples were collected from students of standard IX. From the
analysis, the major findings were arrived such as, the Left and Right brainers are differed
significantly and the Left brainers are good in Total Mathematical Skills also they performed
well in the dimensions viz., Arithmetic & Numerical, Statistical, Mathematical Linguistic,
Logical skills. In other hand the Right brainers are good in Geometric skills. Considering right
& left brainer in both gender (boys and girls) the left brainers are performed better in total
mathematical skills. The relationship also shows that the entire dimension positively correlated
with total mathematical skill for both right and left brainers.
Key Words: Mathematical skills, Right Dominance, Left Dominance, Hemisphercity 


THE ROLE OF RELIGION IN EVOLUTION OF A RESILIENT SELF

Anamika

Page No.: 420 - 431

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With the emergence of positive psychology, the focus on positive emotions and their role in
an individual’s successful adaption in the face of adverse situation has increased. The
present study is a person-focused case study. The current paper is an attempt to examine the
process of development of resilience in an individual who is confronting a traumatic
condition which can affect the natural pathway of development. In such traumatic
circumstances what are the factors involved in and how these factors are promoting or
prohibiting the development of resilience in an individual. The particular interest of this case
study is the role of religion in the development of resilience in the subject’s life. 


ARE SCHOOL TEACHERS (PRESCHOOL AND PRIMARY) OPEN TO THE THOUGHT OF INTEGRATING DIFFERENTLY-ABLED CHILDREN IN THEIR CLASSROOM? - OPINION REGARDING INCLUSIVE EDUCATION

Rege K & Aranjo. P

Page No.: 432 - 445

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Differently-abled children in inclusive education differs from previously held notions of
‘integration’ or ‘mainstreaming’ which was largely concerned with disability and special
educational needs. It implied learners ‘changing’ or becoming ‘ready for’ or ‘deserving of’
accommodation by the mainstream. The benefits of Inclusive Education have been documented
by a number of researchers. Inclusive education is about the child’s right to participate in
regular education and the school’s duty to accept the child. Dearth of research in the opinion of
school teachers (preschool and primary) in the Indian context served as an impetus for the
current research. The objective of the study was to elicit from the school teachers (preschool
and primary) the challenges faced and strategies to overcome regarding integrating differentlyabled
children in their classroom. The sample consisted of consisted of 20 teachers (11 at the
preschool and 9 at the primary school level). Research employed a multi-method (face-to-face
in-depth interview, observation and examination of records) was design. Results revealed that,
challenges and strategies indicated by school teachers were categorized in relation to (i)
schools, (ii) teachers, (iii) differently-abled students (children with special needs), (iv) parents of
students with special needs, (v) regular /normal children and (vi) parents of regular/normal
children. A majority of the participants (60%) stated that lack of infrastructure and facilities,
such as classroom size, modified toilets, ramps, etc were major challenges for school, while half 


FACTORS AFFECTING OF ONLINE SHOPPING BEHAVIOR OF CUSTOMERS: A PANORAMIC VIEW

Ajay Kumar Chaudhary & Bharat Dadhich

Page No.: 446 - 457

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The aim of this research paper is to examine behavior of different types of online buyers towards
online shopping websites. The population of this study consists of online shoppers in Jaipur
District. Respondents were selected from different gender, age groups, occupations having
internet shopping experience. In this paper we try to see the significant change that have been
foreseen in the field of e-shopping and the customers’ preference towards e-shopping by
designing a closed ended questionnaire to collect the data. Snowball sampling was used to
collect data from sampled respondents. Statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation,
reliability test and regression are used in this study.
Keywords:Online buyer behavior, Perception, Shopping frequency, perceived risk. 


CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTIVISM IN CONTEMPORARY TEACHING ENVIRONMENT - INCLUDING USERS (CHILDREN, TEACHERS, MANAGERS) PERSPECTIVE

Seema Sharma

Page No.: 458 - 464

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In this research article an effort has been made to analyze the concept of constructivism and its
possible implementations in the current teaching – learning environment. The constructivist
approach has been analysed from the point of view of learner, teacher, and managers. Focus of
the research is to explore the points of agreement and disagreement between demands of
contemporary education system and expected responsibilities assigned by this approach. By
observing teaching learning practices directly and indirectly and gathering the information on
current and upcoming system of education from related resources certain conclusions have been
drawn which unfold the areas where we need to emphasise for the success of approach
(constructivist) and system (Education) partnership.
Key Words: Approach, Behaviorist, Cognitive, Humanist, Constructivist 


QUALITATIVE RESEARCH - IT’S IMPORTANCE IN PRESENT EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH

Shouvik Roy

Page No.: 465 - 470

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This article introduces the fundamental elements of qualitative approach in education.
Qualitative study has big impact in educational field. This article show different types of
qualitative methods, advantages and disadvantages. So far how qualitative research develops
in educational research it is also showing in this study.
Key words: Qualitative Research, Education. 


SEXISM IN SPORTS AS REFLECTED IN CINEMA OF INDIAN CULTURAL BACKGROUND

Hariom Verma

Page No.: 471 - 476

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Sexism in sports is a quite common thing and it has been represented faithfully in cinema.
The present paper is a thematic study revealing sexism in sports as shown in two movies of
Indian cultural background: ‘Bend It Like Beckhem’ (2002) and ‘Chak De! India’(2007). It
underpins the problems faced by the Indian sportswomen of those sports that are
traditionally linked to men and also shows how women are discouraged from participating
and competing in sports. It also highlights the male view of women as weak and less
competent. The protagonists of the movies under discussion suffer sexism at familial, social
and professional levels in sports because of their being women. The paper throws light on
various types of barriers -such as socio-cultural, biological and psychological- which women
players have to cross, in addition to dealing with a bizarre and weird kind of treatment which
is never offered to their male counterparts. It depicts how family pressures and restrictions,
cultural inhibitions, lack of support and biased attitude of society can ultimately yield to the
determination of women players. The paper suggests that sports can be used as an effective
tool for women empowerment.
Key Words: Sports, Sexism, Cinema, Women, Indian. 


INFORMATION SEEKING BEHAVIOR OF UNDER-GRADUATE STUDENTS IN RATNAGIRI DISTRICT COLLEGES, AFFILIATED TO UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA

Sudhir Pandurang More

Page No.: 477 - 490

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The present research paper depict realistic picture of actual behavior of the under college
students during their process of seeking information in the information centre, i.e. Library. The
specific objectives are-To know the purpose of information seeking, To study the information
seeking behavior of undergraduate students,To measure the library services rendered by the
colleges to its students,, To suggest strategies of improving undergraduate students information
seeking behavior. A survey method and Random sampling technique was used in this study.
Accordingly well structured, opened, as well as closed ended questions were asked in the
questionnaire. It is found from the study that students in the colleges are the assets of the nation.
They are interested in finding information and knowledge. Proper guidelines and provision of
enough resources are the major responsibilities of the libraries.
Keywords: Iinformation seeking behaviour, under graduate students, information resources,
college library. 


COMPARATIVE STUDY OF KINESTHETIC PERCEPTIONS OF MALE AND FEMALE FIELD HOCKEY PLAYERS

Pandey Gayatri & Pandey vivek

Page No.: 491 - 498

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The kind of sense organs found within the muscles and joints are called proprioceptors. The
function of propioreceptors is conduct sensory reports to the central nervous system from
muscles, tendons, ligaments and joints. These sense organs are concerned with kinesthetic senses
that, in general, unconsciously tell us where our body part in relation to our environment. Their
contributions enable us to execute a smooth and coordinated movement. The purpose of this
study was to compare the kinesthetic perception of male and female hockey players. Total 15
male and 15 female intervarsity hockey players of 18 to 24 years old from L.N.I.P.E Gwalior
(M.P), were selected as subjects for this study. The kinesthetic perception of the subject was
measured with the administration of kinesthetic obstacles test. To determine the difference of
kinesthetic perception among male and female hockey players independent t-test test was
employed and the significant level was set at 0.05. The result of the data indicated that there was
no significant difference between male and female field hockey players.
Key words: Propioreceptors, Kinesthetic Senses, Muscles, Tendons, Ligaments. 


INCLUSIVE EDUCATION AND EQ

Minakshi Biswal

Page No.: 499 - 507

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All children are Equal. So, Equal opportunity should be provided to all. Right to education
act (2009) gives stress on education for all. This paper briefly describes the concept,
principles, benefits of inclusion and its relationship to the development of EQ.
Key Words: Inclusion, Inclusive Education, Emotional Intelligence, 


ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL STRUCTURE OF RAJASTHAN STATE ROAD DEVELOPMENT & CONSTRUCTION CORPORATION LTD

Rohit Berwal

Page No.: 508 - 524

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INTERROGATING PEDAGOGICAL STRATERGIES

Jaya Virat

Page No.: 878 - 885

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 The paper proposes to analyze educational strategies of education employed in Latin America
and Russia and does a comparative study with the pedagogical strategies used in India. It
suggests innovative methods of schooling can prove to be effective tools in bringing major
transformations. The paper proposes that the subjective consciousness of students must be taken
into account against the objective truths of the text books. The education system must not
advocate conforming of students into the present ideological apparatus but rather should
promote freedom from it towards humanization, because material gain must not be seen as the
ultimate ambition of a student’s life. The educational institutions must advocate critical intent
among students for the natural process of growth to take place. In the end paper examines
various cons of the idea of completely abolishing the system of school education.
Key Words: Ideology, deschooling, humanization, dehumanization, oppressor, and oppressed


KAKSHA GYARAHVI ME ADHYAYANRAT VIDNYAN TATHA KALA VISHAY KE VIDHYARTHIYONKI SAMSYA SAMADHAN YOGYATA KA TULANATMAK ADHYAYAN DHABHARA VIKASKHAND KE VISHESH SANDABHRA ME

SANDHYA PATEL

Page No.: 525 - 531

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ROLE OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIENCE IN ACADEMIC SUCCESS OF HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL STUDIES

Leelavatti

Page No.: 532 - 536

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Emotional Intelligence is relatively new concept in the field of psychology. The term
Emotional Intelligence was coined by Salovey and Mayer (1990) and popularized by Goleman
(1995). Both male as well as female, studying in various schools affiliated to CBSE, New Delhi
formed the sample for the present study. The tools used for collecting the data is Emotional
Intelligence Inventory developed and standarized by Mangal & Mangal for achievement the
percentage obtained by the student in 12th class C.B.S.E.
Data were analysed using Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and 2x2x2 Factorial
Design ANOVA. A significant correlation between Emotional Intelligence. Achievement were
also not found to be significantly correlated. 


STUDY OF EMTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMICACHIEVEMENT OF SENIOR SECONDARY CLASS STUDENTS

Ambica Saini

Page No.: 537 - 542

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The study has been conducted on a sample of 200 XI class students of Mahindergarh district
schools. Dr. Shubhra Mangal’s Emotional Intelligence Inventory was used as a tool for
measuring emotional intelligence. Matric examination marks were taken for judging the
academic achievement. The results reveal that the Govt. schools students have below average
emotional intelligence. Same is the case with the students of non-Govt schools students. No
significant difference has been found in the emotional intelligence of both the groups. It has
been fond that the emotional intelligence of the students has no significant impact on their
academic achievement. 


DEVELOPMENT OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS OF ASSAM UNDER SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN

Mrs. Manjuri Gogoi & Sailendra Bhuyan

Page No.: 542 - 562

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In India education has been accorded much importance since independence as it has been
perceived that educational development is necessary to ensure economic and over all
development of the country. In order to develop human resources in a better way it is
important that education is imparted to all sections of population in the country irrespective
of their caste, class, sex or religion. However, despite these provisions it has been noticed
that the spread of education is not uniform and there are disparities of all kinds in the field of
education. Availability of schools is not a major issue now. The real problem observed is
facilities provided to these primary schools functioning in various localities. In order to
universalize primary education, it is necessary to provide schools everywhere and also
provide all necessary facilities to all the schools. This is because schools without proper
infrastructure and facilities, termed as ill-equipped schools, may not be in a position to
impart education properly and the quality of education in such schools will be poor. In 2001
the Government of India has launched Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA). It is the latest effort of
the Government to universalize Elementary education in a mission mode. It aims to provide
useful quality education for all children in the age group of 6- 14 years for which it has set
the target 2010. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was launched in Assam in February, 2002. This
paper looks at the status of basic infrastructure facilities provided by Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
in the primary schools of Assam with special reference to Nalbari, Sonitpur, Jorhat, and
Dibrugarh District.
Keywords: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, Elementary education, Infrastructure, Universalization. 


TRIBES OF GOA: THEIR INSTITUTION AND MOVEMENT

Mr. Vijay M.Gawas & Mr.Mahesh Velip

Page No.: 563 - 579

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The tribes like Gawda, Kunbi and Velip are the first settlers of Goa. It is very difficult
to reconstruct their early history as literary sources are not available for the same. The
available evidence, particularly archaeological literary and folklore have proved that the
tribes are aboriginals of Goa. It is said that the Goan tribes racially belongs to the protoaustraloid
group. And also the tribal communities are called as Mull Goenkar i.e. indigenous
Peoples meaning the original settlers of Goa. During the period of colonialism, the tribal
people also suffered from external and internal invader. The tribal population has
contributed to the political, economic and social growth of Goa. However, this aspect of
Goa’s history is yet to be reconstructed. The present paper deals with the Goan tribes, their
institutions and movement. This is based on books, journals, newspaper, and folklore. The
data from “Mand” of GKUVD (Gawda, Kunabi, Velip and Dhangar Federation) of Goa is
also used here.
Keyword: Tribes of Goa, Traditional institution, Colonial period, Religious, independent
movement, Post- Liberation, Conclusion. 


PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE: AN EMERGING ISSUE IN PREPARING TEACHERS

Sudhindra Roy & Ritendra Roy

Page No.: 580 - 591

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Teacher is one of the important components of education system. The quality and extent of
learner achievement are determined primarily by teacher competence, sensitivity and teacher
motivation (NCFTE, 2009). The achievement of the educational goals largely depends on the
quality and standard of the teacher. Thus it is important to make them prepare for the future or
upgrade their knowledge with new concepts to address the better quality and standard of them.
Pedagogical content knowledge is one of such emerging concept which should be integrated in
the curriculum of teacher education at all the level i.e. D.El.Ed, B.Ed or M.Ed. Pedagogical
content knowledge (PCK) is a type of knowledge unique to teachers. PCK concerns the manner
in which teachers relate their pedagogical knowledge to their subject matter knowledge in the
school context for teaching students with specific level of understanding (Shulman, 1986). It is
the integration of teacher pedagogical knowledge with their subject matter knowledge in the
specific context so that definite needs of the group of students as well as individual students can
be addressed and make the learning simple to understand. In a country like India where the
teachers have to deal with different context and different level of understanding of the students
PCK of the teacher is more important instead of the content knowledge or pedagogical
knowledge singly. This paper will try to define and explore the concept PCK followed by
explaining the need of implementing the concept PCK in Indian Teacher Education curriculum
and thereby will try to identify the elements related to PCK that has been mentioned in the new
NCTE regulation i.e. National Council for Teacher Education (Recognition Norms and
Procedure) Regulations, 2014.
Keywords: Teacher, Pedagogical content Knowledge, Indian Teacher Education curriculum,
NCTE regulation (2014) 


LINGUISTIC MINORITY CONCEPT IN INDIA: MYTH AND REALITY

Jagan Karade

Page No.: 592 - 606

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In the contemporary period, in India religion and language are most sensitive issues in
our country because on this basis the people dominate other society. The Constitution of India
used the word ‘Minority’ in the Articles No. 29 and 30 and 350A and 350 B. It means the people
of the dominant group or community are numerically high (which is called as majority) and the
other group is called as minority. The concept of minority has been expanding beyond the
boundaries of the state and nation. It basically speaks about two kinds of minorities in India
which are, religious and linguistic. The Indian states have been formed on the basis of linguistic.
This point of view has created various problems related to the Minority and their rights. Many
high courts and Supreme Court judgments have not discussed the concept and criteria of
minority status but they have discussed their rights. Therefore, the time has come to think about
the concept of minority and their rights.
Key Words - Concept, Minority, linguistic. Rights. Religious 


A STUDY OF STUMBLED ENTREPRENEURIAL ACTIVITY WRF TO DOMESTIC VIOLENCE ON MAHILA WORKERS OF UNORGANIZED SECTOR WITH REFERENCE TO NORTHEAST AREAS OF MUMBAI CITY

Sangeeta N. Pawar

Page No.: 607 - 618

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Domestic Violence is a human rights issue and a serious offence committed against women at
large in many Indian houses. It is more rampant, persistent, severe and violent among rural as
well as urban population. The severity is definitely high amongst the uneducated, poor, low
middle, and even the middle class population perhaps the figure of domestic violence may tend to
even be equal in case of educated working class of population. The domestic violence is serious
deterrent to development. The Vienna Accord of 1994 and the Beijing Declaration and the
Platform for Action (1995) have acknowledged this. The United Nations committee on
Convention on Elimination of all forms of discrimination against women (CEDAW) in its
General Recommendation No. XII (1989) has recommended that State parties should act to
protect women against violence of any kind especially that occurring within the family. The
Study on women workers provides information on their wage and working conditions, socioeconomic
background and life styles. Some are migrants which make them come to Mumbai city
for livelihood because of their financial compulsions. Some women work as maid servants, some
as construction laborers, some as vendors, sweepers, scavengers etc. They live in slums, in bad
living conditions with no sanitation facilities, lack of water and health of these women is more
vulnerable showing mortality rates, delivery deaths, ailments, prolonged diseases like
Tuberculosis, asthma, skin diseases etc. The Research background is magnifying the details and
findings through applied research. This is a problem solving and problem oriented research. It ismore like a action research carried out to find solution to the real life problems faced by the
unorganized sectors mahila workers. The research appeals to the policy makers to initiate and
design policies, strategies, take concrete and implementative actions and have accountability
towards such distorting offences disturbing the physical and mental harassment of women. The
aim of the study is to highlight the phenomenon of domestic violence which is widely prevalent
but has remained invisible. Presently a woman is cruelly physically and mentally harassed by
her husband and her in-laws or her husband’s relatives, is an offence under section 498-A of the
Indian Penal Code. The present paper is a dedicated attempt to identify and study more
analytically the cases of domestic violence committed against the women workers in home based
organizations prominently termed as self employed mahila workers. The Methodology
manifested in the research study and the data collection is through primary and secondary
source. For secondary data books, journals, periodicals, thesis, dissertations and government
reports are used and the primary data is collected through Depth interview by Non-Disguised
method. This method is adopted to make the respondent feel free and since the issue is more
sensitive, there is full chance that the respondent will not want to speak or reveal the facts
therefore to have more friendly approach this method is used. The study is a random sample
survey of 50 mahila workers but surprising only 20 women were vocal, bold enough to lodge
police complaint against their family members especially the husband. The study depicts the
scenario of domestic violence prevailing amongst the mahila workers of unorganized sector or
self employed women working in Bhaji Poli Kendra run by women entrepreneurs in North East
Areas of Mumbai City with reference to Chembur, Govandi and Mankhurd residing women.
The Findings are very but natural and abstract that every woman interviewed has been victim of
domestic violence. 100% findings reveal that domestic violence in this study has proved correct
and rampant rise is measured for more predominant reasons of poor economic conditions. The
study implies to Accelerate the economic conditions of women, make them independent and earn
their livelihood to establish their empowerment over their family members. The data interpreted
in the study shows the mental disturbances and psychological issues of the women. Their
strength and cope up strategies to tolerate injustice and harassment. The study implies to
provide information of some schemes to women initiated by the government so has to make their
economically strong, information of law and NGO who can be approached and contacted for
conviction of the crime and in some cases consultation talks with family members to find solution
to the problems.

Keywords: Domestic violence, mahila workers, self employed, Harassment, Abuse 


CONTENT KNOWLEDGE AND PEDAGOGICAL CONTENT KNOWLEDGE IN THE EIGHTH GRADE MATHEMATICS TEXTBOOK OF WEST BENGAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Subir Sen & Tuhin Kumar Samanta

Page No.: 619 - 629

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Present work deals with an analysis of content knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge in eighth grade mathematics textbook of West Bengal Board of Secondary Education, West Bengal, and India. Concepts which are explored in the algebra together with necessary concepts which should be included are also discussed. An analysis on textual presentation and exercises supplied with necessary recommendations are argued.
Key words: Mathematics textbook, Algebra, Content knowledge, Pedagogical Content
Knowledge. 


A STUDY OF THE ATTITUDE OF TEACHERS TOWARDS COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING

N.V.Bose

Page No.: 630 - 651

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This paper reports the attitudes of teachers in Jamnagar District, Gujarat towards implementing the Communicative Language Teaching (CLT). A brief review of the teaching methods and approaches to ELT is presented with an objective of underlining the relevance of CLT. Teachers’ feelings and beliefs about the Communicative Approach are ascertained from their statements in response to an attitudinal questionnaire reflecting the principles of this approach. Teachers’ behavior is observed and described to compare with what they reported to be the effective implementation of the principles of the approach. This study provides analyses of the phenomenon of teachers’ attitudes towards the effective implementation of the Communicative Approach in ESL classrooms. The findings can be used to complement studies on teachers’ attitudes towards CLT. 


CHALLENGES OF SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION IN THE NEW MILLENNIUM -WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MEGHALAYA

Sumana Paul

Page No.: 652 - 661

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COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MID DAY MEAL SCHEME: EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION IN ANDHRA PRADESH

Raghuveer Pinisetty

Page No.: 662 - 670

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The aim of this paper was to find out the importance of community participation and contribution for the quality improvement of Mid Day Meal Scheme in Andhra Pradesh. The main objective of the Mid Day Meal(MDM) is to increase the enrolment, retention drive and declining of dropout rate and at the similar instant to improve the nutritional support of children for physical and mental growth. This scheme has been negligible by the community. The children belongs to downtrodden were more inequity and helpless due to the poverty and vulnerable. The quantity and quality of food served to children under mid day meal has put a question mark on this scheme. Hence, the proper implementation of this scheme it would be necessary to take measures through the community participation.
Keywords: Community Participation, quality improvement, vulnerable, implementation 


USE OF ELECTRONIC JOURNALS BY THE RESEARCHERS OF PDPM-IIITDM, JABALPUR CENTRAL LIBRARY: A STUDY

Veena A. Prakashe & Sapana S. Tayade

Page No.: 671 - 679

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The user study has been conducted in Indian Institute of Information Technology Design and Manufacturing Library (IITDM), Jabalpur. The paper deals with experiences of research staff and PhD scholars about various issues relating to electronic journals. The study highlights the level of use of available Electronic Journals and user satisfaction. Questionnaires were personally handed over to 99 research staff and research scholars. Based on the analysis and observations, some suggestions have been set forth to make the service more beneficial for the academic community of the PDPM-IIITDM under study.
Keywords: Electronic Journals, PDPM-IITDM, Users Study, Research Scholars 


A STUDY OF PERSONALITY OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO COMMITMENT

Ms. Anupama

Page No.: 680 - 686

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The present study examines the personality of adolescents in relation to commitment.
The sample of the study comprised of 200 eleventh class students (100 boys and 100 girls)
studying in government and private schools of Chandigarh. Descriptive survey method was
employed to collect the data. The major findings of the study revealed a significant difference
in the personality of male and female adolescents. Further, adolescents with high level of
commitment have better personality as compared to their counterparts. But, there was no
significant difference in the personality and commitment level with regard to type of school.
Keywords: Personality, Psychological Hardiness, adolescence, Commitment 


INDIAN CONSTITUTION & RIGHT TO EDUCATION

C .A. Shingte

Page No.: 687 - 692

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 India made a constitutional commitment to provide free & compulsory education to all children
up to the age of 14, by adding this provision in article 45 of the directive principles of state
policy. It is now a legally enforceable duty of the Centre & the states, to provide free &
compulsory education. This act is an essential step towards improving each child’s accessibility
to secondary & higher education. The act also contains specific provisions for disadvantaged
groups such as child laborers, migrant children, children with special needs, or those who have
a disadvantage owing to social, cultural, economical, geographical, linguistic, gender or any
such factor. The aim of compulsory education is to protect children’s right to education because
children have no way of asserting that right for themselves when through neglect or ignorance,
no attention is paid to this need.
Key words – Indian constitution, Right to Education act


TOWARDS STUDYING INDIAN NATIONAL CONSTITUTIONAL PROVISIONS RELATED TO FEW EDUCATIONAL ASPECTS.

Veena Devi Trivedi

Page No.: 693 - 697

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This paper is confined to some of the educational aspects of Indian national constitutional
provisions given in terms of education, religion, minorities, equity and gender along with
vulnerable groups The Constitution of India was formed in 1950 and was amended in 2006.The
Indian Constitution has recognized the significance of education for social justice and change. It
is a document which promises to bring social transformation. The Preamble paves way for to
secure liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship and equality of status and
opportunity and to promote amongst the people a feeling of fraternity, ensuring the dignity of the
individual and the unity of India. Literacy brings a mark for making the provision of equality of
opportunity a reality. The objective mentioned in the Preamble contains the basic structure of
the Constitution, which cannot be amended, and the preamble may determine the ambit of
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.
Key Words: National, Constitutional, Provisions, Education . 


THE CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE USING INTERNET OF THINGS

Kishor Keshaorao Wikhe

Page No.: 698 - 706

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BLOCK BASED ROBUST BLIND IMAGE WATERMARKING USING DWT, SVD AND TORUS AUTOMORPHISM

Chaudhari Manoj A.

Page No.: 707 - 712

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EXPLORATORY STUDY OF OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN HANDI CRAFT INDUSTRY

Sujay Madhukar Khadilkar

Page No.: 698 - 714

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GENDER DISCRIMINATION THROUGH AGES IN INDIA

Kapil Gandhar

Page No.: 715 - 735

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 The status of women in ancient times was quite respectable in Indian society with time it underwent unfavorable change  due to numerous factors including attitude towards women and social evils. There was a continuous  decline in the position of women which was followed by attempts by social reformers to improve the status of women. Thus the condition of women went from high to low and then improved with special efforts. This paper makes an attempt to depict the discrimination against women during different time periods classified as ancient, medieval and modern India. 

 

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Ray, Raka. Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India. University of Minnesota Press; Minneapolis, MN 1999. Kumar, Radha. The History of Doing, Kali for Women, New Delhi, 1998. Sen, Amartya. "The Many Faces of Gender Inequality." The New Republic, 17 September 2001. Gangoli, Geetanjali. Indian Feminisms – Law, Patriarchies and Violence in India. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited, 2007. Partha Chatterjee, "The Nationalist Resolution of the Women's Question," in Recasting Women: Essays in Colonial History, Kumkum Sangari and Sudesh Vaid, eds. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press.
CROSS COUNTRY RACE: - AN OVERVIEW

Dalveer Singh Kaunteya

Page No.: 736 - 744

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 The IAAF recommend for international competitions that there is a main course loop of between 1750m and 2000m with natural obstacles used where possible, and the likes of deep ditches, dangerous ascents and descents as well as thick undergrowth should be avoided. Cross country running is a sport in which teams and individuals run a race on open-air courses over natural terrain such as dirt or grass. How to conduct cross country. frist we explain course design, cross-country races distances, start, drinking / sponging and refreshment stations, disqualified, strategy, finish, and  scoring. The course shall be clearly marked with tape on both sides. It is recommended that all along one side of the course a 1m wide corridor, heavily fenced from the outside of the course, shall be installed for the use of organization officials and media only. The races shall be started by the firing of a gun. The commands for races longer than 400m shall be used .In races which include a large number of athletes, five-minute, three-minute and one-minute warnings should be given. Water and other suitable refreshments shall be available at the start and finish of all races. For all events, a drinking / sponging station shall be provided every lap. The finish area shall be wide enough to enable several runners to sprint side by side and long enough to separate them at the finish. Unless a Transponder Timing System is being used together with a backup system (such as a video recording) to check finishing orders, finish lanes (“funnels”) should be set up some 8 to 10 meters after the finish line with a maximum width of 0.70-0.80m. Once in the funnels. Scores are determined by summing the top four or five individual finishing places on each team. In international competition, a team typically consists of six runners, with the top four scoring. In the United States, the most common scoring system is seven runners, with the top four  scoring. above all the point should be kept in mind when you organized cross country.
Keywords:-race course, start, finish, distance, scoring.
 


INFLUENCE OF TYPES OF SCHOOLS AND EFFORTFUL CONTROL ON PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY OF SCHOOL STUDENTS

Sawinder Arora

Page No.: 745 - 749

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 One  of  the  indicators  of  intelligent   behavior  is  the  ability  to  solve problem.  A student is  expected to  have  adequate problem  solving ability  that   will  help  them   in  solving  academic  and   non-academic problems.  Therefore,  various  efforts  need   to  be  done   to  improve problem solving ability in students. The present study was an effort  to study the  influence of  types of  institutions and  effortful  control   on problem solving ability of secondary school students. It was a survey work. The sample was selected from  VIIIth, IXth  and  Xth class students of  government  and   private   schools  of  Jalandhar  and   Kapurthala districts by using cluster random sampling technique. Tools used for data collection were  Problem Solving Ability Test by Kaufman (1954) and  King  (1991),  and  Effortful  Control  Scale   by  Lonigan   &  Phillips (2001).   The   collected  data  were   analysed  and   the   results  were interpreted. A problem can  be  defined as a  block  or obstacle that  one  cannot overcome with exiting   habits  and   practices.  Woolfolk  (2004)   pointed  out   that   problem  is  any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find a means to do so. In  day-to-day  life we face  many  problems  with no readymade solution.  The aim  of our   schools  is  to   make   our   students  efficient  in  solving  problems.  National Curriculum  Framework (2005)  emphasised that  the  development  of life skills  such as critical  thinking  skills,  interpersonal  communication  skills,  negotiation/refusal skills,  decision  making/  problem-solving  skills,  and  coping   and  self-management skills is very critical  for dealing  with the  demands and  challenges of everyday  life. Kennedy   (1980)   argued  that   problem  solving  is  related  to  individuals’  previous knowledge and experiences. So, learning  problem solving skills in the schools can be beneficial in solving problems. However, government and  private  schools in India differ  with  respect to  many  factors like socio-economic background of  students, qualification of teachers, salary structure of teacher, and  medium of learning.  Thus, the type of schools can  have different influence on the problem solving ability of the students. It may  be  beneficial to  study the  influence of  types of  schools on  the problem solving ability of the students. Moreover, the study also focused on investigating the relationship between effortful  control  and problem solving ability of student. As effortful  control  include  attentional control  processes, the  inhibition  of prepotent behaviors in response to instructions or social demands, and the capacity to  perform an  action when  there  is a  strong tendency to  avoid  it (Rueda, 2015), studying problem solving ability in relation  to effortful  control  of the students can  be useful. Thus, it was thought to study the  influence of types of schools and  effortful control  on problem solving ability of secondary school students


ASLAN, E. A. (2002). Yarat?c? problem çözme. ?çn. Örgütte kisisel geli?im [Creative problem solving. In personal development at organization] Esra A. Aslan (Ed.) Ankara: Nobel Yay?nlar?. Kaufman, G.L. (1954). The book of modern puzzles (2nd Ed.). New York: Dover Publication, Inc. Kennedy, L. M. V. (1980). Educational psychology: In theory and practice. New York: Random House King, A. (1991). Effects of training in strategic questioning on children's problem- solving performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 307-317 Lonigan, C.J., & Phillips, B.M. (2001). Temperamental influences on the development of anxiety disorders. In M.W. Vasey & M.R. Dadds (Eds.), The development psychopathology of anxiety (pp.60-91). New York: Oxford University Company. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA. National Curriculum Framework. (2005). National curriculum framework. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training. Verstracten, K., Vasey, M.W., claes, L., &Bijttebier, P. (2009). The assessment of effortful control in childhood: Questionnaires and the Test of Everyday Attention for children compared. Personality and Individual Differences, 48, 59-65. doi: 10.1016/i. Paid.2009.08.016. Woolfolk, A. (2004). Educational psychology (9th Ed.). Delhi: Pearson Education, Inc.
TOURIST SATISFACTION WITH HILL STATION: A CASE STUDY OF MATHERAN

Uttam N. Gadhe

Page No.: 750 - 757

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Ahammed, M. K. (2012) : “Major Quality Determinants of Tour Package in Kerala : A Case Study of Kerala Tourism Development Corporation”, South Asian Journal of Tourism and Heritage, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 43-52. Alegre, J. and Garau, J. (2010) : “Tourists Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction”, Annals of Tourism Research, Vol. 37, No.1, pp. 52-73. Anvari, M.R. (2008) : “Geographical study of tourism development in Esfahan Province, Iran”, Unpublishled Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pune, Pune. Aparana, Raj (2004) : “Tourist Behavior Psychological Perspective”, Kanishka Publisher, New Delhi.
COLLABORATION BETWEEN TEACHER EDUCATION INSTITUTES AND SCHOOLS

Dipak Chavan

Page No.: 758 - 763

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 Teachers are the furthermost assets of any education system. They play a vital role in the transmission of knowledge, skills and values. Teachers can create social cohesion, national integration and a learning society. Teacher education plays crucial role in restructuring and strengthening the education system of any country. 
Teacher training has promising global trends in education and it is an integral part of educational system. Teacher education in India has to be responsive to socio-cultural ethos and national development. The National Council for Teacher Education has to initiate suitable measures to make teacher education at various levels responsive to such developments as well as to quality concerns in future.  
This paper discusses the collaboration between the teacher education institutes and schools for quality teacher education in Indian context. It includes aims, importance and Models of collaboration. It also explains the benefits, difficulties and conditions for successful collaboration between TEIs and schools.
Keywords: Collaboration, Teacher Education Institutes, Schools
 


Goodlad, J. I. (2004). A place called school (2nd Ed.). New York: McGraw?Hill. Heath, R., Blackburn, B., Williams, A. & Zimmerman, P. (2004). The professional development school: A community of learners. Presentation at the South Carolina Teacher Leaders Symposium. Columbia, South Carolina. Heath, R. (2005). Developing partnerships between public schools and higher education. Singh J.D. (2012). Measures for Improving Quality of Teacher Education Education India Journal: A Quarterly Refereed Journal of Dialogues on Education, ISSN 2278-2435, Vol. 1, Issue- 3, August 2012 Walkington, J. (2007). Improving partnerships between schools and universities: Professional learning with benefits beyond preservice teacher education. Teacher Development, 11(3)
INTERNET USING PATTERN OF COLLEGE STUDENTS: A STUDY

Prof. Rajendra Thigale

Page No.: 764 - 772

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SAYAJIRAO MAHARAJANCHI DHARMIK SUDHARANA YOGDAN AANI TYACHI SAMKALIN PRASANGIKTA

Patil Anil Nimba

Page No.: 773 - 783

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CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND DFT CALCULATIONS OF POLYNUCLEAR 2D COPPER (II) COMPLEX OF PYRAZINE CONTAINING PERCHLORATE

Surendra Singh

Page No.: 784 - 797

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A new polynuclear cationic complex of copper(II) (Cu(II)) with pyrazine as a ligand and perchlorate acting as a counter-ion was obtained. X-ray diffraction results accounted for a 2D polymer array of cations, in which the metal-ions were located on an ideal square-pyramidal coordination environment defined by four nitrogen atoms of pyrazines and one chloride. The polymer compound, which extended along the ab plane of the structure, showed Cu(II) displaced 0.9?Å from the plane defined by the N-atoms and chloride. Perchlorate ions were situated in cavities interacting with pyrazine by anion-? weak interactions. These low-energy bonds emerged as a consequence of the ?-acidity of pyrazine upon coordination to Cu(II). Density-functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06-2X level of theory using 6-31G(d) and 6-31+G(d) were conducted aimed at achieving an electronic description of selected properties of title complex. M06-2X/6-31G(d), in particular, proved to be an acceptable performer in dealing with geometric aspects keeping the computational cost very low. Keywords: Polymer compound; copper(II) complexes; pyrazine; DRX studies; DFT calculations


IMPACT OF MAHILA SAMAKHYA PROGRAMME FOR THE EMPOWERMENT OF SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN KERALA

Radhakrishnan T.T.

Page No.: 798 - 815

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The development of the country is possible only through the development of women folk. Women of our country face a lot of issues that need immediate consideration. It has been observed that social, economic and political status of women particularly Scheduled Caste women in Kerala is very low. Various empowerment strategies are implemented for the upliftment of women especially of the disadvantaged sections of the society. This study assesses the impact of Mahila Samakhya for the empowerment of Scheduled Caste women in Kerala. The present study is an attempt to investigate how decision-making ability, educational background, socio-economic conditions, social awareness, self-confidence, self-esteem, leadership qualities are in a way to achieve the goals of women’s empowerment. The researcher undertook the study to explore the impact of Mahila Samakhya programme upon the Scheduled Caste and general beneficiaries of the programme concerned. Impact has been measured by comparing the participants of the programme among Scheduled Caste and general categories. Women empowerment was measured by nine dimensions of empowerment i.e. Household decision making, Self-confidence, Education, self-esteem, Health awareness, Political Decision Making, Economic decision making, Legal awareness and Leadership. The present study also discusses the limitations of the existing functioning of the programme as well. The study dealt with the challenges and prospects of the Mahila Samakhya Programme. On the basis of the findings of the study some suggestions have been given to improve the effectiveness and to remove various problems associated with the design and implementation of the programme concerned.
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Agarwal, S. P. (2001). Education in India: 1995-98 present status perspective plan statistical indicators with a goal view (Vol. 3), New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company. Ajay, B. P. (2013). Empowering women against domestic violence. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/10603/13223.
NEW TRENDS IN EDUCATION

Khushal Limbraj Mundhe

Page No.: 816 - 818

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Among many global educational trends, distance learning cannot be missed out. At first glance, some people may think that distance learning is similar to online learning. However, these modern trends are not exactly the same. Each trend has its own specialist. With remote learning, learners can get a course in the absence of in-person interactions. This proves that education can be carried on from distances, no matter where we are. Since the growth of technology, blended learning is never out of the popular educational trends list. With this method, you can make use of both face-to-face and eLearning training methods. Thanks to that, learners become the center of learning. Meanwhile, teachers play the role of mentors to orient learners. This modern trend not only boosts learners’ learning experiences but also wakes their learning motivation up. Happy schools, happy teachers, happy learner. That’s all things we achieve now! The more learners are happy, the more prosperous society becomes. However, the fact indicates many mental health issues that learners have to deal with in modern life. So, what can we do to improve this situation Now, give SEL a go. Then, you will see learners’ social interaction, healthy relationships, and well-informed decisions promoted. Keywords: Education, Virtual learning, Gamification
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https://www.wallacefoundation.org/news-and-media/blog/pages/your-top-picks-and-ou https://www.teachthought.com/pedagogy/modern-trends-in-education/https://elearningindustry.com/current-trends-in-the-indian-education-system https://atomisystems.com/elearning/10-popular-trends-in-education/
OPERATIONAL DYNAMICS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PEDAGOGY OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

Dr. H N VISHWANATH

Recived Date: 2015-07-10 | Accepted Date: 2015-08-20 | Published Date: 2015-09-04

Page No.: 819 - 827

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Effective Teaching and meaningful Learning in Science are the two foci of imparting productive Science education. If both are to be highly qualitative, it’s very important for the teachers and practitioners to realize and refine their understandings of curriculum transaction in Science.  It is an accepted fact that effective teachers are usually not born but made through training, exposure and experience. Good Science teachers nurture their scientific knowledge and skills through constant and deliberate efforts. One of the prerequisite to be a good science teacher is to understand the process of teaching-learning science and effective classroom management in more depth.

It is indeed a sorry state of affairs that even today teaching is just transacting curriculum by way of direct explanation of the content for conceptual understanding by teachers where students are just passive recipients of information rather active producers of new knowledge.  In the context of NCF 2005 and NCFTE 2009, which strongly advocate self-construction of knowledge, it is very significant to rethink about the dynamics of curricular transaction and redesign the pedagogic dimensions in the teaching of Science so as to enable students construct their own scientific knowledge, relate it to the immediate environment, reflect it in their personality and extend the same for problem solving in life and community for a better quality of life. More specifically learning of Science needs to be shifted from passive and conventional methods to active and innovative methods.

In this context one has to seriously think about how to make children active learners with an enhanced ability to construct their own scientific knowledge and become productive citizens of our country. There is an element of discovery, exploration, and inquiry in every child that probably lead him or her to a contributory individual in terms of scientist. In a nutshell each individual student is a budding scientist who is only to be pulled out. This would be possible only when teachers modify their information transferring conventional classrooms into a place where students are transformed to produce new knowledge, get their scientific skills sharpened, scientific attitude is promoted, aptitude is magnified and in total the competence levels of students are boosted up. This indeed requires a new pedagogy called Constructivist Pedagogy. Teachers shall try to refine and reflect their understandings of the principles of constructivism and put conscious efforts to design a Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) their Constructivist Classrooms.

In this context the present study finds its significance, as the researcher tries to analyze the teaching-learning process and the pedagogical dynamics of constructivist science curricular transaction when students are employing 5E model of teaching Science.



OPERATIONAL DYNAMICS OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PEDAGOGY OF PRE-SERVICE SCIENCE TEACHERS AT SECONDARY LEVEL

Dr. H N VISHWANATH

Recived Date: 2015-07-10 | Accepted Date: 2015-08-20 | Published Date: 2015-09-04

Page No.: 819 - 827

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Effective Teaching and meaningful Learning in Science are the two foci of imparting productive Science education. If both are to be highly qualitative, it’s very important for the teachers and practitioners to realize and refine their understandings of curriculum transaction in Science.  It is an accepted fact that effective teachers are usually not born but made through training, exposure and experience. Good Science teachers nurture their scientific knowledge and skills through constant and deliberate efforts. One of the prerequisite to be a good science teacher is to understand the process of teaching-learning science and effective classroom management in more depth.

It is indeed a sorry state of affairs that even today teaching is just transacting curriculum by way of direct explanation of the content for conceptual understanding by teachers where students are just passive recipients of information rather active producers of new knowledge.  In the context of NCF 2005 and NCFTE 2009, which strongly advocate self-construction of knowledge, it is very significant to rethink about the dynamics of curricular transaction and redesign the pedagogic dimensions in the teaching of Science so as to enable students construct their own scientific knowledge, relate it to the immediate environment, reflect it in their personality and extend the same for problem solving in life and community for a better quality of life. More specifically learning of Science needs to be shifted from passive and conventional methods to active and innovative methods.

In this context one has to seriously think about how to make children active learners with an enhanced ability to construct their own scientific knowledge and become productive citizens of our country. There is an element of discovery, exploration, and inquiry in every child that probably lead him or her to a contributory individual in terms of scientist. In a nutshell each individual student is a budding scientist who is only to be pulled out. This would be possible only when teachers modify their information transferring conventional classrooms into a place where students are transformed to produce new knowledge, get their scientific skills sharpened, scientific attitude is promoted, aptitude is magnified and in total the competence levels of students are boosted up. This indeed requires a new pedagogy called Constructivist Pedagogy. Teachers shall try to refine and reflect their understandings of the principles of constructivism and put conscious efforts to design a Constructivist Learning Environment (CLE) their Constructivist Classrooms.

In this context the present study finds its significance, as the researcher tries to analyze the teaching-learning process and the pedagogical dynamics of constructivist science curricular transaction when students are employing 5E model of teaching Science.