An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

May-Jun,2019, vol-6/51

Impact Factor: 6.371

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2019-07-01

MAY-JUNE, 2019 SRJIS

QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF BACHELOR OF EDUCATION PROGRAMME IN ODISHA

Mr. Hare Krushna Parhi

Page No.: 12197 - 12203

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 A teacher is considered as the most vibrant factor in the process of education. His role is considered constructive, productive to achieve quality education. The citizens of a nation are the products of quality education. The quality of education depends on the quality of teachers. Teacher is the backbone of an educational system, maker of the mankind and the architect of the society. Qualities of teachers are adjudged on their competency on the subject, expertise to use methods and techniques of teaching, ability to understand learners’ problems and their attitudinal makeup. Quality is a dynamic and positive concept. It is essentially a product of intensive investment of capital, talent and hard work. Quality cannot be superficially achieved. Quality is not a chance, but a choice. Quality again is not an accident but a continuous goal achieving process. Quality is not destination, but an uninterrupted journey. While a teacher is so important for the entire nation, in this paper the researcher has tried to study the quality of student-teachers, the state Odisha is producing and it is proved through their academic achievement which is considered as the best tool to measure the efficiency in Indian educational system. An attempt is also made to study whether there is a significant relationship exists between the quantum of students enrolled and the number of student-teachers passed in the examination.
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Ahmed, S. And Sharma, A.(2017). Revamping Pre-Service Teacher Education under New NCTE Norms 2014: Perception Of B.Ed. Students Towards IncreasedDuration Of Course. International Journal Of Research – GRANTHAALAYAH,Vol.5 (Issue.6) Good, C.V. (1959). Dictionary of Education (Second Edition).New York: McGraw – Hill Book Co. Ministry Of Education (1985).Challenge Of Education – A Policy Perspective. New Delhi, Govt.Of India.
PRESENT CONDITION OF INTERNSHIP PRACTICED AT SECONDARY TEACHER EDUCATION IN BANGALORE ZONE

Nagarathna. S

Page No.: 12204 - 12209

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 According to NCFTE – 2009/10, School Internship is one of the important activities in teacher preparation programme. It is the major practical work which is based on the real School environment and real classroom experiences. School Internship provides the first hand experience regarding the pedagogy of teaching of various School subjects. Student-teachers can verify the theoretical knowledge what they have studied and acquired in their Lecture classes, that can be experienced in the real classroom situation through teaching. Internship is providing a great opportunity to understand the teaching and learning problems of the day to day situation. School is the real practical field to understand all the other aspects of School regarding curricular and co-curricular activities. Hence the Investigator has conducted  an Interview at various teacher training colleges, to know how exactly this Internship  programme is going on in  Aided and Unaided  Teacher training Colleges  of Bangalore Zone.
Keyword: Internship
 
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Aggarwal, Y.P., (1991) School Education, New Delhi, Arya Book Depot. BhibutiYadav, Encyclopedia of Teaching of Education, Anwad Publication, Pvt. Ltd New Delhi- 110002. Dravid. V.R., Teacher Education Curriculum., A Framework Prepared for National Council for Teacher Education., NCERT, New Delhi National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009) New Delhi. Siddiqui, M.A., Sharma. A.k., Arora G.L., 2010, Teacher Education , Reflections towards policy Formulation, NCTE., New Delhi – 110002. Singha H.S, School education in India, Contemporary Issues and Trends, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Aggarwal, Y.P., (1991) School Education, New Delhi, Arya Book Depot. BhibutiYadav, Encyclopedia of Teaching of Education, Anwad Publication, Pvt. Ltd New Delhi- 110002. Dravid. V.R., Teacher Education Curriculum., A Framework Prepared for National Council for Teacher Education., NCERT, New Delhi National Curriculum Framework for Teacher Education (2009) New Delhi. Siddiqui, M.A., Sharma. A.k., Arora G.L., 2010, Teacher Education , Reflections towards policy Formulation, NCTE., New Delhi – 110002. Singha H.S, School education in India, Contemporary Issues and Trends, Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.
THE STUDY OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH DESIGN

Subhash Singh

Page No.: 12210 - 12220

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 Qualitative research is a type of scientific research. In general terms, scientific research consists of an investigation that : seeks answers to a question . systematically uses a predefined set of procedures to answer the question, collects evidence. Produces findings  that were not determined in advance. Produces  findings that are applicable beyond the immediate boundaries of the study. Qualitative research shares these characteristics. Additionally, it seeks to understand a given research problem or topic from the perspectives of the local population it involves. Qualitative research is especially effective in obtaining culturally specific information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular populations.
Keywords: Research, Qualitative Research, Levels of Design.
 
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Aggarwal, Y.P. : The Science of Educational Research A Source Book, Nirmal Book Agency, Kurukshetra, 2007. Aggarwal, Y.P. (Ed.) : New Dimensions in Education , Kurukshetra University Press, kurukshetra, 1993. Aggarwal, Y.P. (Ed.) : Research in Emerging Fields of Education, Sterling Publishers Private Ltd., New Delhi, 1988. Bernard H.R. : Research Methods in Anthropology, Second Edition. London: Sage Publications, 1995. Denzin N.K., Lincoln Y.S. (eds.) : Handbook of Qualitative Research. London: Sage Publications, 2000. Best, John W. : Research in Education , Prentice Hall Inco Egliwood, Newjourcy, 1977.
SANSKRUT NATAKON ME NARI KA SWARUP

Seema Rani Sharma

Page No.: 12221 - 12226

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ROLE OF TEACHER & TEACHER EDUCATOR IN DEVELOPMENT OF LIFE SKILLS

Mamta Mandal

Page No.: 12227 - 12233

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Jump up Jump up "What is team building?". BusinessDictionary.com. Retrieved 15 May 2012. Jump up Jump up "Creative Team Building Activities and Exercises". Managerial Skills. Retrieved 15 May 2012. Jump up Jump up Heathfield, Susan M. "How to Build Powerfully Successful Work Teams". About.com. Retrieved 15 May 2012. Jump up Jump up LaFasto, Frank M. J.; Larson, Carl (August 2001). When Teams Work Best. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jump up Jump up Hackman, Michael Z.; Craig E. Johnson (2009). Leadership: A Communication Perspective (Fifth ed.). Long Grove, Illinois: Waveland Press, Inc. ISBN 978-1-57766-579-3
ROLE OF TEACHER IN TEACHING PROBLEM-SOLVING SKILLS

Mamta Mandal

Page No.: 12234 - 12240

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Gage, N.L. and Berliner, D.C.,(1992),Educational Psychology, 5th ed., Houghton Mifflin Co. Gick S. and Holyoak G., (1983), “Schema Induction and Analogical Transfer,” Cognitive Psychology. Kimura, D., (1992), “The Mind and the Brain,” Scientific American. Kurfiss J., (1988),Critical Thinking: Theory, Research, Practice, and Possibilities, ASHE-ERIC HigherEducation Reports #2. Wason, P., (1983), “Realism and Rationality in the Selection Task”. Evans, J. ed., Routledge and Kegan Paul, (1983) “Thinking and Reasoning: PsychologicalApproaches”. Woolfolk, A.E, Allyn and Bacon, (1993), Educational Psychology, 5th ed.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF HIGHER MENTAL ABILITY OF GOVERNMENT AND PRIVATE URDU MEDIUM SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS OF AURANGABAD CITY

Shaikh Roheena Begum & Siddiqui Fakeha Salahuddin

Page No.: 12241 - 12247

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 The present study is an attempt to examine a higher mental ability in science among Urdu medium government and private secondary school students in Aurangabad city. The sample of the study was selected by Stratified Random Sampling method which includes 300 students of Urdu medium secondary school students (120 private Urdu medium school students and 180 government Urdu medium school students of Aurangabad city). Tool used for the research was standardized ‘Test of higher mental ability in science (THMAS)’ by Dr.D.N. Sansanwal and Anuradha JOSHI. Research finding reveals that the higher mental ability in science of with respect to The Application, Analysis, synthesis & Evaluation ability government Urdu medium school students was found to be average. The Application, Analysis, Evaluation ability in science of private Urdu medium school students was found to be average, whereas the Synthesis ability respectively was found to be low. Result also revealed no significant difference between application analysis, evaluation ability of government and private Urdu medium secondary school students and significant difference was found between synthesis ability of government and private Urdu medium secondary school students
Keywords: Higher mental ability, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.
 
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Bloom.(1956).cognitive domain. Retrieved from http://regiscpslearningdesign. weebly.com/blooms-taxonomy.html. Laura A. Weis.(2008) The Effect of Thinking Maps on Students’ Higher Order Thinking Skills. Thinking Foundation. Retrieved from www.thinkingfoundation.org Sansanwal, D.N&Joshi,A.(1989).Manual for test of higher mental ability in science. Agra: National psychological corporation. Science education. (n.d). Indian institute of science. Retrieved from http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch4.pdfSimilar. Higher mental ability in science. (n.d.). Shodhganga. Retrieved from www.shodhganga.inflibnetac.in/bitstream./10603/472/12/08_chapter2.pdf. M.S.Yadav.(2004).Teaching of Science. New Delhi:Anmol publications. Science education.(n.d). Indian institute of science. Retrieved from http://www.iisc.ernet.in/insa/ch4.pdfSimilar.
ROLE OF TEACHER IN DEVELOPING SOFT SKILLS IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Prof. B. J. Mundhe

Page No.: 12248 - 12255

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 Soft skills play a vital role in professional success of the individuals. They help the person to excel in his/her workplace. Soft skills are also called human skill and people skill, complementing the hard skill. They are the interpersonal and human relation skill. It refers to the cluster of personality traits such as social graces, facility with language, personal habits, friendliness and optimism.
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S. Karpagam, R.Ananthasayanam, (2012), Edutracks, Vol.11 No.11, July.2012, Hyderabad: Neelkamal publication Pvt. Ltd. D.Vinodkumar, (2014), Edutracks, Vol.13 No.7 Mar.2014, Hyderabad: Neelkamal publication Pvt. Ltd. Dipak Jaiswal, (2011), Edutracks, Vol.13 No.7 July.2011, Hyderabad: Neelkamal publication Pvt. Ltd. S. Arulsamy, Z.Zayapragassarazan and M.S. Lalithamma, (2011), Teaching Skills and Strategies, New Delhi: Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd.
SEARCH AND RIGHT TO PRIVACY IN NIGERIAN LAW

Abubakar Sadiq Haruna, Ibrahim Danjuma & Bala Aliyu

Page No.: 12256 - 12263

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 The paper will discuss the roots of the rights to privacy and its domestication in Nigeria. It will also discuss the meaning of search, types of search (I.e search with warrant and without warrant), the classification of searches (i.e. search of persons body and objects),then conclusion and suggestions.
The right to privacy does not feature  at all under African charter on human and peoples rights [ ACHPR] 1981, but section 8 [1] of European convention for the protection of human rights and fundamental freedoms 1950 provides that “everyone has the right to respect for his private and family life, his home and his correspondence.”
The objective of search is to obtain evidence that may be used in the prosecution of criminal trial. Search can be on the person, things/object or premises. This paper intends to discuss why search, how its done, limitation there to, visa-a-vis the right of privacy. 
Keywords: Right, Convention, Privacy, Search, Citizens.
 
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Costums and exercise management Act. CAP. 84. VOL. VLFN.2004. Criminal procedure Act. CAP C-41 Laws of the Federation 2005 Criminal procedure code. CAP. 30 Laws of the Northern Nigeria 1963. Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999 as amended Police Act. CAP P- 19, 2004. Henry, C.B.M.A. Black’s Law dictionary, 6 edition , West Group, U.K. Horuby, A.S (2001): Oxford advance learners dictionary, 6 edition .Oxford University Press, Blai. Nchi, S.I. (2001); The Nigerian Law Dictionary, Green World Publishing Company Limited, Jos.
SPIRITUAL INTELLIGENCE: CORE OF TEACHING PROFESSION

Mrs. Moin Fatema

Page No.: 12264 - 12267

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 Spirituality is inherent aspect of human nature and essence of our existence, so it draws attention of many theorists as the source of all thoughts, feelings, values and behavior.The present research article focus on the meaning and aspects of spiritual Intelligence. It also throws light on the need of spiritual Intelligence in the workplace and especially in the teaching profession.
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Emmons, R.A(1999), the psychology of ultimate concerns: Motivation & Spirituality in personality, New York: Guildford Press. Emmons, R.A(2000),The International Journal for the psychology of religion,10(1),57-64. Vaughan,F(2002),Journal of Humanistic Psychology,Vol.42(2),16-33. Wigglesworth C.(2012), The twenty one skills of spiritual Intelligence, Select books Inc,New York. Zohar D. & Marshall, I (2000). SQ – Spiritual intelligence, the ultimate intelligence, the ultimate USA, New York, NY Bloom Burg 2000, 15-18. Zohar D. Spiritual capital : Wealth we can live by 2004. ISBN 1576751384. Wolman R. Thinking with your soul : Spiritual Intelligence and why it matters. New York : Harmony 2001. Vaughan F. What is spiritual intelligence? Journal of Humanistic Psychology. 2002 ; 12 (2) : 16-33. Emmons R. is spirituality and intelligence? Motivation cognition & the psychology of the ultimate concern International Journal for Psychology of religion, 20009, 10(1); 3-26. Bowell, Richard A (2005). The seven steps of spiritual intelligence. NicholaBrealey Publication, London. Buzan, Tony (2001). The power of spiritual intelligence. Colins Publishers, London. SrivastavaPrem (2017), Determinants of spiritual intelligence in Indian scenario.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF-ESTEEM AND ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN ENGLISH AMONG HIGHER SECONDARY STUDENTS

Ms. P. Sangeetha

Page No.: 12268 - 12274

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 The main purpose of the paper is to examine the relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in English of higher secondary students.  A total sample of 300higher secondary Plus One students (142boys and 158 girls) were randomly selected for the study.  Normative survey method was employed for data collection.  The Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem scale was used to collect the data.  Students’ achievement marks were collected from the mark register.   Three research questions were framed to guide this study.  Results revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between self-esteem and academic achievement in English.  Also, there is significant difference between boys and girls in self-esteem and achievement in English where girls excelled boys.  Findings showed that private school students were high in self-esteem and achievement in English when compared to government school students.
Keywords: Self-Esteem, Academic Achievement in English, Higher Secondary Students, Government and Private Schools
 
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Mohammad Aryana (2010). Relationship between Self-esteem and Academic Achievement Amongst Pre-University Students. Journal of Applied Sciences, 10, 2474-2477. Arshad, M., Haider Zaidi, S.M., & Mahmood, K. (2015). Self-Esteem & Academic Performance among University Students. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(1), 156-162. Retrieved from files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1083788.pdf Bhagat, P. (2016). Relationship between Self-esteem and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students. International Journal of Innovative Research & Development, 5(7), 211-216. James, C.M., Richmond, V.P., Daly, J.A. & Falcion, R.L. (1977). Studies of the Relationship between Communication Apprehension and Self?Esteem, 3(3), 269-277.
ALIGADH JILE KE MAHAVIDYALAYON ME KARYARAT VIVAHIT V AVIVAHIT MAHILA ACHARYON KI SAMAJPARAK SWATANTRATA PAR UCCHA SHIKSHA KE PRABHAV KA TULANATMAK ADHYAYAN

Rekha & Prof. Kavita Verma

Page No.: 12275 - 12283

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Dr. Rajkumari and Kumar Manoj (2018). Woman social freedom among married and unmarried women college students, International journal of Researh and Analytical rivieude, June 11 Sharma, Smita (2016). The social freedom among the women living in kamrup district of Assam; A study of some variables, International Journal of Applied Research 2016; 2(5): 216-219. J.Chhatrala, Pooja (2017). Women social freedom among married and unmarried women college student, International Journal of Indian Psychology 2017; ISSN: 2349-3429 (P), ISSuet www.nipccd-earchive.wed.nic.in www. essays hindi.com https://m.huffpost.com entry hindikiduniya.com
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VARIOUS SYNTHESIS METHOD OF 7-HYDROXY-4-METHYL COUMARINSVIA PECHMANN REACTION

Arote A.V, Shinde S. R, Hande S. Y & Ghare P. D

Page No.: 12284 - 12286

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 Resorcinol condensed with Ethyl acetoacetate (EAA) via pechmann condensation to form 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin in various reaction conditions. Present paper is comparative study of synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl coumarin with respect to yield, reaction time and reaction condition.  All products are characterized by spectral data and elemental analysis.
Keyword- Coumarin, Pechmann Condensation, Comparative study.
 
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W.C. Muley, Kirk OthmerEncyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 3rdEdition, John Wiley and Sons. New-York,1979. Kirkiacharian S., Thuy DT., SIcsic S., Bakhchianian R., Kurkjian R. and Tonnaire T., Structure Activityrelationship of some 3- Sub, 4-hydroxy Coumarins as HIV-I protease inhibitors II farmaco.,2002, 57,703. M. Zahradnik,The Production and application of fluorescent brightening Agents, John Wiley & Sons, New-York, 1992. Maeda, M, Laser dyes, Academic press, New York, 1984. Murray, R.D., Mendez, J., Brown S. A.,The Natural Coumarins-Occurrence, Chemistry and Biochemistry, John-Wiley & Sons New-York. 1982.
THE SURVIVAL ABILITY OF CARBENDAZIM RESISTANT MUTANT OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER IN MIXED POPULATION ON ZYZUPUS FRUIT

Purnima Sable

Page No.: 12287 - 12298

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 In natural population of plant pathogenic fungi, there is potential danger due to development of     fungicide resistance in the pathogen. Hence it is important to know the ability of such mutant for its survival in the sensitive population. Fitness of resistant Aspergillus niger mutant in the absence and presence of carbendazim was evaluated and its significance in the management of resistance is discussed.
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Cohen, E. (1989). Evaluation of fenpropimorph and flutriafol for control of sour rot, blue mold and green mold in lemon fruit. Plant. Dis. 73: 807-80 Dovas, C., G. Skylakakis, S.G. Georgopoulos (1976). The adaptability of the benomyl resistant population of Cercospora beticola in northern Greece. Phytopathol. 66:1452-1456. Gullino M. (1983). Resistance of Botrytis cinerea to dicarboximide fungicides: Situation in Italy. ISPP Chemical control Newsletter No.2, P.5.
CLIMATE CHANGE AND IMPORTANCE OF CROP BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION

V J Somani

Page No.: 12299 - 12305

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 Climate change is a global phenomenon that is felt now at local level also. We all have been experiencing changes in the seasons. The winter is getting shorter, summer long and monsoon highly unpredictable. Our agriculture production has gone down and the cost of cultivation has increased. The improved crop varieties that we grow are not capable of withstanding the burden of climate change at all the places. Earlier the crop varieties were suitable for particular place. These varieties were developed through selection over a long period of time, to suit the climatic and edaphic condition of an area. Many of such traditionally developed varieties have disappeared during the last few decades as there were no takers for them. Under the present scenario it is highly advisable to protect such varieties from getting extinct. Also there is need to document, test and preserve such valuable crop biodiversity from getting extinct. These varieties are useful not only for food security but also for livelihood of many who are dependent on agriculture.
Keywords: Biodiversity, climate change, food security, livelihood, traditional varieties. 
 
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Food and Agriculture Organization (2008) Climate change and biodiversity for food and agriculture. FAO, Rome. Khyade M. S., Kolhe S. R. and Deshmukh B.S. (2009) Wild Edible Plants Used By the Tribes of Akole Tahasil of Ahmednagar District (Ms), India. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 13: 1328-36, 2009. Somani V J (2018) Traditional paddy varieties from the Dang district of Gujarat. Unpublished work. Thaware B.L. , R. L. Kunkerkar and H. A. Shivade (2010) Status Paper on Rice in Maharashtra. Regional Agricultural Research Station, Karjat-410201, Maharashtra, India The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI) (2014) Assessing Climate Change Vulnerability and adaptation Strategies for Maharashtra: Maharashtra State Adaptation Action Plan on Climate Change (MSAAPC). TERI, New Delhi. Available on http://www.moef.gov.in/sites/default/files/Maharashtra%20Climate%20Change%20Final%20Report.pdf
EFFECT OF ROUNDUP (GLYPHOSATE) ON AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM USING HYDRA AS A MODEL SYSTEM

Seema Borgave, Santosh Kshirsagar & Rupendra Bhagde

Page No.: 12306 - 12317

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 In the current environmental scenario, one is daily exposed to a wide range of chemicals emitted from various origins and people are hardly aware about these and their long term effects. Roundup is a one of these origins. It is a commonly used herbicide in the area of Sangamner taluka of Ahmednagar district. Farmers use Roundup in large amounts to control different weeds and grasses. Chemical nature of Roundup is Isopropyl-amine salt of Glyphosate (41% w/w) and other relative ingredient (59% w/w). International Agency for Research on Cancer classified glyphosate as "probably carcinogenic in humans" (category 2A) in March 2015. Amongst mammals, glyphosate is considered to have "low to very low toxicity". Hydra, a fresh water coelenterate, is known for its tremendous regeneration capacity and has been extensively explored as a model system for aquatic toxicity testing. It has only two cell layers in the body column; all the cells get exposed to the surrounding medium which makes it susceptible to toxicants present in it, though present in very minute quantities. Here we show that commonly used herbicide Roundup hampers the life process even at low concentrations like 1:1000000 dilution. The adhering capacity of the basal discs was drastically reduced in whole and regenerating hydra after treatment. Also, the cells started disintegrating in both, whole and regenerating hydra at 1:1000000 dilutions within 24 hours post-treatment.  Thus, heavy use of such herbicides may disturb the aquatic ecosystem. Our study underlines the importance of precautious use of herbicides like Roundup for the protection of environment, especially aquatic ecosystem.    
Keywords: Glyphosate, Hydra, Regenerating hydra, Roundup 
 
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Chen, Y., Zhu, X., Zhu, X. (2000). Transformations and hydraulic captures of petrochemical contaminants in a karstfractured aquifer. Environ Geol 39, 1304-1308. Dill G.M., Sammons R.D., Feng P.C., Kohn F., Kretzmer K., Mehrsheikh A., Bleeke M., Honegger J.L., Farmer D., Wright D., Haupfear E.A. (2010). Glyphosate: Discovery, Development, Applications, and Properties. In Nandula VK. Glyphosate Resistance in Crops and Weeds: History, Development, and Management. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 978-0-470-41031-8. Duke S.O. and Powles S.B. (2008). Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide: Mini-review. Pest Management Science 64, 319–325, doi:10.1002/ps.1518. Gilbert, S.F. (2010) Developmental Biology Nineth edition, Sinauer Associates, Inc., Sunderland, Massachusettes. Glyphosate In Review (2018). Prepared by Blankinship & Associates, Inc. 1615 5th Street Davis, CA 95616 for Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District 330 Distel Circle Los Altos, CA 94022.
THE ROLE OF WASTE PICKERS IN MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

O. E Taiwo & C. Venter

Page No.: 12318 - 12330

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 Waste Pickers play vital roles in municipal solid waste management which include waste collection, separation, sorting and reuse of waste, thereby aiding recycling and reducing pressure on the environment.  Waste picking which occurs mostly in developing countries is an important survival option for the poor and unemployed. Introduction of new waste management strategies such as, separation of waste in homes would most likely impact on the livelihood of the unskilled waste pickers, because waste picking activities from landfills may be significantly reduced. Studies carried out in three areas of Johannesburg (South Africa) to determine the amount of waste that may be diverted from landfills showed that: 78.6%, 68.7% and 50.6% of recyclables and compostable materials from high, middle and low - income areas respectively may be diverted from the waste stream. If translated into practice, it could significantly impact on reduction on volumes of waste being landfilled.
This paper seeks to establish how changes to the current system of waste collection in the City of Johannesburg will impact on waste pickers; and presents options for integrating waste pickers into a modern solid waste management system.
Keywords: Municipal solid waste, waste pickers, solid waste management, integration, waste stream analysis
 
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Agamuthu, P. (2010). The Role of Informal Sector for Sustainable Waste Management. Waste Management and Research, 28 (8): 671 – 672. Babbie, E., Mouton, J., Vorster, P. & Prozesky, B. (2001). The Practice of Social Research. South African Edi. South Africa: Oxford University Press. Ball, J. & Associates (2001). A Waste Stream Analysis of the General Waste Stream: Current Waste Management in the City of Johannesburg. Danced Environmental Capacity Building Project, Report 1A. Johannesburg. December: 1 – 30. Chikarmane, P. (2012). Integrating Waste Pickers into Municipal Solid Waste Management in Pune, India, WIEGO Policy Brief (Urban Policies) No 8, July: 1 – 12. City of Johannesburg. (2010). Integrated Development Plan Revision 2010. Volume 1, pp1 – 337. Colombijn, F & Morbidini, M. (2017). Pros and Cons of the Formation of Waste Pickers Cooperatives: A Comparison between Brazil and Indonesia, Decision, 44 (2), June: 91 – 101. Dias, S.M. (2016). Waste Pickers and Cities. Environment & Urbanization, Vol. 28 (2): 375 – 390. International lnstitute for Environment and Development (llED). Drackner, M. (2005). What is waste? To whom? - An Anthropological Perspective on Garbage. Waste Management and Research, Vol.23 (3), June: 175 - 181.
BHAGWAT GITA AND YOGA THE GUIDE FOR SELF MANAGEMENT

Mani Arora

Page No.: 12331 - 12338

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Bhagavad Gita suggests \'one should always try to manage oneself\'.The Bhagavad Gita is a 2,500 year old Sanskrit text that offers profound insight into the deeper practices of yoga. Manual is something which gives you hand on instructions of how to properly use an equipement,. Similarly wordings of Gita explains us how to live life properly within this material worlds and without affecting from it.Gita metaphorically prepares for the battle of spiritual transformation,It explains the many challenges and stages of the yogic spiritual path.Though yoga can help us to live comfortably in our body until a ripe old age, we know that, unlike us, the body was not designed to live forever.  All chapters deal with one aspect of Yoga. Yoga and Gita both leads to the goal of self-realisation by daily practising some rituals and self-control. When one leads to control their heart from undesirable things it works as a detachment process which does not effects the height of emotions like depression or aggression. 
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geetasociety.org/the-legacy-of-yoga-in-bhagawad-geeta/ www.krishna.com › About Krishna › The Reading Room › Articles › Culture https://yogainternational.com/article/.../different-paths-of-yoga-in-the-bhagavad-gita https://www.yogajournal.com/yoga-101/first-book-yoga Setumadhvan T. N. “SrimadBhagvad Gita: A User’s Manual for Everyday Living” Bhattahiri M.P. “Bhagvad Gita and Management” https://www.ekhartyoga.com/articles/the-bhagavad-gita-and-the-battle-of-everyday-life Lake Gina “From Stress to stillness: Tools for inner Peace”
STUDY OF SKILLS OF TECHNICAL AND NON-TECHNICAL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR FAMILY ENVIRONMENT

Tina Verma

Page No.: 12339 - 12353

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 Skills are the key in stimulating a sustainable development process. Development of the skills depends on many factors but in this study, the researcher has attempted to study the skills of technical and non-technical students in relation to their family environment. The researcher used descriptive survey method in this study. 300 technical students from poly-Technic colleges and it is and 300 non-technical students from secondary schools of the Kumaun region were selected randomly. Two-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the collected data. The findings revealed a significant difference in the kills of technical and non-technical students as Non-technical students had higher skills as compare to technical students. Cohesive, expressive, conflicting, acceptance and caring, active recreational oriented and independent family environment had no significant effect on the skills of the students while organization and control dimension of the family environment had affected their skills significantly.
Keywords: Skills, Family Environment, Technical Students and Non-Technical Students.
 
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Cairney, T. (2000). The Knowledge based Economy: Implications for Vocational Education and Training, Centre for Regional Research & Innovation University of Western Sydney. Accessed from http://trevorcairney.com/file/uploads/cgilib.22733.1.VETLit Rview.pdf Esposto, A. and Meagher, G.A. (2007). The Future Demand for Employability Skills and the Implications for the VET System. Accessed from http://www.avetra.org.au/publications/12-Esposto.pdf Mumford, M. D., Zaccaro, S. J., Harding, F. D., Jacobs, T., & Fleishman, E. A. (2000). Leadership Skills for a Changing World: Solving Complex Problems. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), Pp. 11–35. Zaccaro, S. J., Mumford, M. D., Connelly, M. S., Marks, M. A., & Gilbert, J. A. (2000). Assessment of Leader Problem-Solving Capabilities. The Leadership Quarterly, 11(1), Pp. 37–64. Cassidy, S. (2006). Developing Employability Skill: Peer Assessment in Higher Education. Educ. Train. 48(7): Pp. 508-517. CBI & NUS (Confederation of British Industry and National Union of Students) (2011). Working towards Your Future: Making the Most of Your Time in Higher Education. Diakses 24 Oktober 2015 dari http://www.cbi.org.uk/pdf/ cbi-nus-employability-report.pdf. Tome, E. (2007). Employability, Skills and Training in Portugal (1988- 2000): Evidence from Official Data. J. Eur. Ind. Train. 31(5): Pp. 336-357.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS LIVE-IN RELATIONSHIPS

Ms. Neema Bajaj

Page No.: 12354 - 12392

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 This study evaluated the psychological attitudes towards Live-in Relationships. This study was conducted in January 2019. The current social conditions & changing normative nature of our society, is altering the attitudes of the youngsters. Generalization can be made on the basis of the results obtained in this study. Thus, we can conveniently say that females’ attitude towards live-in relationship is becoming more positive. The checklist includes 10 questions containing few positively worded and few negatively-worded statements. These checklists were carefully administered to 20 subjects (including 10 boys and 10 girls). Five minutes were provided to each subject to answer the questions. In this way the vital responses of the participants were collected. Even they prefer first live-in relationships and then marriage, as a form of social experimentation. Although, there are some limitations of this study. The questionnaire should have consisted more questions. Probability of occurrence of chance errors, sampling fluctuations, influence of other organismic and subjective factors like personality traits of the subjects, mood etc. was very high. This might have biased our results. 
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Robert A. Baron & Michael J. Kalsher: Psychology Morgan and King: Introduction to Psychology (7th edition) Baron and Brine: Social Psychology Internet: http://www.wikipedia.com
EMOTIONAL MATURITY: PREDICTOR OF ADOLESCENT’S CAREER MATURITY AT SENIOR SECEONDARY LEVEL

Rashmi & P.K. Joshi

Page No.: 12393 - 12400

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 Senior secondary is the level when an individual starts thinking and exploring various career options based upon his interest. This is the time when major physical, emotional and mental transformations take place. Feelings and emotions play a significant role in choosing a career. Present study was carried out to find out the relationship between emotional maturity and career maturity and also the extent to which emotional maturity contributes to career maturity. This study was conducted by adopting survey research method. 309 adolescents studying in senior secondary schools were randomly selected for the purpose of the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data on emotional maturity and career maturity. Data analysis included correlation and regression. Results indicated significant relationship between both the variables. Results also signaled that emotional maturity is a good predictor of career maturity. Implications of the findings could be to appoint counselors at the senior secondary level to assess the emotional maturity and levels of career maturity of the adolescent, so that they can be guided at right time by creating a healthy emotional environment. 
Keywords: emotional maturity, career maturity, senior secondary level
 
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Brown, D. (1990). Model of career decision making, In D. Brown and Associates (Eds) Career Choice and Development (2nd Ed), San Francisco: Jossey- Bass, PP. 295-421. Brown, C., George-Curran, R., & Smith, M. L. (2003). The role of emotional intelligence in the career commitment and decision-making process. Journal of Career Assessment, 11(4), 379-392. Creed, P. A. & Patton, W. (2003). Predicting two Components of Career Maturity in School Based Adolescents. Journal of career development, 29 (4), 277-290. Crites, J. O. (1976). A comprehensive model of career development in early adulthood. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 9(1), 105-118.
IMPACT OF WORK LIFE BALANCE ON WOMEN EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED GOVERNMENT OFFICES OF NANDED CITY: A CASE STUDY

Mrs. Yelgulwar Vijaya Hanmantrao & P. T. Pawar

Page No.: 12401 - 12408

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 There is dire need of the day to find out the proper balance between the work and life. Proper working condition play very important role in balancing the work life balance. In highly competitive world it felt necessary to find out the elements to create the obstacle in work and life. This paper is aimed to understand the impact of work life balance on women’s performance.
Keywords: Work life balance, working condition, obstacles, work family balance, work life over, work life conflict
 
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R. R. Borude:- Research Methodology, Pune Student Graha Publication, 1786, Sadashiv Petha Pune 41103, 17 September 2005 C. R. Kothari:- Research Methodology, 2004, New Age International (P) Limited publishers, New Delhi. V. S. Vyas, Deepak Joshi:- Emerging Trends In Service Sector, 2010, Published by J. V. Publishing house jodhapur. Ioan Lazar: - The role of work-life balance practices in order to improve organizational performance; XIII, (1), 2010. T.S. Santhi , k.Sundar:- a study on the work life balance of women employees in information technology industry, Vol. 2, January 2012 K. Thriveni Kumari, V.Rama Devi:- A Study on work-life balance a women employees in selected service sectors; Vol. 7, 10th April 2015. K. Santhana Lakshmi and S. Sujatha Gopinath: - Work life balance of women employees- with reference to teaching faculties; Vol. II, March 2013 J. Sudha, P. Karthikeyan:- Work life balance of women employees: A Literature review, Vol. 4, August 2014 .S.N. Pillai, V. Bagavathi:- Statistics, S. Chand & Company Ltd. Ram nagar, New Delhi110055 P. C. Tripathi:- A text book of Research Methodology in social science, sultan chand & sons Delhi
AN APPRAISAL OF THE CONSTITUTES OF THE OFFENCE OF INTENTIONAL KILLING UNDER NIGERIAN PENAL CODE

Abubakar A Shehu & Ibrahim A Shehu

Page No.: 12409 - 12413

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 Nigeria as a body of law has two different criminal code applicable in the southern part of Nigeria and the northern part of Nigeria. The offence of intentional killing is called murder in the criminal code applicable in the southern part of Nigeria whereas in the Northern part of Nigeria intentional killing is term as culpable homicide punishable with death. It fundamentally clear from the two code that the essential elements to be prove under the evidence act is mensrea and actusrus at the time of committing the offence. By the requirement of the law the constituent elements must be proving beyond reasonable doubt before the offender will be convicted under the criminal justice system of Nigeria.
Keyword: Offence, Intentional, Killing, Penal Code, Nigeria. 
 
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Professor KharisuChukol, The Law of Crimes in Nigeria first edition 1988. Penal Code of Nigeria 1959 Cyprian OkechukwuOkonko, Michael E. Naish Publishers London: Sweet & Maxwell, 1980
PUNISHMENT FOR THE OFFENCE OF CULPABLE HOMICIDE PUNISHABLE WITH DEATH UNDERTHE NIGERIANPENAL CODE

Abubakar A Shehu & Musa Jibrin Madaki

Page No.: 12414 - 12418

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 The end result of every criminal offence is punishment of offender, but judges are given the absolute powers and privilege to exercise their discretion in the process of conviction and sentencing of offenders. The fundamental issue which this paper aims at determining is to critically observed in the light of the provision of the criminal procedure code and the penal code whether it is allow for the judge to exercise his discretionary powers in capital offence like homicide for the purpose of mitigation of the offence. It is a trite law in Nigeria that culpable homicide punishable with death attract death penalty of sentencing either by hanging or by firing of the convict.
Keywords: Punishment, Culpable Homicide, Penal Code, Nigeria.
 
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Kharisu Sufyan Chukol (1988), The law of crimes in Nigeria First Edition, University Printing Press, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, Nigeria Criminal procedure Act Laws of the federation 1990 Criminal procedure code laws of the federation 1963
SOCIO ECONOMIC STATUS OF ZARI WORK: A STUDY OF KULBARI GRAM PANCHAYET, EAST MIDNAPORE, WEST BENGAL

Mitra Mondal

Page No.: 12419 - 12423

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 In India the cottage industrial sector occupies a special place in the industrial structure. In our country manpower is abundant but capital is relatively scarce.  Small scale cottage industries tend to be labour intensive. In spite of having huge potentialities, the Indian small scale industries could not progress satisfactorily as these industries are suffering from various weaknesses. The main focus of the industrial policy is creating awareness and effective utilization of incentives and subsidies. Present paper highlight on socio economic status of workers and also highlight on the problem faced by the worker in Kulbari panchayet.
Keywords: Cottage, capital, potentialities, subsidies, utilization
 
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Ahmed, A. Ali, M.j. (2006): Levels of Urbanisation in West Bengal , Geographical Review of India, 68, pp 407-416 Basu, R. Bhaduri. S. (2006): Society Development and Environment, Progressive Publisher, Kolkata, pp 155-319 Census of India (2011), Directorate of Census Department, West Bengal, Demographic Data census of India (2001) Chadna, R.C. (2018): Regional Planning and development Planning, Kalyani Publisher, New Delhi, pp 50-137 Datta, K.L.( 2014): Poverty and Development Planning in India, Concept publishing Company Pvt. LTd, New Delhi , pp 81-241 Hayami, y. Godo, Y. (2010): Development Economics, Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp 193-247 Joshi, Y.g and Verma, D.K. (1998):Social Environment for Sustainable Development, Rawat Publication, New Delhi, pp 87-207 Misra, R.P. (2002): Regional Planning, Concept Publtshing Company, New Delhi, pp 213-353 Moharka,P. (2007): In the Shadows of Unknown Crafsman of Bengal, Neogi Publishers, Delhi, pp 42-57 Ray, D. (2012): Development Economics, Oxford University Press, Delhi, pp 100-353 Reddy, P.V. (2009): Development Issuses, Rawat Publication, New Delhi, pp 69-79
VALUE ORIENTATION: A CHALLENGE BEFORE HIGHER EDUCATION IN INDIA

Sangeeta Solanki

Page No.: 12424 - 12431

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 Today education has become increasingly secularized. There is too much emphasis on academic performance and equipping the students with technical skills. Education system round the globe is designed to develop the physical intellectual aspects of human personality. Education is calculated to prepare the students for employments and ignores the reality that students also need to prepare to meet the multifarious challenges of life. 
All the speculation and speeches about the challenges in the new century have come and gone. Now trying to effectively manage 21st century organizations has become the harsh reality. Ask anyone today- management professors, practitioners, or students–what the major challengers are in today’s environment ? And the answer will be fairly consistent. So the present paper deals with the major challenges for Value orientation in higher education in india
Keywords: Values, Challenges, Value education.
 
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Allport, G.W. and Vernon, P.A. (1931), Study of values, manner of direction. Boston : Houghton Mifflin Co. (re. Ed. 1931) Kumar, M.,Tewari, K.K. and Yadav, A.K. (2009). Teacher Education Shiksak-Shiksha Shodh Patrika, 3(1) :10-11 Rao, K.S. (1995). Value crises and the need for value based education. Jr. of Edu. Res & Exten.,31 (1) : 41-50 Pandey, R.S. (2001). Principles of Education : Preface : Vinod Pustak Mandir, Agra. Verma, S.K. (2010). Teacher Education : Some Qualitative consideration, Shikshak-Shiksha Shodh Patrika, 4(01) : p. 09 Sunwani, V.K. Need for value and Education, Education Tracks, August, 2003. Sisodia, B. (2008). A comparative study of B.Ed. and MBA students Unpublished Dissertation, College of Education, Ghaziabad, p. 1
EFFECTIVENESS OF INSTRUCTIONAL PACKAGE ON HUMAN RIGHTS EDUCATION IN THE SECONDARY TEACHEREDUCATION PROGRAMME AND IT’S EFFECT ON SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

Devendra Kumar Baghel & Jagdish Prasad Indoria

Page No.: 12432 - 12434

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Abraham, J., Herbert (1973). World problems in the classroom: A teacher guide to some United Nations tasks. Paris: UNESCO. Aggarwal, J. C. (1995). Essentials of educational technology: teaching and learning innovations in education. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House. Arjun, D., & Supta, D. (1996). Human rights – a source book. New Delhi: NCERT. Bajwa, G. S. (1995). Human rights in India- implementations and violations. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. Baskara, R.D. (2007). United Nations and human rights education. New Delhi: Discovery Publishing House. Basu, D. (1994). Human rights in constitutional law. New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd.
KHRISTI DHARMATIL JEEVANSHAILY : EK TULNATMAK ABHYAS

Valavi Vishwas Gorkhnath

Page No.: 12435 - 12454

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CONSTRUCTIVISM: TOWARDS A PARADIGM SHIFT IN CLASSROOM TEACHING & LEARNING

Shazli Hasan Khan

Page No.: 12455 - 12463

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 Constructivism is a theory of Knowledge, a philosophy of learning. Its proponents include Piaget, Vygotsky and later-day philosopher Glasersfeld. The constructivist philosophy has been adopted in teaching of science by many enthusiastic pedagogues and teachers in many countries. A Constructivist pedagogy does not consists of a single teaching strategy. Instead, it has several features that should be attended to simultaneously in a classroom. It has been asserted that for a successful constructivist strategy, the teaching has not only to be student-centred and the teacher a mere facilitator, but the teacher has the added responsibility to create a conducive classroom environment. Research has established that constructive methods of science teaching have been much more successful than the traditional methods. In the present research paper the author has identified some of the most important reasons for lack of success of constructivist strategy, especially in developing countries.
Keywords: Constructivism, Classroom environment, Collaborative learning, Scaffolding, Reflecting, Peer dialogue, Science education, Technology.
 
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Dewey, J (1933). How we think: a restatement of the relation of reflective thinking to the educative process. Chicago: Henry Regnery. Etuk, E.N. et al (2011). Constructivist Instructional Strategy. In Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy, Vol 5, No. 1, 2011. Gabric, K. et al. (2006). Scientists in their own classroom: the use of type II technology in the science classroom. Computers in the schools. 22(3-4), 77. Hassard, J (1999). Students’ experience in constructivist learning environments: An inquiry into teems…….a science teacher education program. Paper presented at the 6th Nordic Research Conference on Science Education. Joensuu, Finland. Retrieved December 9, 2011, from http://www.gsu.edu.webfs01/mst/mstjr/public_htm/teemsfinland.html.
CONSTRUCTIVISM AND TEACHING STRATEGIES

Devendra Kumar Yadav

Page No.: 12464 - 12470

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 Constructivism is a theory of how the learner constructs knowledge from experience, which is unique to each individual. In the constructivist learning environment, the students should be encouraged to think and they should be helped to develop solutions way for the problems. The National Curriculum Framework (2005) advocates the constructivist approach for teaching and learning. With the help of constructivist teaching strategies a teacher can enhance academic achievement and creative thinking of students. This paper identifies various types of teaching strategies in the classroom.  
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Amineh, R. J., & Asl, H. D. (2015). Review of Constructivism and Social Constructivism. Journal of Social Science, Literature and Languages , 1 (1), 15. Barman, P., & Bhattacharya, D. (2015). effecttiveness of constructivist teaching method: an experimental study. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences And Humanities, 5 (1), 74-75. Bhattacharjee, J. (2015). Constructivist Approach to Learning– An Effective Approach of Teaching Learning. International Research Journal of Interdisciplinary & Multidisciplinary Studies (IRJIMS), Volume-I, Issue VI. Bybee, R.W., Taylor, J.A., Gardner, A., Scotter, P. V., Powell, J. C., Westbrook, A, and Landes, N. (2006). The BSCS 5E Instructional Model: Origins, Effectiveness, and Applications. Colorado: BSCS. Campbell, R. (1997). Jean Piaget's Genetic Epistemology: Appreciation and Critique. This is a revised version of two lectures presented at the Institute of Objectivist Studies Summer Seminar, Charlottesville, VA, July 7 and 8, 1997. Retrieved from: http://hubcap.clemson.edu/%7Ecampber/piaget.html Dewey, J. (1961). John Dewey on education (selected writings). London: Macmillan Publishers.
CLOUD COMPUTING; NEW AGE OF TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION: A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY

Syed Shamshuddin Muzzammil

Page No.: 12465 - 12478

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 Cloud computing is the development of parallel computing, distributed computing, grid computing and virtualization technologies that define the shape of a new era. Cloud computing is an emerging model of business computing. Cloud computing has formed the conceptual and infrastructural basis for tomorrow is computing. The global computing infrastructure is rapidly moving towards cloud-based architecture. While it is important to take advantages of could based computing by means of deploying it in diversified sectors, the security aspects in a cloud based computing environment remains at the core of interest. Cloud based services and service providers are being evolved which has resulted in a new business trend based on cloud technology. With the introduction of numerous clouds based services and geographically dispersed cloud service providers, sensitive information of different entities are normally stored in remote servers and locations with the possibilities of being exposed to unwanted parties in situations where the cloud servers storing those information are compromised. If security is not robust and consistent, the flexibility and advantages that cloud computing has to offer will have little credibility. Technology innovation and its adoption are two critical successful factors for any business/organization. Cloud computing is a recent technology paradigm that enables organizations or individuals to share various services in a seamless and cost-effective manner. This paper describes cloud computing, a computing platform for the next generation of the Internet. The paper defines clouds, types of cloud Provides, Comparison of Cloud Computing with Grid Computing, applications and concerns of Cloud Computing , Concept of Virtualization in Cloud Computing.
Keywords: Cloud Computing, New Age, Technology Innovation, and Comprehensive Study
 
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Galen Grumman and Eric Knorr. What cloud computing really means. InfoWorld, April 2008. Electronic Magazine, available at http://www.infoworld.com/article/08/04/07/15FE-cloud-computing-reality 1.html. Cloud Computing and Grid Computing 360-Degree Compared by Ian Foster, Yong Zhao, Ioan Raicu, Shiyong Lu. (IEEE Conference, Date of Conference: 12-16 Nov. 2008) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtualization http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/understanding-it-governance-in- cloud-computing.html Atayero, A.A. and Feyisetan, O. (2011). Security Issues in Cloud Computing: The Potentials of Homomorphic Encryption. Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences, 2(10), 546-552. Buyya, R., Yeo, C.S., Venugopal, S., Broberg, J. and Brandic, I. (2009). Cloud computing and emerging IT platforms: Vision, hype, and reality for delivering computing as the 5th utility. FutureGeneration Computer Systems, 25, 599–616.
PRODUCTION OF SPACE MEDIATION IN NARRATIVE LOCATION OF PROTAGONIST: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY

K Pradeep

Page No.: 12479 - 12491

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 Narrative film location acclaimed one of the very important spatial production in society. These spatial production is happened within the narrative elements and character in films which influence the very prominent phenomena in narrative cinematic discourse. Indian and other country filmmakersustains different kind of the spatial mediation and spatial location in the narrative discourse. To understanding the spatial mediation and the spatial production is not easy, it require specific and pertinent methodology need to map the complexity in the social production through cinema.Critical Discourse Analysis is commonly used for the understanding of power and ideological discourses in the research domain. The study will pose the new perspective of using CDA in the film narrative location, this study  adopt the qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis of three south Indian Films.
Keywords: Narrative Film, Spatial Production, CDA, Methodology
 
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Aich, P. (2009). The Construction and (Re) Presentation of Indian Women in Recent Mainstream Western Cinema, (Doctoral dissertation, Washington State University).Retrived from: http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/ Amirian. R., Rahimi, A., & Sami, G. (2012). A critical discourse analysis of the images of iranians in western movies: the case of iranium. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature. 1(5), 1-13. Culleton, P. (2011). Analysis of Meaning Image Porn Studies Discourse Since 1989, (M.A Thesis , Concordia University). Dijk, V. T. (1987). Communicating racis: ethnic prejudice in thought and talk.London: Sage Publication. Dijk,V. (1987).Communicating racis: ethnic prejudice in thought and talk. London: Sage Publication. Dijk.V., T.(Ed.). (2001). ‘Multidisciplinary CDA: a please for diversity”. Austria: Drava Verlag. Eaton. E., Selt. T, B. (2007). Liminal space- in between visible and invisible.United States: Evolutionary Girl. Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourse. London: Edword Arnold. Fairclough, N. (1995). Critical discourse analysis: the critical study of language. New York, Longman.
VIBHINNA PRAKAR KE VIDHYALAYON KE SHAIKSHIK VATAVARAN KA VIDHYARTHIYON KE SHAIKSHIK UPLABDHI ABHIPRERANA PAR PRABHAV KA ADHYAYAN

Neetu Gautam

Page No.: 12492 - 12497

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SHIKSHAN ADHIGAM PRAKRIYA ME SHIKSHKON EANV VIDHYARTHIYON KE PARSPARIK KAKSHAGAT VYAVHARON KA ADHYAYAN

Virendra Kumar

Page No.: 12498 - 12511

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STUDY ON ACTIVITY BASED COSTING AND ITS BENEFIT, COST AND IMPLEMENTATION: AN INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Mr. Krushnavadan R. Parmar

Page No.: 12512 - 12519

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 This research paper discuss how the importance of adopting activity-based costing for the company in order to carry out its business strategy. One objective is to implement activity based costing cost efficiency by cutting costs incurred for non-value added activity. But the phenomenon shows that there are still many companies / organizations are not interested in adopting the activity based costing. Many companies do not gain a competitive advantage from the increased cost systems because they rely on information from the system cost that is designed for simple technology when the competition was local and not global, and the company produces standard products and services as well as the speed, quality and performance is less important for success. Use of this system manager does not have the information   that   is   timely   and   relevant   to   guide   the improvement activities that they do, and they do not have valid and accurate information     to make their strategic decisions about processes, products, services and customers. This article also outlines the advantages and limitations in adopting activity based costing for the company.
Keyword: activity-based costing, costing system, traditional costing
 
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Briers, W.K., M.E. Doherty, et al. (1989). “Data Fixation and The Use of Traditional versus Activity-Based Costing Systems” ABACUS Vol. 33 (No. 1): p.1-20 Bruns, W.J. and S.M. McKinnon (1993). “Information and Managers: A Field Study.” Journal of Management Accounting Research Fall: p.84-108. Cooper, R. and R. S. Kaplan (1992). "Activity-Based Systems: Measuring the Costs of Resource Usage." Accounting Horizons September. Garrison, Ray H. (1991). Managerial Accounting. 6th Edition. Richard D. Irwin. Hicks, Douglas T. (1992). ABC for Small and Mid Size Business: An Accounting Guide. 1st Edition. Canada: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoque, Zahirul (2004). "Strategic Management Accounting: Concepts, Processes, and Issues" Second Edition. London: Spiro Press. Kaplan, R.S., Cooper, R (1998). Cost & Effect: Using Integrated Cost System to Drive Profitability and Performance, Harvard Business School
THE CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF THE CURRICULUM OPERATIONAL BASED ON THE MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES THEORYAND IT’S IMPLEMENTATION IN PANCA SETYA 2 ELEMENTARY SCHOOL SINTANG KALIMANTAN BARAT INDONESIA

Adriana Gandasari, Ishak Abdulhak, Asari Djohar & Dinn Wahyudin

Page No.: 12520 - 12544

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 Since 2013, Indonesia has used the 2013 curriculum as a national curriculum by carrying out a scientific approach in the learning process that prioritizes the possession of qualified scientific abilities. But until now, there are still indications that this scientific ability has not been able to increase optimally.The qualitative descriptive study in this article aims to provide a recommendation about the conceptual framework of the Operational Curriculum based on the Multiple Intelligences Theory to improve students\\\' scientific abilities. The study was conducted on 20 teachers and 374 students from grade 1 to grade 6 at Panca Setya 2 Elementary School Sintang, West Borneo, Indonesia. The results showed that: 1) the application of an operational curriculum based on the multiple intelligences theory is shown by a) the average score of teacher activity is 82.25% with very good criteria, b) the average score of the implementation of scientific learning activities of students is 75.33% with very good criteria, c) the average score of scientific learning activities facilitated by the operational curriculum based on the multiple intelligences theory is 75.70% with very good criteria; 2) the effectiveness of the used of the operational curriculum based on the multiple intelligences theory is shown by a) the value of the learning outcomes criteria set is 75, b) the average value of student learning outcomes is 82.70 c) the operational curriculum based on multiple theories is said to be effective because the average value of student learning outcomes is above the learning outcomes criteria set by the school; 3) improvement of students\\\' scientific abilities indicated by a) the average score of students\\\' scientific self-assessment is 66.92% with good criteria, b) the average score of students\\\' scientific activities is 76.27% with very good criteria; c) operational curriculum with multiple intelligences theory approach can improve students\\\' scientific abilities because the average score of students\\\' scientific activities is higher than the average score of students\\\' scientific self-assessment.
Keywords: operational curriculum, multiple intelligences theory, scientific abilities
 
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Chen (2015). Investigating the Factors that Influence Chemistry Teachers’ Use of Curriculum Materials: The Case of China Science Education International. Vol. 26, Issue 2, 195-216. Ennis (1986). Conceptual Frameworks as a foundation for the study of Operational Curriculum. Journal of curriculum and supervision Vol. 2, No, 1 25-35. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic Books, New York. Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligences Reframed: Multiple Intelligences for the 21st Century. Basic Books, New York. Oliva, F. P., & Gordon. (2013). Developing the Curriculum.: Pearson Education, Inc., New Jersey. Ornstein, A. C., & Hunkins, F. P. (2009). Curriculum: Foundations, principles, and issues. Pearson Education Inc., Boston. Print, M. (1993). Curriculum Development and Design. Allen&Unwin, Sydney. Schubert, W. (1986). Curriculum: Perspective, Paradigm, and Possibility. Macmillan Publisher, New York. Taba, H. (1962). Curriculum Development: Theory and Practice. Harcourt, Brace, & World, New York. Zais, S. Robert. (1976), Curriculum Principles and Foundation. Harper & Row Publisher Inc., New York.
PRESENT STATUS OF DOWNTRODDEN IN INDIA

Rajni Bala & Alisha Gill

Page No.: 12545 - 12556

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 “Downtrodden” (Oppressed) is the name which the people belonging to those castesat the very bottom of India’s caste hierarchy have given themselves. One of the more confusing mysteries of India is her caste system. The caste system, which exists already for more than 3000 years, seems to have been developed by the Brahmins (priests) in order to maintain their superiority.The Downtrodden perform the most menial and degrading jobs.India is a secular nation but only in documents. We are still the slaves of the caste system which shows the worst condition of India. Undoubtedly India is the developing nation at the international level. But that growth is only in papers, but the reality is we are still suffering from the worst condition which includes castesim, unemployment, worst condition of women, unawareness.
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Dawn [Karachi]. 15 April 1999. "India's 'Untouchables' Live in Sub-Human Conditions: HR Group." Human Rights Watch (HRW). April 1999a. Violence Against "Untouchables" Growing, Says Report. April 1999b. State, Central Authorities in India "Criminally Negligent." National Campaign on Downtrodden Human Rights. n.d.Who Are Downtrodden Atrocities in Downtrodden' Daily Life. Amnesty International Report 1998. 1998. Downtrodden Christians of India Website.
THE HINDU CODE BILL AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Rajni Bala & Alisha Gill

Page No.: 12557 - 12571

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 Dr. Ambedkar was one of the greatest personality of 20th century, born in India. He was determined fighter and a deep scholar who made significant efforts to lead the society on the path of liberty, equality, and fraternity. He was the first Indian to break down the barriers in the way of advancement of women in India. His life was a great saga of suffering, sacrifice, and struggle. His life was a great struggle for the welfare of backward people of the society. He was a great thinker of women and their rights. Being a pioneer of social justice, he always worked for the women emancipation. So Dr.B.R Ambedkar introduced the revolutionary measure in the constituent assembly in 1950’s i.e The Hindu Code Bill. The principal aim of the bill was to broaden the freedom of the individual and the equality of men and women. The bill mainly covered right to property, the order of succession to the property and maintenance, marriage, divorce, adoption, minority, and guardianship. The tenets of the bill were in harmony with the constitutional philosophy of men and women. Ambedkar\'s principal aim was to build up a society based on social justice. He also tried an adequate inclusion of women\'s right in the political vocabulary and constitution of India.
Keywords:----Dr. B.R Ambedkar, Hindu code bill, India, social justice, equality, relevance, women rights.
 
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Ahir, D.C. (1990). The Legacy of Ambedkar, Delhi. Ambedkar, B.R. (1987). Women and Counter Revoluation. Riddles of Hindu Women in Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar: Writings and Speech, Vo. 3, Department of Education. Paul, C. (1993). Ambedkar : Budhika Vikasobhathinte Agnijwala, Dalit Books, Thiruballa. Pandey, J.N. Constitutional Law of India.
SEVAPURV CHATRA ADHYAPAKON KI KAUSHAL VIKAS KARYAKRAMO KE PRATI ABHIVRUTTI KA ADHYAYAN

Kesar Singh

Page No.: 12572 - 12584

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INTERROGATING THE CAPTIVE MIND: ADDICTION OF THINKING

Prakash B. Salavi

Page No.: 12585 - 12590

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 The addiction of imagination can never help to solve the problem of life. Because there is very long distance between image and real existence of things, we should have understood this.  The image of things in the mirror and the real existence of things are very different. Thinking without imagination, thinking with the support of reality, thinking without any type of pressure is most important in empting the mind from this addictive imagination. Once one is able to empty the mind from this transcendent imagination, once we are able to get an “empty mind” then one can become free. Freedom is itself freedom and cannot be related to dependency. A unique idea of freedom thus emerges. Here we recall Gandhi: There is no way to peace, peace is the way. Thus we say: The dependent life has been counted as captive. This dependency will make us captive. Any kind of dependency makes one captive. In order to thus create a treatise of political freedom, it is necessary to construct a treatise on the free mind. Therefore, the most important point is we should have try to free ourselves from everything, which is gathered by us unnecessarily in our memory. One can most certainly free oneself from the mundane world, but to free oneself from the burdens of the mundane and reified mind is something that must be highlighted. One should thus be detached from everything in the world that we have accumulated. If we must detach ourselves from the accumulation of capital, so too one must detach oneself from the accumulation of thoughts.  So we need to reflect on how one frees oneself from our very thoughts and ideas.
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INFLUENCE OF TYPES OF SCHOOLS AND EFFORTFUL CONTROL ON PROBLEM SOLVING ABILITY OF SCHOOL STUDENTS

Sawinder Arora

Page No.: 12585 - 12589

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 One  of  the  indicators  of  intelligent   behavior  is  the  ability  to  solve problem.  A student is  expected to  have  adequate problem  solving ability  that   will  help  them   in  solving  academic  and   non-academic problems.  Therefore,  various  efforts  need   to  be  done   to  improve problem solving ability in students. The present study was an effort  to study the  influence of  types of  institutions and  effortful  control   on problem solving ability of secondary school students. It was a survey work. The sample was selected from  VIIIth, IXth  and  Xth class students of  government  and   private   schools  of  Jalandhar  and   Kapurthala districts by using cluster random sampling technique. Tools used for data collection were  Problem Solving Ability Test by Kaufman (1954) and  King  (1991),  and  Effortful  Control  Scale   by  Lonigan   &  Phillips (2001).   The   collected  data  were   analysed  and   the   results  were interpreted. A problem can  be  defined as a  block  or obstacle that  one  cannot overcome with exiting   habits  and   practices.  Woolfolk  (2004)   pointed  out   that   problem  is  any situation in which you are trying to reach some goal and must find a means to do so. In  day-to-day  life we face  many  problems  with no readymade solution.  The aim  of our   schools  is  to   make   our   students  efficient  in  solving  problems.  National Curriculum  Framework (2005)  emphasised that  the  development  of life skills  such as critical  thinking  skills,  interpersonal  communication  skills,  negotiation/refusal skills,  decision  making/  problem-solving  skills,  and  coping   and  self-management skills is very critical  for dealing  with the  demands and  challenges of everyday  life. Kennedy   (1980)   argued  that   problem  solving  is  related  to  individuals’  previous knowledge and experiences. So, learning  problem solving skills in the schools can be beneficial in solving problems. However, government and  private  schools in India differ  with  respect to  many  factors like socio-economic background of  students, qualification of teachers, salary structure of teacher, and  medium of learning.  Thus, the type of schools can  have different influence on the problem solving ability of the students. It may  be  beneficial to  study the  influence of  types of  schools on  the problem solving ability of the students. Moreover, the study also focused on investigating the relationship between effortful  control  and problem solving ability of student. As effortful  control  include  attentional control  processes, the  inhibition  of prepotent behaviors in response to instructions or social demands, and the capacity to  perform an  action when  there  is a  strong tendency to  avoid  it (Rueda, 2015), studying problem solving ability in relation  to effortful  control  of the students can  be useful. Thus, it was thought to study the  influence of types of schools and  effortful control  on problem solving ability of secondary school students
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ASLAN, E. A. (2002). Yarat?c? problem çözme. ?çn. Örgütte kisisel geli?im [Creative problem solving. In personal development at organization] Esra A. Aslan (Ed.) Ankara: Nobel Yay?nlar?. Kaufman, G.L. (1954). The book of modern puzzles (2nd Ed.). New York: Dover Publication, Inc. Kennedy, L. M. V. (1980). Educational psychology: In theory and practice. New York: Random House King, A. (1991). Effects of training in strategic questioning on children's problem- solving performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(3), 307-317 Lonigan, C.J., & Phillips, B.M. (2001). Temperamental influences on the development of anxiety disorders. In M.W. Vasey & M.R. Dadds (Eds.), The development psychopathology of anxiety (pp.60-91). New York: Oxford University Company. National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (NCTM). (2000). Principles and standards for school mathematics. Reston, VA. National Curriculum Framework. (2005). National curriculum framework. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONSTRUCTIVE CLASSROOM TEACHING PROGRAM ON SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDE AND SCIENTIFIC INTEREST OF STUDENTS

Kailas Sahebrao Daundkar

Page No.: 12585 - 12590

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 Science has brought about revolutionary changes in every walk of life. Its impact is our universe which is so beautiful with different culture, children is one of part beauty so experiencing suchbeauty constructive learning is useful to understood the various concepts of science subject easily. An attempt is being made to find the effectiveness of constructive classroom teaching program on scientific attitude and scientific interest of 10th standard students. The objective of the research to develop constructive classroom teaching program and find its effectiveness on scientific attitude and scientific interest. Multi-method research was adopted, by using survey method, researcher assess the scientific attitude and scientific interest of students with help of Test of Scientific attitude scale by Dr. Dharmashila Malviya and Test of Scientific Interest tests by Dr. L. N. Dubey & Archana Dubey. Researcher developed constructive classroom teaching program for Science subject of 10th standard student. Researcher used Quasi Experimental method with non-equivalent control group design and conducted posttest. Data analyzed using t test after normality test were conducting using SPSS program.so study concluded that researcher developed constructive classroom teaching program is useful to improve the scientific attitude and scientific interest of students very easily.
Keywords: Constructive classroom teaching, scientific attitude, scientific interest.
 
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Best J. W., & Kahn J. V. (2012). Research in Education (10th ed.). New Delhi; PHI Learning Private LTD. Bruce J., Marsha W., & Emily C. (2011). Models of Teaching (8th ed.). New Delhi; PHI Learning Private ltd. Chellamani, K., & Nair, S. (June 2012). Integration of Constructivism with digital Port folio, Edutracks, vol.12, No. 1. Khan, S. H. (Sep 2014). Constructivism: An innovative teaching Method in Science, Edutracks, vol.14, No. 12. Mangal, S.K., & Mangal U. (2010). Learner, Learning and Cognition, Ludhiyana; Tondon publication. Nanda, V.K. (1998). Modern Techniques of Teaching, vol. 4, New Delhi; Anmol Publication Private Ltd. Naorem, J. (June 2013). Growth And Genesis of Constructivism: Constructivist And Their Contribution, Edutracks,vol.12, No. 4. Sharma S. (Eds) Constructivist Approches to teaching learning handbook for teachers of secondary stage, New Delhi; NCERT. Selvam, P. (2014). Teaching- Learning Paradigmas, New Delhi; Random publication. Vygotsky, L. (1999). Eucational Psychology, New Delhi; st. Lucie Press. Wendy, B., & Stephen, B. (2008). 100 Ideas for teaching Creative Development, London; M.P.G. Books Ltd.
FACTORS INFLUENCING FOR DROPING SCHOOL AMONG TRIBAL STUDENTS

Firdous Jahan

Page No.: 12591 - 12598

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 The continuous rising of the new technology, the method of dealings has been evolved from typical teacher- focused to interactive technological primarily based one. The present study examines to seek out out the influencing issue for college dropout in social group dropout students. the scale of sample is seventy dropout students hand-picked through sampling technique. The investigator developed a rating scale, “Influencing Factors for college Dropout among social group space (IFSDT)” that contains of forty one statements with Likert four purpose rating scale. The ratings area unit powerfully agree, agree, disagree, and powerfully disagree. The entire statements area unit positive item. All the statements were scored four, 3, 2 and 1. The applied math techniques accustomed analyze the information during this study area unit Mean, variance,‘t’-test, multivariate analysis and Correlation of co-efficient. The salient findings of the study area unit
i) The mean score of social group dropout students towards the extent of influencing issue for college dropout is high. 
ii) ii) Among the social group dropout students the economical issue is that the major cause and therefore the environmental issue is that the least cause for college dropouts’ rate. 
Keywords: Factors, Influencing, Drop outs and social group Students. 
 
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Geetanjali Dutta. (2012). Education of Tribal Women in India: Opportunities and Challenges For International Conference on: ‘Inclusive and ustainable Growth Role of Industries, Government and Civil Societies’, 4-6 Oct , Organized by IMT & BAIF. Govindaraju.,Venkatesan. S. (2010).A Study on School Drop-outs in Rural Settings. Journal of Psychology, 1 (1): 47-53. Mirunalini, M. (2015. Influencing factor for school dropout among rural dropout students. Journal of Research , Extension and development, 3(7), 58-60. Murali Vallapureddy. (2012).Educational Facilities and School Dropout in Tribal Area: A District Level Analysis in Andhra Pradesh International Journal of Contemporary Business Studies, 3(11). NidhiKotwal. Neelima & SheetalRani., (2007). Causes of School Dropouts among Tribal Girls in Kathua District. Journal of Human Ecology, 22(1): 57-59. Rupon Basumatary. (2012). School Dropout across Indian States and UTs: An Econometric Study.International Research Journal of Social Science,1(4), 28-35. Sunita Chugh. (2011). Dropout in Secondary Education: A Study of Children Living in Slums of Delhi, National University of Educational Planning and Administration. Uma Rani. R. (2011). Reasons for rising school dropout rates of rural girls in india - An analysis using soft computing approach. International Journal of Current Research, 3( 9), 140-143.
EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RELATION TO THEIR PERCEIVED PARENTAL ENCOURAGEMENT

Chetna Sharma

Page No.: 12599 - 12608

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 The chief force behind an educational aspiration is parents, who are considered the primary source for shaping the interests of the child. In the very beginning of childhood the child starts learning from his home by taking inspiration from parents.  Then comes the Teachers and the friends who also play a prominent role in influencing his level of aspiration. Parental encouragement is the particular behavior or boost shown by the parents at a particular time. It helps him in achieving his target. The present study was conducted on a sample of 500 adolescent to investigate the relation between Educational aspiration and Perceived Parental Encouragement. Two standardized tools Educational Aspiration Scale developed by the Investigator and Parental Encouragement Scale by Aggarwal (2010) were employed to collect the data. 
Keywords- Educational aspiration, Perceived Parental Encouragement, Male, Female, Government, Private.
 
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Aremu,O.A.,Tella,A.,& Tella, A. (2006). Relationship among Emotional Intelligence, Parental Involvement and Academic Achievement of Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Nigeria. Retrieved from www.usca.edu. Baker, A. R., & Mohammad, S. (2004). Academic performance, educational and occupational aspirations of technical secondary school students. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 12 (1), 31-43. Bhanu ,V.L.(2006). Aspirations of rural youth and their attitude towards rural development activities in Dharwad district of Karnataka state. (Doctoral thesis). Karnataka University. Bisrell,S.(1977). An analysis of the inter-relationships among achievement motivation, athletic participation, academic achievement and educational aspirations. Journal Sports Psychology, 8(3), 191.
A STUDY OF THE DIFFICULTIES FACED BY BENGALI SPEAKING STUDENTS IN LEARNING ENGLISH

Tandra Bandyopadhyay

Page No.: 12609 - 12616

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Abbot, G. (1991). Teaching of English as an International Language. U.K. Albert, M.L. &Obler, L.K. 1978, The Bilingual Brain: Neuropsychological and Neurolinguistic Aspects of Bilingualism, Academic press, New York. Aronoff, M., &, Rees-Miller, J. (2007). The handbook of linguistics. Oxford: Blackwell. Atkinson, D. (1987). "The mother tongue in the classroom: a neglected resource?" ELT Journal 41(4) Best, J. W. & Kahn, J.V. (1996). Research in Education (7th Ed.) New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India. Brown, H.D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching (4th ed.). San Francisco: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc. Buch, M.B. (1983-1988) Fourth Survey of Research in Education Vol. I Buch, M.B. (1988-1992) Fifth Survey of Research in Education Vol. I & II Chestain, K. (1988).3RD Ed. Developing second language skills. Theory and practice. Virginia: Virginia University Press. Kannan, R. (2009). Difficulties in learning English as a second language. Retrieved from http://www.esp.world.info Kleisar, G. (2005). Common errors in English. New Delhi: APH Publishing Corporation. Stanley, K. (2002). "Using the first language in second language instruction - electronic forum." TESLEJ 5(4). www.bbc.co.uk/learningenglish www.britishcouncil.org/languageassistant www.cctv.com/english www.english.ox.ac.uk www.learnenglish.org.uk
CREATING GLOBALLY AWARE AND CULTURALLY SENSITIVE TEACHERS

Chitte H. D.

Page No.: 12617 - 12623

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 The teachers see cultural competence as both a moral and ethical responsibility to create a welcoming environment for students to succeed. The impact of having educators who have the ability to challenge and motivate diverse student populations can dramatically improve our educational system and student outcomes. The first teacher is mother. She plays the biggest role. In our culture ,the most important word is SANSKAR. Loosely translated it means the rules a family lives by.They are propogated by example and not by teaching.
Having said that it doesn\'t mean that nothing can be done. A teacher , especially primary teacher ,plays a very important role in her students life. They look up to her as a God like figure whose word is final. I still remember going to sleep at 8 as decried by my teacher in class 1 and being highly uncomfortable n making my parents uncomfortable too if not able to do so!
A teacher can inculcate the right values of respecting ones parents and as a result ones culture and tradition as taught by them.
Keywords:- Multiculturalism, confrontational, responsiveness
 
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PANDIT DINDAYAL UPADHYAY : RASTRAVAD AUR BHARTIYA RAJNITI

Anju Yadav

Page No.: 12624 - 12628

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BHARTIYA KRUSHI – ARTHVYAVASTHA KE UTHAN MAIN SHETRIYA GRAMIN BANKO KI VITIY BHUMIKA (U.PR. KE JANPAD FIROZABAD KE VISHESH SANDHARBH MAIN)

Riya Yadav

Page No.: 12629 - 12632

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PRADHANMANTRI KAUSHLYA VIKAS YOJANA KE BEROJGARI UNMOOL KE PRATI ABHIMAT : JANPAD FIROZABAD KE SANDERBH MAIN

Yogesh Yadav

Page No.: 12634 - 12637

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GLORY OF ARCHITECTURE DURING MUGHAL PERIOD

Y N Tripathi & Sudeepmala

Page No.: 12638 - 12641

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 The medieval past matters deeply in modern India. The most prominent people, dynasties, and historical incidents from this period are common subjects of public discussion even today. This investment in the past is generally healthy for Indian society as people robustly debate how to best interpret their history and its possible lessons and meanings for the present. But there is an ugly side to modern India’s attraction to its younger self. History, especially during the medieval period of so-called Islamic rule, is often flattened and rewritten in modern India until it bears only the faintest resemblance to any reality of what actually happened. Moreover, the battle over India’s past increasingly begins and ends in the present. The truth of any given historical narrative is irrelevant to many, and medieval history is often brazenly altered to reflect modern day political agendas, some of them profoundly troubling. The battle concerning India’s Islamic past frequently revolves around the Mughal Empire, the most well-known and certainly the most powerful of precolonial India’s many Islamic polities. The last Mughal ruler died well over a century ago, and the Mughals had ceased to exercise substantial political power by the mid-eighteenth century. However, as the Mughals recede further into the past, their valence in debates over India’s future is conversely growing. The recent renaming of Aurangzeb Road in Delhi reminds us all of a modern reality: Mughal history and interpretations thereof matter in today’s world. Huge gates, forts, mausoleums, mosques, palaces, public buildings and tombs were the main structures during Mughal period. The specimens of medivial architecture created, have become the common heritage of both the Hindus and the Muslims. Costly decorated buildings with gems and articles is one of the important distinguishing features of the Mughal architecture. The buildings were constructed mostly of red sandstone and white marble.
Key Words: Architectural lag, Medieval Period, World Heritage, Golden Period.
 
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Karls and Philip. “The Penguin guide to the monuments of India”, Vol II. London: Viking, 1989. Christopher S. “The History of Architecture in India”. London: Phaidon Press, 1990. Dutta, Arindam (29 March 2010). "Representing Calcutta: Modernity, Nationalism and the Colonial Uncanny". Journal of Architectural Education. 63 (2): 167–169.
WASTE NOTHING - A CIRCULAR ECONOMY PERCEPECTIVE

B. K. Sharma & Tanu Gupta

Page No.: 12642 - 12645

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 It is an emergency sign which we have seen now a days, not only in dessert but now most of the Indian cities are about to dry with underground water. It is big matter of concern. On one hand we say that there is no more fresh water in underground  and on other hand we discuss about a lots of floods tsunamies etc. the reason behind it is that, we have no proper plan  for recycling of used water and surface water. Until we will not use to recycling of available resources, One day we will have to lose them. In this article we are trying to explain the cheap and best methods of recycling.
Key Words: Economy Perspective, Water cycle, Hydrogen Cycle, Recycling, Groundwater Surveillance
 
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A Report on the Water Quality Monitoring by Defense Laboratory, Jodhpur (1995) Hem J.D., U.S. Geol. Surv. Water supply paper 1473 (1970), 363 Stumm W. and Morgan J.J., Aquatic Chemistry John Wiley & Sons, New York,(1970) 583 “GROUND WATER” by Freeze Allan R. and Cherry John A., Prentice –Hall Inc., Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey. (1979) 4-5)( 82-85 ) USGS Science for a changing word. https://www.thoughtco.com https://blog.nationalgeographic.org/2014/03/19/the-urban-water-cycle-sustaining-our-modern-cities/
IMAGERY OF CHILDHOOD IN THE POETRY OF FRANCIS THOMPSON

Raman Kumar

Page No.: 12646 - 12651

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 Francis Thompson was a gifted poet. He was led by circumstances to live life of vagaries in his early age. His power of words was so strong that he got time and revived his poetic energy to fulfill his promise. Thompson had peculiar interest in the innocent activities of the children. He conceived blessings of God on childhood. Thompson’s fondness for childhood is self evident as he wishes to be remembered as a child forever. The glory of childhood was packed in similies and metaphors. In his poem “Making of Viola” he conceives of childhood in multiple images and appearances. In his poem “Hound of Heaven” the poet recalls his childbood as the period of charm and happiness amidst his tortured self while roaming wayward. His childhood imagery attracts the attention of all literary scholars.  Keywords: Innocence, Blessings, Spiritual, Penury, Fraternity, Concern, Beauty, Love etc.
 
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Meynell, Everard. “Communion and Excommunion.” The Life of Francis Thompson, E text prepared by Emmy and Conlon Peter, The Project Gutenberg eBook, eBook # 45106, 2014, http://www.pgdp.net Thompson, Francis. The Collected Poetry of Francis Thompson, Edinburg University Press, 2013 (All quotes from this book have been referred as Thompson CP with page number). --------- “Making of Viola.” The Collected Poetry of Francis Thompson, Edinburg University Press, 2013. --------- “Sister Songs.” The Collected Poetry of Francis Thompson, Edinburg University Press, 2013. --------- “The Hound of Heaven.” The Collected Poetry of Francis Thompson, Edinburg University Press, 2013. --------- “To My God Child.” The Collected Poetry of Francis Thompson, Edinburg University Press, 2013.
KANYA BHRUN HATYA HETU 'PRERAK'TATHA UTTARIDAYI KARAK

Aradhana Sinh

Page No.: 12652 - 12655

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MAHILA UPTIDAN EANV UTTARDAYI SAMAJIK KARAK (M. P. KE JANAPAD MURAINA KE VISHESH SANDARBH ME)

Bhanu Goyal

Page No.: 12656 - 12663

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CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF SHALLOT SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANTIOXIDANT STATUS

Kaushal Kishor Singh

Page No.: 12664 - 12669

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 The major cause of chronic oxidative stress in humans is exposure to free radicals in cigarette smoke. Cigarette smoke free radicals are considered an important cause of atherosclerosis and cancer (Pryor, 1997; Pittilo, 2000). Thiols are powerful reducing agents that are capable of acting as antioxidants in vivo. Thiols exist in three forms: freethiol and two types of disulfides, namely, homodisulfides and heterodisulfides. Several aminothiols, e.g., cysteine, homocysteine (Hcy), and GSH, and disulfides (e.g., cystine, homocystine, and oxidized glutathione), interact by means of redox and disulfideexchange (Iciek et al., 2004). This dynamic system (with respect to thiol status) is important for normal physiologic function (Morris, 2002). Changes in the redox thiol status lead to the induction of oxidative stress and apoptosis. As both an intracellular and extracellular redox buffer, t-SH plays important roles in the in vivo prevention of atherosclerosis (Ueland et al., 1996). t-SH plays a prominent role in antioxidant reactions, and in catalysis, regulation, and electron-transport reactions, and in reactions that preserve the correct structure of proteins. Mixed disulfides with proteins are formed by reaction of S-thiolation, in which protein thiols conjugate with non-protein thiols (Klatt and Lamas, 2000). This process plays a regulatory and an antioxidant role, since it protects protein −SH groups against irreversible oxidation from −SO2H and −SO3H; moreover, it participates in signal transduction (Padgett and Whorton, 1998). GSH is the most important endogenous antioxidant in humans. It is often accompanying by other endogenous thiols, such as cysteine, cysteinylglycine and even Hcy (in low concentration). These thiols scavenge ROS and are involved in preserving the pro oxidant – antioxidant balance in human tissues. Thai shallot protects human erythrocytes from possible damage from external or internal radicals such as H2O2 or peroxyl radical such as 2,2’-Azobis (2- amidino-propane) dihydrochloride. They reported that thai shallot is able to inhibit lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion in erythrocytes and suggested that the Thai shallotextracts have protective effect on the GSH deterioration in vitro from protein hydroperoxide (PrOOH) or hydroxyl radical from gamma irradiation. Thai shallot extracts can also protect and scavenge the protein and lipid hydroperoxide (LOOH) formation in vitro study.
Key Words: Antioxidant, Oxidative stress, Free radicals, In vitro.
 
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Ansari P (2012). "The effect of ginger on diabetic nephropathy, plasma antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in rats." Food Chemistry 101(1): 148153. Jadon D (2011). "Antibacterial activity of Allium cepa (Onions) and Zingiber officinale (Ginger) on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from high vaginal swab." The Internet Journal of Tropical Medicine 3(2): 110-115. Bhatt M (2011). "Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 957(1): 210-229. Gaffar A (2010). "Flavonoid, hesperidine, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities from Citrus species." African Journal of Biotechnology 9(3): 326-330. Jayaprakasha C (2010). "Antioxidant activity of grape seed (Vitis vinifera) extracts on peroxidation models in vitro." Food Chemistry 73(3): 285290.
SHRILANKETIL BUDDHA DHAMMACHA UDAY : EK ABHYAS

Dhananjay Baburao Lokhande

Page No.: 12670 - 12677

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ELECTROMETRIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF TERNARY COMPLEXES OF SOME TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH PYRIDINE-2, 6-DICARBOXYLIC ACID AND FURAN-2-CARBOXYLIC ACID

Bhoopendra Singh

Page No.: 12670 - 12676

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 Mixed ligand complexes of some transition metals CuII, NiII, CoII and ZnII have been investigated potentiometrically Pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid and Furan-2-Carboxylic acid in aqueous solution at 298.15 k and 313 point 15 k. The ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 was kept constant using KNO3. The stability constant of these 1:1:1 ternary complexes have been evaluated by the computational methods. The relative order of stability has been observed in accordance with the increasing ф= charge/radius ratio. The charges in the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0) have also been calculated under the same conditions.
Keywords: Furan-2-Carboxylic acid (FCA), Pyridine-2, 6-dicarboxylic acid (PDA) Potentiometrically, Thermodynamic Parameters.
 
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D.R. Willians, Chem. Rev., 72, 203 (1972). R.D. Chillard, Inorg. Chem. Acta. Rev., 69 (1967). S.P. Mittal, S.K. Sharma, R.Y. Singh and J.P. Tondon, Curr. Sci., 52, 483 (1981). N.B. Das, A. Nayak, B.B. Mahaputra and A.K. Mittra, J.Ind. Chem. Soc., 58, 337 (1981). D.S. Rao and M.C. Gamarkar, J.Ind. Chem. Soc., 58, 217 (1981). G. Schwiz, Z. Allg. Pathol. U. Bacteriol., 14, 338 (1951). R.E. Freney, Arch. Bio Chem., Bio Phys., 34, 156 (1951). S.N. Limaye and M.C. Saxena. J. Indian Chem. Soc., 27, 823, (1980). P. Amico, R.P. Bonomo, R. Coli, V. Cucinotta, P.G. Daniele, G. Osta Cole and E. Rizzarelli, Inorg. Chem., 8, 3555 (1989). Y. Marcus and I. Eliezer, Coard, Chem. Rev., 4, 273 (1969). R.N. Prasad, Mithilesh Agarwal and Madhulika Sharma, J. Indian Chem., Soc., 79, 531 (2002). B.K. Rai, S.K. Chaudhary, H.C. Rai, Assain J. Chem. 13, 259 (2001). H. Sigel, Metal Ion in biological system, Marcol Dekker Inc., New York, 2, 1 (1973); 5, 250 (1976), 6, 1 (1976). Marcus, Y. and Elizer, I., Coor. Chem. Review, 4, 273, (1969). M.T. Beck, The determination of complex equilibria , 172 (1969). B. Singh and Dheeraj K., Int. J. Sci. and Res. Pub., 3(2) (2013). W.B. Schaap and D.L. McMasters, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 83, 4699 (1961). R.C. Sharma and J.P. Tondon, Chemical Era, 105, 55 (1975). Kiran Mail, Prashanthiy, Subhashini NJP and Shivraj J. Chem. Pharm. Res- 2(1) 375-384(2010). C.R. Castro, V.R. Castro, R. Herrero et.al., Talanta, 93, 60(2003). Chanchal Karadia and O.D. Gupta, Asian J.Chem. 22(3), 2035 (2010). Tannistha Roy Barman and G.N. Mukherjee, J.Ind.Chem. 50c, 86, (2009). Tishchenko M.A., Zheltvii I.I. and Poluektov N.S., Zhur, Neorg, Khim. 1, 1793(1974). Chaberk S. and Martell A.E., J. AM. Chem. Soc., 74, 5052 (1952). Ramamoorthy S. and Santappa M., Indian J. Chem. 9, 381(1971). Ingle D.B. and Khandkar D.D., J. Indian, Chem. Soc., 50, 190 (1973).
PROMPT GAMMA NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS (PGNAA) IN NUCLEAR TECHNOLOGY

Kaushal Kishor Singh

Page No.: 12685 - 12689

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 The scope of the present thesis has been to develop and standardise suitable analytical methodology for determination of trace elements particularly boron and cesium, both being important from their relevance in nuclear technology. The former is important in the front-end of nuclear fuel cycle while the latter is of relevance in the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. In view of the requirement of boron determination in a wide variety of matrices, the investigations were undertaken to adapt as many suitable techniques as possible for different matrices. At the same time the possibility of employing more than one technique for validation of analytical results was also emphasised. Final acceptance of any analytical result is decided by the statistical treatment to which the data is subjected to. ISO recommended total measurement uncertainty principle has been adopted. Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) is a nuclear analytical technique for the analysis of elements present in solid, liquid and gaseous samples by measuring the capture gamma rays emitted from the samples during neutron irradiation.  
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Z.B. Alfasi, C. Chung, Prompt gamma activation analysis, CRC press, Boca rattan, Florida, 1995. K. Sudarshan, R. Tripathi, A.G.C. Nair, R. Acharya, A.V.R. Reddy, A. Goswami, A simple method for correcting the neutron self-shielding effect of matrix and improving the analytical response in prompt gamma-ray neutron activation analysis, Analytica Chimica Acta 549 (2005) 205-211. K. Sudarshan, R. Tripathi, A.G.C. Nair, R. Acharya, A.V.R. Reddy, A. Goswami, Analysis of reference materials by prompt ?-ray neutron activation analysis and evaluation of sample dependent background, Analytica Chimica Acta 535 (2005) 309-314. T. Sokalski, T. Zwickl, E. Bakker, E. Pretsch. Lowering the Detection Limit of Solvent Polymeric Ion-Selective Electrodes. 1. Modeling the Influence of Steady-State Ion Fluxes, Anal. Chem., 71 (1999) 1204-1210. W. Qin, T. Zwickl, E. Pretsch. Improved Detection Limits and Unbiased Selectivity Coefficients Obtained by Using Ion-Exchange Resins in the Inner Reference Solution of Ion Selective Polymeric Membrane Electrodes, Anal. Chem., 72 (2000) 3236-3240. A. Radu, S. Peper, C. Gonczy, W. Runde, D. Diamond, Trace-Level Determination of Cs+ Using Membrane-Based Ion-Selective Electrodes, Electro analysis, 18 (2006) 1379-1388. A. Radu, S. Peper, E. Bekker, D. Diamond, Guidelines for Improving the Lower Detection Limit of Ion-Selective Electrodes: A Systematic Approach, Electro analysis, 19 (2007) 144-154.
INCLUSIVE EDUCATION FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS – A CASE STUDY

Umesh Agam & Prof. Manoj Kar

Page No.: 12690 - 12695

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Inclusive education is pairing of philosophy and pedagogical practices that allow each student to feel respected, confident and safe so he or she can learn and develop to his or her potential. It is based on system of values and beliefs centered on the best interests of the student, which promotes social cohesion, belonging, and active participation in learning, a complete school experience, and positive interactions with peers and others in the school community. The number of difficulties came forward on the account of spreading education among the children. There are lots of students who suffers due to different reason and are not able to continue their education or even not able to start their education. If the reasons are categorized, it finds as working children, children in tribal areas, street children, children of migrant labors, children with HIV/AID and under chronic illness, girls living in difficult circumstances, and children with disabilities. In view of the above, the present research paper emphasized on “accessing inclusive education for the children with disabilities (CWDs) in General Schools’ and the policies and the framework designed to access education to CWDs with dignity and self respect. Key Words: - Inclusive Education, CWDs, Policies, RTE, Schools.
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Ahamad, W. (2012). Barriers of Inclusive for Children with Intellectual Disability.Indian Stream Research Journal, 2(II). Bhattacharya, T (2010). Re-examining Issues of Inclusion in Education, Economic & Political Weekly XLV (16) Bindal, S. & Sharma, S. (2010). Inclusive Education in Indian Context, Journal of Indian Education. XXXV (4):34-44 Julka, A. (ED) (2007). Meeting Special Needs in School – A Manual, New Delhi : NCERT Kauts, A. & Bhardwaj, P. (2012). Inclusive Education: Concerns and Policy Perspectives, University News 50(02) : 7 – 13. Ministry of Information & Broadcasting (2013). Disability, YOJANA – A Development Monthly Vol. 57, April 2013. Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs (1996). PWD ACT, 1995 The Persons With Disabilities, New Delhi: MOLJCA,GOI. Mondal, A. & Mete, J. (2012). Inclusive Education: Paradigm Shift in Education for Children with Special Needs in India. In Kumar. T. Pradeep (Eds.), Innovative Trends in Education. New Delhi : APH Publishing Corporation Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (2012). Manual on Disability Statistics, MOSPI, GOI : New Delhi. Ministry of Law and Justice (2009). The Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Act, 2009, New Delhi:MOLJ,GOI. UNESCO (1994). The Salamanca Statement and Framework for Action – 1994, Geneva: UNESCO Special Education, Division of Basic Education.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES DERIVED FROM NOVEL HYDRAZONE AZO SCHIFF BASE LIGAND

Surendra Singh

Page No.: 12696 - 12711

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A series of metal(II) complexes ML where M = VO(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) have been synthesized from azo Schiff base ligand (N?E)-N?-(5-((4-chlorophenyl)diazenyl)-2-hydroxybenzylidene)-2-hydroxybenzohydrazide and characterized on the basis of elemental analyses, electronic, IR, and 1H NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibility and also by aid of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction, fluorescence spectral studies, and molar conductivity measurements. Conductivity measurements reveal that the complexes are nonelectrolytes. Spectroscopy and other analytical studies reveal distorted square planar geometry for copper, square-pyramidal geometry for oxovanadium, and tetrahedral geometry for other complexes. Redox behavior of the copper(II) complex has been studied with cyclic voltammetry, and the biological activities of the ligand and metal complexes have been studied against several microorganisms by the well diffusion method. All synthesized compounds can serve as potential photoactive materials as indicated from their characteristic fluorescence properties. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the ligand was measured and found to be higher than that of urea and KDP. The SEM image of the copper(II) complex implies that the size of the particles is 50 nm.
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C. Imrie, P. Engelbrecht, C. Loubser, and C. W. McCleland, “Monosubstituted thermotropic ferrocenomesogens: an overview 1976–1999,” Applied Organometallic Chemistry, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1–15, 2001. K. S. Abou-Melha and H. Faruk, “Synthesis, spectral and antimicrobial studies of rare earth metal complexes with Schiff-base hydrazone containing quinoline moiety,” Journal of Coordination Chemistry, vol. 61, no. 12, pp. 1862–1874, 2008. A. Walcourt, M. Loyevsky, D. B. Lovejoy, V. R. Gordeuk, and D. R. Richardson, “Novel aroylhydrazone and thiosemicarbazone iron chelators with anti-malarial activity against chloroquine-resistant and -sensitive parasites,” International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 401–407, 2004. P. V. Bernhardt, P. Chin, P. C. Sharpe, J. Y. C. Wang, and D. R. Richardson, “Novel diaroylhydrazine ligands as iron chelators: coordination chemistry and biological activity,” Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 761–777, 2005. K. Mohanan, S. Nirmala Devi, and B. Murukan, “Complexes of copper(II) with 2-(N-salicylideneamino)-3-carboxyethyl-4,5,6, 7-tetrahydrobenzo[ b ]thiophene containing different counter anions,” Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic, Metal-Organic and Nano-Metal Chemistry, vol. 36, no. 6, pp. 441–449, 2006. S. M. Sondhi, M. Dinodia, and A. Kumar, “Synthesis, anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity evaluation of some amidine and hydrazone derivatives,” Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 14, no. 13, pp. 4657–4663, 2006. L. Savini, L. Chiasserini, V. Travagli et al., “New ?-(N)-heterocyclichydrazones: evaluation of anticancer, anti-HIV and antimicrobial activity,” European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 113–122, 2004.
IMPORTANCE OF LIBRARIES IN INDIAN EDUCATION-SYSTEM

Dharambeer Singh

Page No.: 12712 - 12716

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The ease of publishing electronic documents has greatly increased the number of publishers and publications available. The speed and convenience of web publishing and easy access to documents make acquisition unnecessary in many cases; more important is access. Today's college library clientele are finding it more easy and comfortable to use the internet when they need to find information. They are unable to distinguish appropriate from inappropriate sources for their assignments, have little time to complete their projects (in part because they procrastinate) and are fascinated by the Web. In many cases, if the information is not available on the Web, it does not exist for them. They want a way to restrict their queries to retrieve just full-text electronic resources, even if the best material for their assignments is available only in print. Key words: Libraries, Education-system, Benefits of Libraries, E-libraries.
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Adeyoyin, S. (2006, May-June). Fundraising in Nigerian libraries. Marketing Library Services, 20(3). Retrieved May 7, 2007, Das, Naveen. (2003, October). Customer service quality in India: Myths and realities. Marketing Mastermind, 3(10), 30-32. Stephens, M. (2006, March-April). Promoting gaming programs in libraries. Marketing Library Services, 20(2). Retrieved May 7, 2007, Toda, J. (2004, March). Consumers and consumer industries in the ubiquitous network era. Marketing Mastermind, ^(3), 49-65.
SHARIRIK SHIKSHAEANV KRIDA: AVDHARANATMAK SPASHTIKARAN

Sunil Singh Sengar

Page No.: 12717 - 12725

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EFFECT OF POROUS MEDIUM AND MAGNETIC FIELD ON THE UNSTEADY FLOW OF DUSTY INCOMPRESSIBLE SECOND ORDER OLDROYD VISCO-ELASTIC LIQUID THROUGH THE RIGHT CIRCULAR CYLINDER

Anil Tripathi

Page No.: 12726 - 12732

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The purpose of the present section is to analyse the effect of porous medium and uniform magnetic field applied perpendicularly to the unsteady flow of dusty incompressible Oldroyd visco-elastic liquid of second order under the influence of transient pressure gradient through a long right circular cylinder. This problem has been solved in the generalized visco-elastic model and the velocity field for visco-elastic liquid and the dust particles have been derived analytically in the closed form. The particular cases corresponding to Oldroyd, Maxwell, Rivlin-Ericksen dusty liquid and ordinary viscous dusty fluid models are derived for velocity field. There is also the case when uniform magnetic field is withdrawn has been deduced.
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Agrawal,V. P., Agrawal, N. K. and Varshney, N. K; Acta Ciencia Indica Vol. XXXVII M, No. 1, p-47 (2012). Bagchi, S. and Maiti, M. K.; Acta Ciencia Indica Vol. VI , No. 3, p-130 (1980). Dass, K. K.; Ind. Jour. Theo. Phy.,Vol. 52,No. 1, p-31 (2004). Dubey, S.N. and Srivastava , L.P.; Def. Sci. Jour.p-22 (1972). Garg, A. Shrivastav , R. K. and Singh, K. K.; Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. India, Vol. 64(A), part III, p-355 (1994).
A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SENSORS

P. K. Saraswat

Page No.: 12733 - 12738

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Now a days electronic sensors are mostly fabricated through micro/nano technologies. The size of key components of the devices, such as thin films or three dimensional small structures are usually within micrometer or even down to nanometer. The MOS sensors (MOSFET and MOS capacitor) due their potentiality in high-level integrated circuits draw much attention to researchers to use in gas sensing field. The gas sensor find applications in various fields, such as in fire detectors, leakage detector, controllers of ventilation in cars and planes food and beverage industries, in the analysis of perfume, in diagnostic medicine and alarm devices, etc. If a gas sensor is placed in a particular region where in a possibility of inimical leakage of gases occurs, huge loss of property and human life may be saved and number of accidents may be reduced. The control and monitoring of pollutant gas and chemical species in environment are being done successfully using sensor technology. The specific demand for gas detection and monitoring has emerged particularly as the awareness of the requirements to protect the environment has grown. Environmental protection, as well as energy-saving, is possible only by detection and monitoring of toxic, hazardous, flammable and exhaust gas. These events spur scientist and technologist to design and fabricate a gas sensor which can detect gases with utmost accuracy. Keywords: Sensor, Electrical Value, Stimulus, Sensing Surface
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L. Harshal : Physics Review Bulletin, 1254 (45), 2015 A. Khurshid : Gas Sensors and their applications; Oxford University Press, 2016 M Abbas : Review of Sensing Technologies, 2016 Subramaniam : Thin Film Gas Sensors, 2017 Singh K. : Indian Journal of Physics, 1655 (95), 2017
DARSHNIK SHIKSHA TATHA SHIKSHA-DARSHAN KA SAMBANDH

Manoj Kumar Singh

Page No.: 12739 - 12749

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CO-POLYMERIZATION OF CARBON DIOXIDE AND EPOXIDES TO CREATE PLASTICS FROM CO2

Vivek Kumar Pandey

Page No.: 12750 - 12759

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As a result of global warming, it is expected that petroleum supplies would run out within the next century at the current rate of consumption. As a result, there is an increasing push to create new chemical processes that use biorenewable sources. A plentiful, affordable, and non-toxic bio-renewable source is carbon dioxide. The techniques by which CO2 can be used are immobilisation by polymerization, reduction by metal catalysed processes, and chemical transformations. In addition to these procedures, copolymerization of epoxies is crucial. When CO2 and the copolymers cyclohexene oxide and propylene oxide are used to create epoxies, cyclic carbonates are a prominent byproduct. It's crucial to choose a copolymer that has the fewest obstacles, C-O connections, and rivalries. Inoue group (aluminum catalysts) fulfills the basic requirements. Sometimes, salen metal complexes are also used in the formation of epoxies with CO2. Formation of nano-particles by intermolecular cross linking and high activity Zn (II)-based catalyst can be used for asymmetric CHO-CO2 copolymerization. Keywords: Co-polymerization, reduction, chemical transformation, metal complexes and bio-renewable.
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F.Rindfleisch, T.P. DiNoia, M.A. McHugh, J. Phys. Chem., 100, 15581,(1996) J.C.Rainwater,. Supercritical FluidScience and Technology; T.J.Bruno, J.F.,Ely, Eds.; RC Press: Ann Arbor,MI, 1991; Chapter 2. C.Shi, Z. Huang, S. Kilic, J. Xu, R.M.Enick, E.J.Beckman, A.J. Carr, R.E. Melendez,Hamilton, Science 1999, 286, 1540-1543.
CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PESTICIDES AND THEIR IMPACT ON LIVING ORGANISMS

Kaushal Kishor Singh & Dev Prakash

Page No.: 12760 - 12770

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The available reports from various investigations from different parts of the world including India, recommend the need for continues survey and monitoring programs for pesticide in all food commodities in order to protect the end user for the indiscriminate exposure of pesticides. Based on limited knowledge with direct and indirect and/or inferential information on pesticides, there is a certain ambiguity of a situation in which people are undergoing life-long exposure. A multidisciplinary integrated approach involving toxicology, epidemiology, physiology and behavioral sciences may realize the hazards and sketch the preventive strategies need to be developed. Pesticide means any substance intended for preventing, destroying, attracting, repelling or controlling any pest including unwanted species of plants or animals during production, storage, transport, distribution and processing of food, agricultural commodities or animal feeds or which may be administered to the animals for the control of ectoparasites (FAO). The term includes substances intended for use as a plant growth regulator, defoliant, desiccant, fruit thinning agent and substances applied to the crops either before or after harvest to protect the commodity from deterioration during storage and transport. The term normally excludes fertilizers, plant and animal nutrients, food additives and animal drugs. Keywords: Pesticide, fertilizer, Living Organisms, Unwanted species.
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Jadon S S ( 2010), Diffuse agricultural water pollution in India, Water Sci. Technol. 39; 33-47. Varshney Suresh ( 2010), Pesticide Safety and Monitoring, All India Coordinated Research Project on Pesticides Residues, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, India. Saraswat P K( 2009), Organochlorine insecticide residue in River Ganga, water at KANPUR UP,
HYDERABAD SANSTHANATIL RASHTRAVADACHA UDAY

Nagve Krushna Annasaheb

Page No.: 12771 - 12774

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https://vishwakosh.marathi.gov.in/31253/
PROMOTING EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT FOR MUSLIM WOMEN: OVERCOMING CHALLENGES AND PURSUING EQUALITY IN INDIA

Madhumita Khan

Page No.: 12775 - 12784

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This paper examines the challenges faced by Muslim women in India regarding educational attainment and empowerment, with a focus on promoting gender equality and socio-economic justice. India's Constitution grants minorities, including Muslims, equality of status and opportunities to accelerate their educational and socio-economic progress. However, despite constitutional guarantees, Muslim women continue to encounter barriers hindering their educational advancement, resulting in educational backwardness within their communities. The study delves into the underlying factors contributing to educational disparities, including gender bias, limited resources, and societal expectations, which impede Muslim women's access to quality education. It highlights the government's commitment to addressing these issues through various policies and programs, with a specific emphasis on the educational upliftment of all Indian women, as outlined in the National Policy of Education in 1986 and its Revised Programme of Action in 1992. The paper underscores the transformative potential of education in promoting gender equality and empowering Muslim women to become agents of positive change within their societies. By exploring the progress made and the challenges that persist, the study offers insights into potential areas for improvement and emphasizes the significance of cultural sensitivity in designing effective educational interventions. Keywords: Education, Muslim Women, Empowerment, socio economic.
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An Analytical Study of Education of Muslim Women and Girls in India. (2007). Hossain, I., & Moinuddin, S.A.H. (2013). Interrogating Psycho-Social Problems of Muslim Women. The Indian Experience. Antrocom Online Journal of Anthropology, 9(2), 291-297. http://www.antrocom.net/upload/sub/antrocom/090213/07-Antrocom.pdf Kazi, S. (1999). Muslim Women in India. Minority Rights Group International. Retrieved https://www.atria.nl/epublications/1999/MuslimwomenIndia.pdf