An Internationl Peer Reviewed

SCHOLARLY RESEARCH JOURNAL FOR INTERDISCIPLINARY STUDIES

Mar-Apr,2019, vol-6/50

Impact Factor: 6.371

ISSN: 2278-8808

Date: 2019-05-01

MAR - APRIL, 2019, SRJIS

IMPACT OF ADJUSTMENT ON TEACHER EFFECTIVENESS OF PUPIL TEACHERS

Suresh Kumar Tripathy

Page No.: 11806 - 11813

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 Teachers are the backbone of the nation and guardians of the past. Their contribution can never be ignored in the context of Nation building. In any educational set up teachers occupy the pivotal position in the educational machinery. It is the teachers who shape the destiny of the learners through constant care and instruction. It is therefore pertinent for them to have proper training and proper infrastructural facilities for effectively teaching the young learners. Teacher effectiveness is an essential component which can be inculcated in the minds of trainee teachers not only through proper training but also minimizing the individual problem of the teacher. Adjustment is one such area that contributes a great deal in bringing teacher effectiveness. It is learnt that, a well adjusted teacher always delivers effective teaching and handles students problems more effectively than the teachers who have adjustment problems. This study is an attempt to investigate as to whether there is any relationship between “Adjustment and Teacher Effectiveness”.
Keywords:  Teacher effectiveness, adjustment, Intelligence, creativity, Learning ability, Academic performance.
 
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Dunn, M. L(1953). Exceptional Children in Schools, New York, Holtrine Chart- Winton,p.523 Mangal, S.K.( 2003). Teacher Adjustment Inventory. Agra: National Psychological Corporation. Hota, A (2000). A study of organizational health of secondary school teachers of Orissa in relation to their adjustment. Un published M.Phil. (Education),Dissertation Kurukshetra University, Sexena, Jyotsna (1995). A Study of Teacher Effectiveness in Relation to Adjustment, Job Satisfaction and Attitude towards Teaching Profession. Indian Educational Abstract. Sunita (2008). Teaching Effectiveness of Secondary School Teachers in Relation to Their Level of Adjustment and Socio Economic Status, M.Ed. Dissertation, Department of Education, M.D. University, Rohtak.
UNDERSTANDING OF MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE OF IXTH STANDARD GOVERNMENT SCHOOL STUDENTS

Ignatius Topno

Page No.: 11814 - 11821

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 Multiple Intelligences (MI) Theory is an amazing approach toward learning. The first scientist who proposed this idea was Gardner who suggested that “the traditional notion of intelligence as measured by IQ testing is far too limited and there are not just two ways to be intelligent, but many ways” (1983, p.51). Based on Gardner’s theory people vary according to their different aspects of their intelligence and learning. One issue which makes people different from each other is related to their intelligence preferences ( Ehrman, 2003). The sample comprised of 200 9th grade government school students.  Adopted Multiple Intelligence Inventory developed by Howard Gardner (1983) was used know the levels of Multiple Intelligence 9th grade government school students. The results revealed that there was no significant difference between 9th grade government school students in their Multiple Intelligence on the basis of gender, age, habitation mother’s qualification, father’s qualification and income of the family.
Keywords: Multiple Intelligence, amazing, theory, measured, preference.
 
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Fonseca, M. C and Arnold, J., (2004). Multiple intelligence theory and foreign language learning: A brain based perspective. International Journal of English Studies, 4(1), 119-136. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind :The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books Gardner, H., (1993). Multiple Intelligences: The theory in practice. New York: Basic Books Gardner, H., (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century. New York: Basic 9. Gardner, H., (2004). Frames of Mind - multiple intelligence theory. Istanbul: Alfa Gottfredson, L.S., (1997). Foreword to intelligence and social policy. Intelligence, 24 (1), 1–12. Loori, A. A., (2005). Multiple intelligences: a comparative study between the preferences of males and females. Social Behavior and Personality, 33(1), 77-88. Nikolova, K and Shopova, T., (2007). Multiple intelligences theory and educational practice. Bulgaria, 5(2), 105-109. Nolen, J. L., (2003). Multiple intelligences in the classroom. Education, 124(1), 115-119. 14. Waterhouse, L., (2006). Inadequate evidence for multiple intelligences, Mozart effect, and Emotional Intelligence theory. Educational Psychologist, 41(4), 247-255.
HIGHER EDUCATION ON THE VERGE OF THE 21ST CENTURY

Dipty Subba

Page No.: 11822 - 11829

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 The present paper is an effort, to identify and discuss a number of critical issues, of Higher Education in India. Education is a process by which a person’s body, mind and character are formed and strengthened and as a nation we can’t break away from the moral obligation of providing high quality higher education to each and every young citizens of this country. India in last two decades has been credited to the higher education system which has been able to produce skilled manpower for the speedy industrialization and knowledge based economy and has become the hub of Information Technology (IT) & IT enabled services industry and manufacturing industry. To keep pace with the range of the demands of modern society the institutions of higher education have similarly been forced to diversify.  Higher education in India thus, has been finding it difficult to meet the challenges of unplanned expansion, educated unemployment, uneven growth, commercialization of education, financial crises, teacher burnout and the digital divide of quantity versus quality, equity versus excellence, and creativity versus conformity which are posing continuous threats. However, there are gaps between the situations also in developing and developed countries, within urban and rural areas, between the wealthy and the poor, males and females, and among different ethnic groups.
Keywords: Higher Education, Society, Current scenario, Emerging Challenges 
 
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Agarwal R et al. Higher Education and Quality Improvement: A challenge for India. Indian Journal of Applied Research 2014; 4(10). Arunachalam P. Higher Education Sector in India: Issues and Imperatives. Journal of Global • Econom 2010; 6(4) Bhatia K, Dash MK. National Knowledge Commission-A Step towards India’s higher Education Reforms on India’s Higher Education. International Research Journal of Finance and Economic 2010; 53: 46 9.
CHANGES ON REACHING ADOLESCENCE

Raju Kammari

Page No.: 11830 - 11834

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Dorn L. D.; Biro F. M. (2011). "Puberty and Its Measurement: A Decade in Review. [Review]". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 21 (1): 180–195. Larson, R., & Wilson, S. (2004). Adolescence across place and time: Globalization and the changing pathways to adulthood. In R. Lerner and L. Steinberg Handbook of adolescent psychology. New York: Wiley. Coleman, John; Roker, Debi. Psychologist11. 12 (Dec 1998): 593. "Adolescence". Grotevant, H. (1997). Adolescent development in family contexts. In N. Eisenberg (Ed.), Handbook of child psychology (5th ed.), Vol. 3: Social, emotional, and personality development, pp. 1097–1149. New York: Wiley. Steinberg L (2001). "We know some things: Adolescent-parent relationships in retrospect and prospect". Journal of Research on Adolescence. 11: 1–19. Smetana J. G. (1988). "Adolescents' and parents' conceptions of parental authority". Child Development. 59 (2): 321–335.
EXPLORING THE ROLE OF MASS MEDIA IN DEMOCRACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Dipty Subba

Page No.: 11835 - 11839

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 This article seeks to compile an understanding of the role of media in sustaining democracy and national development.  The media place the public agenda and act as the caretaker of public issues. The need to belong to a common national life has changed with the inception of modernization and democratization processes. The media is also said to be an aggregation of all communication channels that use techniques of making a lot of direct personal communication between the communicator and the public. The mass media constitute the backbone of democracy. Many multi-cultural and multiethnic countries have adopted democratic values, institutions and processes to hold their societies together. Media are particularly important in facilitating nation-building, especially of post-colonial societies and those experiencing ethnic and religious diversities. The real influence of the media in national development depends on the media themselves, the societies in which they function, and the audience they accomplish.
Keywords:  Media, Democracy and National Development
 
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Amartya Sen. 1999. Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books. Busakorn Suriyasarn, “Internet and National Development,” Thai Media and Telecommunications, May 1998. http://www.busakorn.addr.com/thaitcom/internetnationaldevelopment.htm. Dalton, R.J. (2008) Citizen Politics: Public Opinion and Political Parties In Advanced Industrial Democracies, 5th Edition. Washington, D.C: CQ Staff Directories,US. Hackett, Robert A., and Yuezhi Zhao, eds (2005) Democratizing Global Media: One World, Many Struggles (Rowman & Littlefield). Khalid, Ahmed, Mufti (2015). Media and Development in Society: Continuity and Challenges. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 20, Issue 11, Ver. II (Nov. 2015) PP 47-54
AN ARTICLE ON REASONS FOR SCHOOL STUDENTS COMMITING SUICIDES INDIA

Raju Kammari

Page No.: 11840 - 11844

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Kochanek KD, Xu J, Murphy SL, Miniño AM, Kung HC. Deaths: preliminary data for 2009. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2011;59(4):1–51. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Self-harm: longer-term management in adults, children and young people [Draft for Consultation]. National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health; 2011. Dodds TJ (March 2017). "Prescribed Benzodiazepines and Suicide Risk: A Review of the Literature". The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders. 19 (2). Värnik P (March 2012). “Suicide in the world”. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 9 (3): 760–71. “Suicide prevention”. WHO Sites: Mental Health. World Health Organization. Aug 31, 2012. Retrieved 2013-01-13.
GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP EDUCATION: A NEW IMPERATIVE FOR 21ST CENTURY EDUCATION

Dipty Subba

Page No.: 11845 - 11857

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 As the inevitable process of the 21st century, globalization has affected and altered all aspects of human life including education. The increasing interconnection between countries is leading to the recognition of both shared problems and shared solutions for which citizens’ rights, obligations, and responsibilities transcend the traditional nation-state. In a globalized world, education is putting more emphasis on equipping individuals from an early age, and throughout life, with the knowledge, skills, attitudes and behaviors they need to be informed, engaged and empathetic citizens. Global citizen¬ship is found to require significant adjustment of individual, corporate, national, and regional inter¬ests. Citizenship education, are focused on the learner and the development of skills and attitudes to participate in and contribute to a changing social order. Education for citizenship themes is often built around a stimulus activity that will make a bond with the student as a person and guide his or her development in relation to peers and others and the wider society. It is inspired by ethical principles in reference, in part at least, to civil, social, and political rights. This article seeks to provide an understanding of the concept of global citizenship and its relevance and implication in the 21st century education.
Keywords: Global Citizen, Global Citizenship Education, Teacher, Curriculum
 
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Abdi, A. A., Shultz, L. (2007). Educating for social justice and global citizenship: Helping students make local – global links on justice issues. Education for Social Justice: From the Margins to the Mainstream. Background papers. Canadian Teachers’ Federation. Ottawa, CAN. Abdi, A. A., Shultz, L. (2008). Educating for human rights and global citizenship. Albany, NY: Suny Press Cartwright, C. T., Kerrigan, P. Pusch, M., Brown, B., & Yamashita, M. (2009). Global Citizenship; Challenges and Opportunities for U.S. Higher Education, Presentation for AAC&U Seattle, WA. Chen, S. (2008). Developing Global Citizenship: the Effect of Studying Abroad. Osaka University, Japan Cogan, J. (1997). Multidimensional citizenship: Education policy for the twenty-first century. Tokyo: Sasakawa Peace Foundation.
VALUE PATTERN OF GOVT. AND PRIVATE URBAN SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS ON GENDER BASIS

Javeed Ahmad Puju & Ishrat Rafiq Wani

Page No.: 11858 - 11866

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 The present study was designed to undertake the comparative study of govt. and private school teachers on value pattern in Kashmir province. A sample of 200 teachers (100 govt. and 100 Private) were selected randomly from govt. and private secondary schools. The data was collected by using Indian Adaption value scale constructed by N.Y. Reddy. The collected date was analyzed by applying some statistical techniques and some of the important findings have been drawn from the present study.  It was found that  significant means difference was found between govt. and private secondary school teachers while as no significant means difference was found between male and female govt. and private secondary school teachers. 
Keywords: Secondary school teachers. Value pattern- Theoretical value, Economic   value, Aesthetic value, Social value, Political value, religious value. 
 
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Behets, Daniel et al., (2004) Value Orientations of Secondary and Secondary Physical Teachers in Flanders, Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sports, Vol. 75, pp 156-164. Buch M.B. (1983-88) Fourth survey of research in education, New Delhi: NCERT. Buch M.B. (1999) Fifth survey of Research in education, New Delhi: NCERT. Chand Jagdish (2003) Value education: Journal of Value education, vol.3 no. 1 New Delhi NCERT. Chitakra M.G. (2003) Education and human values, A.P.H. Publishing corporation 5- Ansari road New Delhi (P-59). Ganie M.Y. (1987) Value orientation and adjustment problems of rural and urban post¬graduate students of the university of Kashmir, unpublished M.Phil dissertation University of Kashmir Sgr.
ANUSUCHIT KSHETRAMADHIL GAT GRAMPANCHAYTICHYA GRAMSTHANCHE GRAMSABHETIL YOGDAN

Devanand Shinde & Janu Jethya Pagi

Page No.: 11867 - 11871

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VIBHINNA PRABANDH TANTRO DWARA SANCHALIT UCCHATAR MADHYAMIK VIDHYALAYO KE VIDHYARTHIYO ME MULYON KA ADHYAYAN

Neetu Gautam

Page No.: 11872 - 11875

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EFFECT OF SOCIAL FACILITATION ON THE SPORTS PERFORMANCE OF MENTALLY CHALLENGED CHILDREN

Vishal Deep

Page No.: 11876 - 11884

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 A sample of 100 mentally challenged children (40 Mild and 60 Moderate) of chronological age 6-14 years were selected from Tapovan Manovikas Vidhyalya, Sriganganagar (Rajasthan). Sample was selected through purposive sampling technique. Sample of selected 100 mentally challenged children was again divided into Experimental and Control group having strength of 50 (20 Mild and 30 Moderate) children in each group. Experimental group was exposed to Social facilitation where as no facilitation was provided to Control group. All was done to see the effect of social facilitation was a  measure to know their performance in two events namely shuttle run and long jump and by making comparison of experimental  and control group.
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Armatas, V. (2009).Mental retardation: definitions, etiology, epidemiology and diagnosis. Journal of Sport and Health Research.1 (2):112-122. Baraitser M, Winter RM. London dysmorphology database. New York: Oxford University Press, 1996. Connolly, B.H. & Michael, B.T. (1986). Performance of Retarded Children, With and Without Down Syndrome, on the Bruininks Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, 66(3). Retrieved from http:/ /physther.net / content/66/3/344.
RELEVANCE OF MAHATMA GANDHI’S EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY IN PRESENT PERSPECTIVE

Vishal Deep

Page No.: 11885 - 11892

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 Mahatma Gandhi (1868-1948) contribution to the field of educational theory and practice is really outstanding. He has been considered to be a revolutionary and educational thinker of modern India. When we talk about Gandhi ji, automatically certain ideals come to our mind i.e. truth, nonviolence, simplicity, love for all, leadership, dignity of labor and implementation or practicising ideas rather than just propagating them. These ideals or qualities reflected to educational philosophy of Gandhi ji. Through his educational scheme he wanted to bring about a social revolution in our country, thereby leading to the creation of a new social order, reflecting his philosophy of education and life. He is regarded as a practical educational philosopher and experimenter on education to the core. The whole of his life was spent in experimentation with Truth.
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Chadha, Y. (1997) Rediscovering Gandhi, London: Century. Gandhi, M. K. (1977) The Collected Works, Ahmedabad: Navajivan. Gandhi, M. K. (1997) Hind Swaraj and other writings, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Kumar, K. (1994) ‘Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi’ in Z. Morsy (ed.) Thinkers on Education Volume 2, Paris: UNESCO.
AWARENESS ABOUT DRUG ABUSE AMONG MALE ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION TO DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLES

Geeta Rani

Page No.: 11893 - 11897

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 Majority of drug abuse among youth starts in school, the school population is the best place for early detection and prevention of substance abuse in the adolescent population. Studies in adolescent population have demonstrated a positive association between awareness about drug abuse and their attitudes toward drugs.  So there is a great need to aware adolescents about such type of hazardous problem.  The sample of the present study included 100 male students studying in 11th and 12th class of 5 senior secondary schools of Mohali district of Punjab. Data were collected through a self developed questionnaire and analysed using mean, standard deviation and t-test.  Study indicated that there was no difference in awareness about drug abuse between students belonging to rural and urban locality.  Level of students’ awareness about drug abuse was significantly increased with increase in the parental educational level.  In addition, in the current study, adolescents belonging to higher income families showed higher level of drug abuse awareness.
Keywords: Adolescents, Drug Abuse Awareness
 
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Ahmad, B. & Sidiq, T. (2015). Awareness of Drug Addiction among College Students of Kashmir Vally, International Journal of Medical Sciences & Pharmaceutical Research, 1(1), 01-14. Belcher, H.M., & Shinitzky, H.E.(1998). Substance abuse in children: prediction, protection and prevention. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, 152, 952–60.
A STUDY OF OCCUPATIONAL STRESS AMONG TEACHERS IN RELATION TO JOB SATISFACTION WITH REFERENCE TO SPECIAL EDUCATION SCHOOLS

Geeta Rani

Page No.: 11898 - 11901

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In today\'s schools stress is becoming increasingly more common for teachers. In teachers Special Education Schools this problem of Occupational stress is more prominent due to different needs of differently abled students.  Teachers manifesting high level of stress also show signs of high level of psychological distress, usually demonstrated by high anxiety and low psychological well being as well as decreased job satisfaction.  Keeping in view these factors the investigator has planned the present study on 50 teachers(25 male and 25 female) of Special Education Schools of Dehradun district of Uttrakhand State.  Occupational Stress Index by Dr. A.K Srivastava and Dr. A.P Singh and Job Satisfaction Questionnaire for Teachers by Kumar and Mutha was used to collect the data. Karl Pearson’s Coefficient of Correlation, mean and t test was used for data analysis.  Findings showed that occupational stress and job satisfaction are significantly negatively related. Male and Female teachers of Special Education schools do not differ significantly in terms of occupational stress and job satisfaction.
Keywords: Occupational Stress, Job Satisfaction, Special Education Schools.
 
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Abel, M.H. & Sewell, J. (1999). Stress and burnout in rural and urban secondary schools teachers. The Journal of Educational Research, 92(5), 287-293. Borg, M. G. & Falzon, J. M. (1989). Stress and job satisfaction among primary school teachers in Malta. Educational Review, 41(3), 271- 279.
A STUDY ON ROLE OF EDUCATION FOR CREATING PEACE AND SOCIAL HARMONY

Geeta Rani

Page No.: 11902 - 11905

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 Today’s age is the age of unprecedented levels of violence, with constant threats posed by intolerance, fanaticism, dispute and discordance.  Today children are absorbing the spirit of violence in the atmosphere and our next generation is becoming perpetuators of violence. Therefore, the need of hour is to nurture peace in the hearts of children.   It is our endeavour to educate our children about peace from very beginning so that when they grow up, they work towards peace and harmony. The emphasis on education for peace is based on the fact that education and peace are inseparable aspects of civilization.  The present study has taken 200 students (100 male and 100 female) as sample from class 11th and 12th of 10 Senior secondary schools of rural and urban areas of Saharanpur district of U.P. A self made questionnaire was used by the investigator to collect the data which includes 30 statements related with the objectives of the study.  Mean, Standard deviation and t-test were used to analyse the data. Results showed that male as well as and female students admit the importance of education for creating peace and social harmony.  A significant difference was found in the opinions of urban and rural students regarding the role of education in creating peace and harmony in society.
Keywords: Education, Peace, Social Harmony
 
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Goel S. (2016). Education for peace. Indian Journal of Psychometry and Education, 47(1),46-48. Jain, P.,Billaiya, R.,Prasad, G. & Parihar, K.S. (2017). Role of Education for Peace at School Level. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Education and Research, 2(2),58-59. Mondal, A. & Mete, J.(2014). Education for Peace in the light of NCF-2005. Journal of Phi;osophy, Culture and Religion,2,1-4.
STUDY OF ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AMONG POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS IN RELATION TO COURSE, GENDER AND LOCALE

Geeta Rani

Page No.: 11906 - 11910

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 Achievement motivation plays an important role to achieve educational goals of the students. It is important to know the achievement motivation of students so that their competencies and chances of future success can be assessed. Present study was conducted to know the differences among postgraduate students with regard to achievement motivation in relation to some variables. 100 students from 2 courses (MBA and M.Com.) were selected as sample from Kurukshetra University of Haryana. Deo-Mohan Achievement Motivation Scale was used to collect the data.  Findings indicated that Students studying in MBA have higher achievement motivation than students studying in M.Com. Male and female postgraduate students showed no difference in their achievement motivation.  Similarly difference between achievement motivation of rural and urban postgraduate students was not significant.
Keywords: Achievement Motivation, Postgraduate students
 
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Adsul, R. K., Kamble, V., & Sangli, K. W. (2008). Achievement Motivation as a function of Gender, Economic Background and Caste Differences in College Students. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 34, 323-327. Ahluwalia, I. (1985). “A Study of factors affecting achievement motivation”. Ph.D.Psy. Agra U. In fourth survey of research in education (1983-1988)ED; M.B; Buch (1991). New Delh: National Council for Educational Research and Training, Sri Aurobindo Marg, 1, 333.
STUDY OF USE OF PRIASOFT IN THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA

Mrs. Sonali Amit Ghule

Page No.: 11911 - 11917

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1. Maharashtra Grampanchayat Adhiniyam,1958 . 2. Maharashtra Zilla parishada and Panchayat Samitya Adhiniyam ,1961 . 3. Mumbai Sthanik Nidhi Lekha P arikshan Adhiniyam,1930 .
STUDYOF THE CRITERIA OF POPULATION FOR DISTRIBUTION OF GRANT OF 13TH FINANCE COMMISSION FOR PUNE DISTRICT AT VILLAGE PANCHAYAT LEVEL

Mrs. Sonali Amit Ghule

Page No.: 11918 - 11923

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1. Mumbai grampanchayat adhiniyam ,1958 2. Varshik prashasan ahaval ,zilla parishad pune, 2010-11. 3. Varshik prashasan ahaval ,zilla parishad pune, 2011-12.
“TO STUDY THE EFFECT OF INCLUSIVE ENVIRONMENT ON DIFFERENTLY ABLED CHILDREN” – A LITERATURE REVIEW

Muntajeeb Ali Baig

Page No.: 11924 - 11928

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 Universalization of Education provided an opportunity for the children to access education free of cost and study myriads of subjects in the mainstream, but the Universalization of education alsobrought challenges in educating children who are having different abilities. Children who are differently abled in learning, intellectual, emotional and psychological faces barriers in learning and satisfying educational needs because of the restrictive environment in the mainstream schools. The findings and results of researches provide an insight of a least restrictive environment where children with and without disabilities can learn, share, collaborate, and cooperate together in the same environment, such a conducive environment is called as an Inclusive Education. Thus, this study provides a review of selectedliterature found in the area of Inclusive Education, Special Education and Children with different abilities. This study will be helpful towards gettingliterature available on Inclusive Environment,Special Education and Children with different abilities domain at a glance for different purposes.
Keywords:  Inclusive Education, Special Education, Differently Abled Children, 
 
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Abeywickrama, S. P., Jayasinghe, I. K., & Sumanasena, S. P. (2013). Excluded in Inclusive Schools: Experiences of Children with Disabilities, their Families and Teachers in Sri Lanka. Disability, CBR & Inclusive Development, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.5463/dcid.v24i1.172 García-Carrión, R., Roldán, S. M., & Campos, E. R. (2018). Interactive learning environments for the educational improvement of students with disabilities in special schools. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(SEP), 1744. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01744
EFFECTIVENESS OF CONCEPT MAPPING STRATEGY IN THE ATTAINMENT OF THE CONCEPTS OF GEOGRAPHY AT SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL: A STUDY

Abdul Basit Ansari

Page No.: 11929 - 11935

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Concepts play a key role in teaching learning process at all levels for all disciplines. This experimental study aim at finding out the effectiveness of using concept mapping strategy in the attainment of the concepts of geography for IX class Urdu medium students in Hyderabad. Post test only equivalent group design was adopted with a sample of sixty IX class students. 
Objectives of the study were:
(1) To find out if there is any difference in the post test performance of control group and experimental group of IX class Urdu medium students of Hyderabad.
(2) To find out the effect of concept mapping strategy with respect to Boys and Girls of IX class Urdu medium students of Hyderabad.
Simple random sampling technique was used and the obtained results show that the (i) experimental group performed better than the control group. This shows that concept mapping strategy enhances performance and retention of knowledge in geography (ii) there is no significant difference in the effect of concept mapping strategy with respect to Boys and Girls.
Lastly I conclude that this study certainly helps the teachers to adopt appropriate methods of teaching learning process.
Key words: Concept Mapping Strategy, Geography Concepts, Secondary Level.
 
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Ahmad O, Qarareh (2017) “The effect of using concept mapping in teaching on the achievement of Fifth Graders in Science” journal studies on home and community science, volume 4, issue 3, 2010 Alireza Dolati Miandoab, (2012), “Effects of concept mapping instruction on the academic achievement of students in the history course”, Annals of Biological Research, 2012, 3 (7):3686-3690 (http://scholarsresearchlibrary.com/archive.html Best, John W. Kahn, James V. (2010) Research in Education. (10th Ed.). New Delhi: PHI Learning Private Limited.
THANE JILHYATIL SHASKIY V ANUDANIT ADIVASHI ASHRAM SHALANCHI SADYASTITHI

Vijay Kove & Vinod Raipur

Page No.: 11936 - 11949

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VIRTUAL CLASSROOM: LEARNING BEYOND THE FOUR WALLS

Prof. B. J. Mundhe

Page No.: 11950 - 11957

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 A virtual classroom is an online teaching environment. The environment can be web based accessed through a portal or software-based and requires a downloadable execrable file. Just like in a real world classroom, a student in a virtual classroom participates in synchronous instruction, which means that the teacher and student are logged into the virtual teaching environment at the same time. Just as the term ‘virtual means a simulation of the real thing, a virtual classroom is a simulated classroom via Internet, which provides a convenient communication environment for distance learners just like traditional face/to/face classroom. A virtual classroom allows teachers to attend a classroom from anywhere in the world and aims to provide a teaching experience that is similar to a real classroom. 
Keywords:  Virtual Classroom, Virtual Teaching, Virtual learning
 
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Mujibal Hasan Siddiqui,(2013), Virtual Classroom for Higher Education: A Result of Information Technology, International Journal of Management and Social Sciences Research (IJMSSR), Vol.02 No.02 Feb.2013 (Online Journal) H.N.Narsingappa,(2017), Virtual Classroom,Edutracks,Jan.2017Vol.16, No.5 New Delhi: Neelkamal Publications Pvt. Ltd.
A STUDY OF CURRICULUM TRANSACTIONS OF TEACHER EDUCATORS WITH RESPECT TO ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE MANAGEMENT ON THE BASIS OF TYPES OF COLLEGES

Ms. Jaya Cherian & Karuna Gupta

Page No.: 11958 - 11962

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 Change is an all pervasive aspect of the world we live in. Change is a critical phenomenon for any entity to survive and thrive in response to the demands of its environment. An organization’s capacity to survive and grow is determined by its ability to change. All change practices do not lead to success and productivity.  Change management is about adopting such practices that are successful in the long run for the organization. The educational sector is witnessing major changes in all its aspects as it endeavors to meet the challenges of globalization, digitalization and so on. Teacher education institutions play a significant role in the educational field as they prepare the teachers who are key change agents. The teacher education institutions have to adopt such practices that would lead to quality transactions in their functioning in all areas especially curriculum transactions. Curriculum transactions are a crucial aspect of educational institutions that sees many change initiatives. This paper focuses on curriculum transactions of teacher educators with respect to organizational change management with type of college as a parameter. A survey was conducted on 40 teacher educators form colleges of education affiliated to University of Mumbaiand results were concluded on the basis of quantitative analysis.
Keywords: Organizational Change Management, Curriculum transactions.
 
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Best John and Kahn James. (2006). Research in Education (Tenth Edition), New Delhi: Prentice Hall, Inc. Kotter P. John. (2012).Leading Change, Massachusetts: Harvard Business Review Press. KoulLokesh. (1997). Methodology of Educational Research, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.
PROBLEMS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF WOMEN IN POLITICAL SOCIETY

Sivakoti Rani & Prof P Arjun

Page No.: 11963 - 11968

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 Right from the ancient society the women have been treated as second rate citizens. Only during Vedic period the women are given certain respect to participate in the discussions held in Sabha and Samiti. They are at full liberty in case of marriage and settlement. Slowly this trend has been changed. Women have to observe seclusion. They are not allowed to receive education like boys.  The teachers have to come to the houses and teach the girls from behind the curtain. In the field of politics the women have played limited role. Very few women are discharged the function as rulers. Utpala queen of Kashmir, Sultana Razia of Delhi, Rudramadevi of kakatiya’s have functioned as the duties of rulers. She was one of the few women to rule as monarch in the Indian subcontinent and promoted a male image in order to do so. But after the enforcement of the constitution of India the position of women has not been changed on expected lines. Fortunately for women Mrs Indira Gandhi was the prime minister for 17 years excluding 3 years between 1977 -1980.Very few female members have acted as chief ministers. At present only one chief minister that is mamatha Banerjee of Bengal is performing her activities in the capacity of the chief minister. Only few ladies have performed their political duties and obligations. But women formed 50 percentage in the population. Problems of women have not been solved. At the local bodies 50 percent of seats in municipalities, panchayat raj institutions have been reserved. Similarly the women are provided reservations and they are elected to the local bodies. Still women are waiting for their opportunity to become member in the parliament. The reservation policy of 33 percentage was not passed. There is no sympathy for women for the political reservations among the political parties. As per various observations some of the political groups have pressurised the government not to pass the women reservation bill. The economic and religious groups are demanding for removal of the women from the political field. These issues will be high lightened in my full paper.
Key words: women reservation, Sabha and Samiti, Seclusion
 
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Mona Lena krook; women, gender, and politics: a reader, Sarahchild’s oxford university press,2010 Lawless, Jennifer L , women, war, winning elections: gender stereotyping in the post- September 11th era, political research quarterly, vol,57, no.3, September 2004 Richard A, Bauman, women and politics in Ancient Rome,Routledge,1992 Journal of women, politics policy[1554-477X]call number: PS 619PE, Table of Contents Email alert/RSS
RETHINKING LEARNER SUPPORT IN DISTANCE EDUCATION

Suman Kumari Katoch

Page No.: 11969 - 11981

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 In this paper an attempt has been made to study the status of student support system and highlight the problems faced by the distance learners and some suggestions to address their problems. This paper is the outcome of interaction with distance learners during the PCP of ICDEOL, H. P. University at MLSM College, Sundernagar. Further in this paper a case has been made to rethink and re-plan about the planning and development of human and material resources required in distance education by the end of the 11th five-year plan and beginning of 12th five year plan. The system is all poised for a big leap, and it is at this stage decision makers need to discuss about the strategies to cope with the problems and develop the distance education system in a more relevant and sustainable way. It is established fact that recognizing the qualified human resource is key to sustainable development of any system would result in a system that provides better qualitative outputs and outcomes at a time when the resilience of the system is subjected to test. Not giving thoughts to the needs of the system in terms of the human resources will bring the system more criticisms in implementation than laurels that the theoretical principles of distance education will boast of. As such there is every danger in “Great Plans with little Planning”. In other words every people always try to add value to their competence in their bid to advance their carrier further. Distance Education is also very cheaper to compare with regular mode of education. Distance education has greatly reduced the wall of distance between education and a normal student beyond the long distance of home or work place to university. 
Key Words: Human and Material Resources, Correspondence Education, DEC and Open Learning
 
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Bajaj, K. K. (1977). ‘Student Support Services for Interactive Communication in Distance Education’. University News, Vol. 5, New Delhi, 1977. Bullen, M. ‘Distance Education & Technology Continuing Studies’ 1996. Available at http://www.cstudies.ubc.ca/disted (retrieved 13th May 2012). Chalmers, D., & Fuller, R. (1996). Teaching for Learning at University: Theory and Practice. London: Kogan Page.
PERSPECTIVES OF CHILDREN (7 TO 12 YEARS OLD) TOWARDS WESTERN CLASSICAL AND ENGLISH POPULAR MUSIC EDUCATION IN MUMBAI

Alannah Carol Fernandes & Rhonda Divecha

Page No.: 11982 - 11990

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 The perspectives of children (7 to 12 years) towards selected aspects like the type and description of music classes being attended, attitudes towards their music education, benefits and challenges faced with regards to their western classical and English popular music education in Mumbai and suggestions about some teaching methods/styles that could be incorporated in their music lessons, were explored. Judgmental sampling was used to select the sample size of 40 children. A self-constructed interview schedule was used for the children attending western classical and/or English popular music classes. The data was analysed quantitatively (frequencies) and qualitatively (theme extraction and thick description). The subjects of music classes attended by the children were piano, violin, vocals, guitar, recorder, etc. which were individual and/or in a group. Majority of the children who went for other classes besides their music class stated that they enjoyed their music class the most. The common challenge that was found amongst children was the ‘music practice time’ the child invests in. Through this study, it can be acknowledged that even though Western Classical and English Popular Music education in Mumbai has its challenges, there are multiple overall benefits for children.
Index terms: Music education; Western classical music education; English popular music education.
 
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Creech, A., & Hallam, S. (2000). Interaction in instrumental learning: the influence of interpersonal dynamics on parents.Accessed from http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/2203/1/Creech2009Interaction94.pdf on 22nd December, 2015. Csikszentmihalyi, M., &Rathude, K. (1997). The development of the person: An experiential perspective on the ontogenesis of psychological complexity. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Series Eds.), and R. M. Lerner (Vol. Ed.), Handbook of child psychology, Vol. 1: Theoretical models of Human Development. (pp.648). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
MAHARASHTRA RAJYATIL ABHIYANTRIKI MAHAVIDYALAYACHYA GRANTHALA WEB PAGES DWARA GRANTHALAYATIL UPKRAM V GRANTHALAYANCHYA VIBHAGANCHA ABHYAS

Vikas. S Nagrale

Page No.: 11991 - 11998

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AN EFFECTIVE 5 E LESSON PLAN IN TEACHING PROSE: A MODEL

Sushma N Jogan

Page No.: 11999 - 12009

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 Lesson that come easy are not lessons at all. They are gracious acts of luck. Yet lessons learned the hard way are lessons never forgotten.
-Don William
The present paper illustrates how to plan effectively for teaching prose in English. The design and strategy of the lesson can be planned prior to the teaching class. Teaching prose is something different from other subjects since development of language learning is focused here. So a teacher should emphasis in enriching vocabulary of the class. In order to gather students’ attention in the class a teacher can develop 5E lesson plan. It is a lesson plan based on theory of constructivism. In other words it can also be called as “activity based lesson”. Several studies and research on teaching language reveals that there is a lack of focus on methods, strategies and problems in adhering students’ needs. In this paper the researcher as a trainer understood the problems of trainee teachers in preparing a lesson plan in teaching prose. It is focused on the following objectives such as: to understand the meaning of prose; to follow the steps of lesson plan; to find out the difficulties faced during preparation etc. Research question is also mentioned followed by objectives. The researcher highlighted the importance of activity based plan to involve students in learning. 
Key words: lesson plan, prose, instructional model and inquiry based teaching
 
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Abraham, M. R. (1997). The learning cycle approach to science instruction (Research matters - To the science teacher, No. 9701). Columbia, MO: The National Association for Research in Science Teaching. Lena Ballone Duran (2004), “The 5E instructional model: a learning cycle approach for inquiry-based science teaching”, The Science Education Review, 3(2), 2004
A STUDY OF PROBLEMS FACED BY SCHOOL TEACHERS IN E-LEARNING

Priyanka Kewalramani

Page No.: 12010 - 12022

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Best, J.W. (1989) Research in Education, New Delhi, Sterling Publisher Pvt. Ltd. Buch, M.B. (2000) Fifth Survey of Research in Education Vol.(II) New Delhi, Secretary, NCERT. Boyle, T. (1997) Design for multimedia Learning London: Prentice Hall. D. H, Kisanga. (2016) Determinants of Teacher Attitude Towards E-learning, International review of research Volume 17, Number 5
A STUDY OF INACCURACY IN WRITTEN ENGLISH AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN CBSE SCHOOLS IN BILASPUR (C.G.)

Priyanka Kewalramani

Page No.: 12023 - 12026

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 The objective of present study is to find out inaccuracy in written English among students of CBSE in Class VIII, IX & X. The sample of study consisted of 180 boys and girls selected from Bilaspur City. Data was collected from the selected schools with the help of required tools and findings were mentioned.
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Best, J.W. (1989) Research in Education, New Delhi, Sterling Publisher Pvt. Ltd. Buch, M.B. (2000) Fifth Survey of Research in Education Vol.(II) New Delhi, Secretary, NCERT. Alam, Q.Z. (1995). English Language teaching in India. New Delhi: Atlantic Publishers and Distributors . Jain R.K & Sharma,C.K. Essentials of English Teaching.Agra Vinod Pustak Mandir
A STUDY OF B.ED. TRAINEES’ ATTITUDE TOWARDS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

Pawas Kumar Mandal

Page No.: 12027 - 12033

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 A teacher plays very prominent role in moulding up tomorrow’s citizen, the teachers should possess training in using the most modern technologies in the field of education. So the attitude of teacher trainees is very important as it is a tendency which helps them to be favourable or unfavourable towards the usage of most modern technology in the field of education in future when they go for teaching. Information and communication technology (ICT) has become, within a very short time, one of the basic building blocks of modern society. Many countries now regard understanding ICT and mastering the basic skills and concepts of ICT as part of the core of education, alongside reading, writing and numeracy. Teacher education institutions are faced with the challenge of preparing a new generation of teachers to effectively use the new learning tools in their teaching practices. For many teacher education programmes, this daunting task requires the acquisition of new resources, expertise and careful planning. 
The nature of this paper is based on investigatory study. In this paper, the investigator tried to seek B.Ed. trainees’ attitude towards Information and Communication Technology (ICT). Investigator used questionnaire for data collection at three teacher education institution namely- Lingaya’s Vidyapeeth, Faridabad, Shiv College of Education, Faridabad and Al-Falah University, Faridabad. 
Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Attitude 
 
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Agrawal, J.C. (2010). Elements of Educational Technology and Management. Agra: Agrawal Publications Bhatnagar, A.B. & Bhatnagar, A. (2015). Educational Technology and ICT. Meerut: R. Lall Book Depot. Goyal, H.K. (2002). Computer Science Teaching. Meerut: Surya Publications.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF LEADERSHIP MODELS FOR NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

Anthony Chukwuma Nwali

Page No.: 12034 - 12047

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 The paper intends to explore the impact of leadership on National Development with a focus on Nigeria. The method adopted was a review of ideas developed and drawn from evaluating relevant publications. Leadership is influence-oriented and the style is contingent on the nature of leadership. National development consists of changes in the growth of social, cultural, political and economic factors that can improve and sustain the ever changing and increasing welfare of the citizen. The study noted lack of transparency and corruption in handling public funds, flagrant abuse of constitution among others as factors affecting progress improvements of leaders to nationally develop the country. The study recommends leadership style that appreciates innovative and creative strengths-based, backed with the political will to serve the country selflessly. The contribution of the analysis lies in its identification of appropriate leadership style responsible for poor leadership structure that is affecting national development in Nigeria and the recommendations that can redirect the attention of leaders to think development.
Keywords: Conceptualization, Leadership Models, National Development
 
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Adelman, I. (1995): Social Development in Korea, 1953 – 1993. Paper for the International Conference on the Korea Economy 1945 – 1995. Korea Development Institute, Seoul Aganga, O. (2010). Rising Unemployment rate is unacceptable- Goodluck Jonathan. Business Facts and Figures Magazine Agu, O.C. (2013). Democracy and the cost of governance in Nigeria.;Journal of Culture, Society and Development, vol. 2
DARSHAN ME AHINSA KI AVDHARNA

Varsha Rani Sharma

Page No.: 12048 - 12058

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AADHUNIK YUG ME YOG DARSHAN KA MAHATWA

Varsha Rani Sharma

Page No.: 12059 - 12075

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PRACHIN BHARTIY SHIKSHA PADADHATI KI VARTMAN SAMAY ME NAIMITTIKATA

Atul Kumar & Bharat Kumar Panda

Page No.: 12059 - 12065

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IDENTIFICATION OF THE CURRICULUM EXPECTATIONS OF PHYSICAL SCIENCE CURRICULUM OF WEST BENGAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCATION

Ritendra Roy & Asheesh Srivastava

Page No.: 12066 - 12077

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 Curriculum is an important factor in school education as it provides a frame and a guideline for the various stakeholders. Curriculum expectation is a crucial aspect of curriculum as it defines knowledge and skills, which are expected to be learnt by learners. After review of literature it was found that no study has been done India on curriculum expectation. Therefore the researchers had tried to identify the educational goals, overall and specific curriculum expectations of physical science of WBBSE by using content analysis technique. It was found that the goals of physical science could be classified under three major themes which further defining three overall expectations for each unit. The specific expectations were again the reflection of the respective overall curriculum expectation. The identified goals of science, overall and specific curriculum expectations were discussed in details in this article.
Keywords: physical science curriculum, curriculum expectation, overall expectation, specific expectation, goals of physical science
 
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Dasgupta, C., Majumdar, S. R., & Mukherjee, D. (2017). Elements of Physical Science (3rd ed.). Kolkata, India: Bengal Book Syndicate (P). Government of India. NCERT (2005). National Curriculum Framework. 2005. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training. Government of India. NCERT (2006): Position Paper: National Focus Group on Teaching of Science. New Delhi: National Council of Educational Research and Training. Kola, A. J. (2013). Importance of Science Education to National Development and Problems Militating Against Its Development. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(7), 225-229. doi:10.12691/education-1-7-2 Ministry of Education. Ontario. Canada. (2008). The Ontario Curriculum Grades 9 and 10: Science. Retrieved March 23, 2019, from http://www.edu.gov.on.ca/eng/curriculum/secondary/science910_2008.pdf Yang, L.L., Soprano, K. & McAllister, M. (2012).What are Elementary and Middle School Students Expected to Learn about the Sun and Moon in Taiwan and US? Science Education International 23(3), 241-267. Retrieved April 13, 2015 from http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ997358.pdf
THE INDICTMENT OF AMERICAN DREAM IN DEATH OF A SALESMAN IN RESPONSE TO ARISTOTELIAN DEFINITION OF TRAGEDY

Rabiu Salisu Rabiu

Page No.: 12078 - 12087

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 The character of Willy Loman will be under scrutiny. Aristotle has made several remarks about the definitions of drama, and tragedy as well; he sets down solid parameters about the ‘ideal’ protagonist. Naturally, many have deviated from that character profile. Aristotle often makes clarification about the ‘elevated’ position of his protagonists, and how the protagonist needs to have a tragic flaw “Hamartia” in order to set the stage for his grand downfall, as Aristotle believed that the only true form of drama was tragedy. Willy Loman is quite the painful thumb in this line of thought. His character completely lacks all the hallmarks of any sort of elevated position. His ideals aren’t lofty, nor are his actions grand, but in this abnormality of his lies, greatness, ambitions, and his dreams. His inability to fulfill those dreams is sadly, his tragic flaw, and ultimately, his desire to manifest those dreams around him results in his downfall. 
Keywords: Character, Tragedy, American Dream, Illusion, Suicide.   
 
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Jacobson, Irving. Family Dreams in Death of a Salesman. New York: n. pp 247, 1975. Print. Miller, Arthur. The Norton Anthology: American Literature. Vol. E, in Death of a Salesman, edited by Nina Baym, 2327-2392. New York: Norton and Company, 1949. Print Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. Great Britain: Heinemann Educational Books, 1949. Print Witalec, Janet. Death of a Salesman. Vol. No. 179. Detroit: Gale, 2004. Web 19 March 2019.
THE CHALLENGES ON ENFORCEABILITY OF ONLINE CONTRACT

Prativa Panda & Gagan Kumar Mallick

Page No.: 12088 - 12095

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 With the development of era and the globalization, E-Commerce is an emerging factor for trading world. Online contracts are the contracts which take place through e-commerce, without meeting of the parties to the contract. These contracts are generally very similar to the paper based commercial contracts in which the commercial transactions conducted and concluded electronically through internet.Nevertheless, not all principles of contracts will or can apply in the same manner that they apply in traditional paper-based and oral contracts. But it is a contract of utmost good faith.In India,the recognition of an electronic contract is mainly supported by the Information Technology Act; 2000.The evidentiary value of E-contract has been   well explainedin Indian Evidence Act. Sections 85A 85B, 88A, 90A and 85C of Evidence Act deals with presumptions as to electronic records whereas section 65B relates to the admissibility of electronic records. The e-contracts have their own merits and demerits. On the one hand it reduce costs, saves time, fasten customer response and improve servicequality by reducing paper work, thus increasing automation. However, many aspects of an online Contract, in particular, the requirements of signature and stamping, remain uncertain and confused. Although, many advantages offered by the information technology, a number of challenges have been also posed on the existing legal system. The researcher will make an attempt to analyse the various challenges and legal issues in this paper
Keywords: E-commerce, E-contract, IT Act2000 and Indian Evidence Act.
 
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SARGUJA JILE KE UROV MAHILAO TATHA BACCHO ME KUPOSHAN EANV SWASTHYA KA VISHLESHANATMAK ADHYAYAN

Richa Yadav & Shabana Parveen

Page No.: 12096 - 12100

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GENDER DISCRIMINATION: AN ENDANGERING ISSUE IN INDIA IN THE PRESENT ERA

Pradip Debnath

Page No.: 12101 - 12106

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 In this present era also we have not been able to achieve gender equality. Subordination of women is still a problem, and somewhere men’s subordination also aggravates the problem. Hence the present paper aims at identifying the trends of gender discrimination and strategies to overcome the problem through the instrumental role of education. The study reveals that gender discrimination is found in the society in many dimensions like birth, care, education, employment and politics. Relevant Acts must be implemented, and our mind set up be changed so that not only women subordination but also men subordination can be checked. Education is a great tool in this regard.
Keywords:  Gender Discrimination, Gender Equality, women Subordination, Education.
 
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Blatchford, Iram Siram (1993). Race, Gender and the Education of Teachers. Open University Presss. Census Reports (2001 & 2011). New Delhi, Government of India. Gnandeva, Dr.R. and Sevaraj, Dr. A. (2016) : “Gender Difference in Youth Problem of Students Studying in ADI Drividar Welfare Schools in Cuddalore District”, Journal of Educational Research and Extension, Vol.53, No.1,2016. Kaushal, Savita (2012) : “Bridging the Gap in Girls’ Education through Open Schooling in India : Prospects and Provisions”, Journal of Indian Education, Vol.XXXVIII, No.3, November-2012,NCERT. Khan, Ayaz Ahmad (2014) : “Gender Differences in Science and Mathematics Advancement at the Primary Level—A Case Study”, The Primary Teacher, Vol. XXXIX, No.1 & 2, Jan & Apr, 2014. Mahdi, Dr. Anjum. (2006). Gender, School and Society. New Delhi: Kanishka Publishers & Distributors. Mete, Prof. Jayanta & Others (2017). Gender, School and Society. Kolkata: Rita Book Agency. Shukla, Nidhi and Pandey, Mrinalini (2016) : Glass Ceiling—A Case of Discrimination or A Case of Differentiation ?, Management Insight, Vol. XII, No.1,June, 2016. Website : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrimination_against_girls_in_India
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE WORK-VALUES OF PROSPECTIVE AND IN-SERVICE TEACHERS

Ruchika Verma

Page No.: 12107 - 12115

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 Due to fast expansion of educational facilities at all levels of education, the teacher is expected to understand his/her role in all its dimensions and play it effectively in order to meet the institutional demands.  They have to welcome and accept new thoughts and trends entering in the domain of the educational institution. Generally, the teacher performs three functions, viz., impart instruction, provide examples and put impression on the pupils. A teacher has to present a model performance to watch and imitate so that students take an active part in learning. Besides teaching, the teacher performs much work in the institutions. His work may be a task, a duty, or an accomplishment. It may be a mental, physical or both. The work has not only an economic and mechanical aspects but it also has a psychological aspect. The teachers’ job related behaviour plays a significant role in shaping his work-values. In this reference, the present study will serve in motivating the teachers in analyzing their work environment and in identifying their work-values having positive or negative effect on their working conditions including their task of teaching and other jobs.  The study has certainly unfolded the picture of work-value of the teachers prevailing among themselves.  The findings of the present study may create awareness among teachers towards their work-value.  This may also motivate them to pay their attention in caring and nurturing of those work values of the teachers to those work-values which positively affect on the work-environment in the schools.  
Keywords: Work values, Prospective Teachers, In-service Teachers
 
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Friedlander, F. (1965): Comparative work-value systems. Personal Psychology Garrett. H. (1982): Statistics in Psychology and Education. Kalyani publishers, Ludhiana, India. Havalappanavar, N.B. (1998): Work-values of professionals and Non-profes¬sional Psychological Researches, 1998. Vol. 42. Kalleberg, A.L. (1977): Work-values and job satisfaction. American Sociologi¬cal Review, 1977. Koul, L. (2000): Methodology of Educational Research, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd. Mujeeb, M. (1983): Education and traditional values. Rao, T.V. (1975): Research on work-values. A summary. Indian Educational Review (NCERT), July 1975. Sidhu, K..S. (1998): Methodology of Educational Research. Sterling Publisher Pvt. Ltd. Super, D.E.(1968) : Work-value Inventory (Manual). Boston-Hongton, Miffin Company, 1970. Wallack, S; Cioodale, J.G.; Wijiting, J.P.; and Smith, P.G. (1971): Development of the survey of work-values. Journal of Applied Psychology.
DISSERTATION ON ROLE OF ETHICS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Kalinga Ketaki

Page No.: 12116 - 12133

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Agarwal U C, 2000 "Administrative Corruption: Causes and Cure" in Noorjahan Bava (Ed.) , Public Policy and Administration: Normative Concerns, Uppal, New Delhi, p.432-435 Arora, Ramesh K, (Ed.), 2004. Public Administration: Fresh Perspectives, Aalekh, Jaipur, p.142-146 Bowman, James S; Evam M Berman, and Jonathan P. West, 2001, "The Profession of Public Administration: An Ethics Edge in Introductory Textbooks?" Public Administration Review, No. 61 March/April, p.23-25 Dhameja, Alka, 2003, "Role of Ethics in Public Administration" in Ramesh K Arora, and Tanjul, Saxena (Eds.) , Ethics and Accountability in Government and Business: Aalekh, Jaipur,p.78-81 Gore, A, 1993, From Red Tape to Results: Creating a Government that Works Better and Costs Less, Government Printing Press, Washington D.C,p.90-93 Gore, AI, 1995, 'Common Sense Government Works Better and Costs Less' Government Printing Press, Washington: D.C, p.283-289
APRAGAT VIDHYARTHIYANKARITA SHAIKSHANIK UPKRAM "AVISHKAR GUNDHARM KARYAKRAM"

Shri. Shaikh Shahid Hajaratali & Shrimati. Radhika Inamdar

Page No.: 12134 - 12142

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Around slow learners: an experimental study. Ncert sponsored research. Project report submitted. By. Dr. S. Subramanian. Slow Learners - by RR Borah , Page 1. International Journal of Educational Planning & Administration. ISSN 2249-3093 Volume 3, Number 2 (2013), pp. 139-143. Research India Publications Role_of_teachers_on_helping_slow_learners:www.academia.edu, Volume: 3 | Issue : 3 | March 2014 ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Research Paper Education 30 Methods to Improve Learning Capability in Slow Learners : K. Dasaradhi Research Scholar, RTM Nagpur University Nagpur , ijellh.com/wp- content/uploads/2016/03/60.Dasardhi-paper-final.pdf Role of teachers on helping slow learners to bring out their hidden skills Volume : 3 | Issue : 3 | March 2014 • ISSN No 2277 - 8179 Research Paper Education
CUSTOMER SATISFACTION TOWARDS RELIANCE JIO NETWORK WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO NANDED CITY, MAHARASHTRA

Mr. Krishna Aineniwar & Balaji S. Mudholkar

Page No.: 12143 - 12149

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 In May 2016, Jio launched a set of multimedia applications on Google Play as part of its upcoming 4G services. Jio network is more compatible with most applications available on Google play than other networks which lead JIO to enter the market aggressively. According to the previous literature, the number of observations extracted by previous researchers is lower. Therefore, this paper focuses on knowing the level of customer satisfaction with the use of jio network, by placing it as a main objective. To meet the objective, the research paper prepared a questionnaire for 200 respondents, using a simple random sampling. The results indicate that the respondents are partially satisfied with the use of jio network. The main reason for their partial dissatisfaction is that in case network issue with jio then customers won’t be able to use anything on network while in other operators case customers may use voice calling in absence of data network. Jio operates on VOLTE (VOICE OVER LONG TERM EVOLUTION) network which help customers to connect on video calls without using the data and get the HD(High Definition) quality of voice and video. Free voice calls, roaming charges free network across the country, free applications, free dialer tones, voice clarity, and video call conference are the value added services provided by jio network absolutely free. Detailed work can be done in future on this research paper for better findings and recommendations.
Keywords- VOLTE, HD, 4G, JIO CENTER, JIO POINT.
 
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D. V. A. Aman Banchhor. (2015) www.slideshare.net/ VijayAmkare/Reliance-jio-66729627. M. Ambani, Sep. 2016. [Online]. https://en.wikipedia. org/wiki/Jio Abhisehkumarsing and MalharPangrikar. (2013) A Study Report to find out market potential for 4G Business in Pune. [Online].HYPERLINK "http://www.ripublication.com/gimbs.html" http://www.ripublication.com/gimbs.html AmanBanchhor, Akashdash, and VijayAmkare. (2015) [Online]. "http://www.slideshare.net/vijayamkare/Reliance-jio-66729627" RajanDrmlani, "Customer staisfaction towards Reliance jio Project," 2015. Pereira and Jonathan, "high-speed free Wi-Fi service in Indore," 2015. T.N.R.Kavitha and S. D. Murugan, "A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Vodafone," p. 29–32, 2015. D. K. Pandiya, B. Kumar, and M. H. Choudhury, "A Study of Customer satisfaction on Telecom Service Providers," vol. III, no. 5, pp. 57-60, May 2015.
UCCH MADHYAMIK VIDHYALAYON KI JEEVANSHAILI KO PRABHAVIT KARNEVALE KARKON KA ADHYAYAN

Moolchand Meena & Prof. Saroj Garg

Page No.: 12150 - 12158

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www.lifestyle.com www. shodhaganga.com www.indian desrtation.com www.raj.partika.com
MILTON’S TENURE OF KINGS AND MAGISTRATES: AN ANALYSIS

Neelam Kumar Sharma

Page No.: 12159 - 12164

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 The present paper is an attempt to search Milton’s ethico-political aims and religious duties reflected through his prose work The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. This article also tries to look in to the depth of the view of the writer that “the people had the write to depose and punish tyrants”, expressed in the above mentioned pamphlet.
Keywords:  political, religious, tenure, king, magistrate, depose, execute.
 
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Complete Prose Works of John Milton volume 1. Edited by Don M. Wolfe (New Haven: Yale university press,1953) cited as yale Prose. Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. John Milton Allison William Talbot ( New York, Henry Holt and co., 1911). Sharma, Neelam K “ The Christian Tradition in Milton’s Prose pamphlets ‘Contemporary vibes, jan.-March 2011, vol-no-06 Areopagitica Ed. S.C. Agrawal. Bareilly Prakash Book Depot. Mark Pattison, 1966, Milton, Ludhiana Layall Book Depot. John Milton, 1974. Prose Writings. London: dent.
SHIKSHKANCYA AAROGYA VISHAYAK SAVYICHA ABHYAS

Prakash A Jagtap

Page No.: 12165 - 12168

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A CASE STUDY OF PLACENTA PREVIA WITH PLACENTA PERCRETA

Akanksha Ved Prakash Pandey & Dr. Manda Sanjog Ghorpade

Page No.: 12169 - 12174

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 Placenta percreta the rarest and most severe form of placenta accreta, can involve the urinary bladder. Because of its propensity for severe hemorrhage, it is a potentially life threatening condition. Although commonly diagnosed at the time of delivery, antenatal diagnosis may be achieved with  ultrasound , magnetic resonance imaging and cystoscopy . Every attempt should be made to minimize potential for blood loss by avoiding removal of placenta at the time of delivery and either performing a hysterectomy  or using methotrexate therapy to ablate the residual placenta in the post partum  period . 
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Jauniaux ,E, Jurkovic , D.Placenta accreta : Pathogenesis of a 20th century iatrogenic uterine disease .Placenta. 2012 ; 33:244-251.[PumMed] [Google Scholar] Jauniaux, E, Collins ,S,Burton ,GJ.The placenta accreta spectrum :Pathophysiology and evidence –based anatomy for prenatal ultrasound imaging . Am J Obstet Gynecol.2017;pii:S0002-9378(17)30731-7 http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2017.05.067 Wong Hs , Cheung YK ,Zuccollo J ,Tait J, Pringle K.C.Evaluation of sonographic diagnostic criteria for placenta accreta ,J Clin Ultrasound 2008 ,9:551-9 . Case control level II-2. Martin JA ,Hamilton B.E,Ventura SJ Births :Final data for 2001 ,National Centre for Health Statistics 2002. Federiksen MC ,Glassenberg R, Stika C.S. Placenta previa :A 22 years Analysis.Am J obset Gyenecol 2009;180:1432.
HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER DEVELOPMENT: AN INVITATION TO DISASTERS?

Mohinder Kumar Slariya

Page No.: 12175 - 12183

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ELECTRIC VEHICLES: REVIEW ON CURRENT TRENDS, POTENTIAL AND CHALLENGES

Shivangi Kaushik

Page No.: 12184 - 12189

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 With the increase of the effect of global warming, the automobile industry globally is shifting towards environmentally friendly vehicles with better range and performance than that of conventional vehicles. Electric vehicles can be considered that effective solution to reduce the greenhouse effect. Though various researches on the attributes and characteristics of Electric vehicle are going on even then the development and modeling of Electric vehicle is not at the required level.
This article describes the concepts, market, characteristics, trends, challenges, and future of Electric vehicle. This article also aims to highlight and suggest some solutions for the challenges that are ahead of us.
Keywords: Electric vehicles, current trends, location studies, market potential, future research
 
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Hacker F, Harthan R, Matthes F, et al. Environmentalimpacts and impact on the electricity market of a large scale introduction of electric cars in Europe – criticalreview of literature. ETC/ACC technical paper 2009/4, 2009, pp.56–90, http://acm.eionet.europa.eu/docs/ETCACC_TP_2009_4_electromobility.pdf Artmeier A, Haselmayr J, Leucker M, et al. The shortestpath problem revisited: optimal routing for electric vehicles. In: Dillmann K, Beyerer J, Hanebeck UD, et al. (eds) KI 2010: advances in artificial intelligence. Berlin: Springer, 2010, pp.309–316. Morrow K, Karner D and Francfort J. Plug-in hybridelectric vehicle charging infrastructure review. Battelle Energy Alliance, 2008, pp.1–34, http://avt.inel.gov/pdf phev/phevInfrastructureReport08.pdf Kurani KS, Heffner RR and Turrentine T. Driving pluginhybrid electric vehicles: reports from U.S. drivers of HEVs converted to PHEVs, circa 2006–07. Transport Res Rec 2009; 2139: 38–45. Bai S, Yu D and Lukic S. Optimum design of an EV/PHEV charging station with DC bus and storage system. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE energy conversion congress and exposition (ECCE), Atlanta, GA, 12–16 September 2010, pp.1178–1184. New York: IEEE. Qiu GB, Liu WX and Zhang JH. Equipment optimizationmethod of electric vehicle fast charging station based on queuing theory. ApplMech Mater 2013; 291–294: 872–877. Botsford C and Szczepanek A. Fast charging vs. slowcharging: pros and cons for the new age of electric vehicles.In: Proceedings of the EVS24 international battery, hybrid and fuel cell electric vehicle symposium, Stavanger,Norway, 13–16 May 2009, pp.1–9. Kuby M and Seow L. The flow-refueling location problemfor alternative-fuel vehicles. Socio Econ Plan Sci 2005; 39: 125–145. Kuby M and Lim S. Location of alternative-fuel stationsusing the flow-refueling location model and dispersion ofcandidate sites on arcs. Netw Spat Econ 2007; 7: 129–152. Upchurch C, Kuby M and Lim S. A model for locationof capacitated alternative-fuel stations. Geogr Anal 2009; 41: 85–106. Hidrue MK, Parsons GR, Kempton W, et al. Willingnessto pay for electric vehicles and their attributes. Resour Energy Econ 2011; 33: 686–705. He F, Wu D, Yin YF, et al. Optimal deployment of publiccharging stations for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Transport Res B: Meth 2013; 47: 87–101.
REFLECTIONS ON THE PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

Prakash Bhausaheb Salavi

Page No.: 12190 - 12196

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 The Indian leaders were aware of the need of revolution in the political status of India, but at the same time, they were deeply concerned with the basic problems of the form and character of their future free society and their new culture. Therefore, the question of social reconstruction was discussed in its depth and that of culture from the viewpoint of the consequences of the impact of the west on the traditional and the emergence of the modern. Indian independence was not regarded as a matter of bread and butter alone, but far more as a search for the new ideals of life. In short, the question was what the Indian to live and die for was. 
20th century witnessed the grand narrative of human freedom and Swaraj. Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Rabindranath Tagore, Aurobindo Ghose, M. K. Gandhi, Mahmud-al-Hasan and B.R. Ambedkar were few of the stalwarts that defined what meant “Indian Renaissance”.  For them Culture, Education and the makings of Indian Nationalism were intertwined. 
These men were not merely political leaders, they were equally makers of opinion and their importance has to be judged as much by the ideas – moral, social and political, which they propounded as by the activities, which they organized. Nationalism, at least then, meant moral nationalism. Morality was the base of education and nation making. 
The question is: Have we forgotten this today? 
 
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SANSHODHAN PRASHN V SANSHYODHAN UDDISHT MANDANI

H. D. Chitte

Page No.: 12197 - 12198

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BLENDED LEARNING: A FLIPPED CLASSROOM EXPERIMENT

Syed Shamshuddin Muzzammil

Page No.: 12198 - 12205

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 The present study tries to find out the effectiveness of the Flipped classroom strategies in learning mathematics among secondary teacher trainees. The study was conducted to develop a Video lesson for the methods of teaching mathematics and experimenting the same with a set of trainees studying in the B.Ed. and finding out its effectiveness over the conventional method of teaching. Two equivalent group experimental-designs are employed for this study. The investigator has chosen 46 B.Ed. trainees for the study. According to the scoring of pre-test, 23 students were chosen as control group and 23 students were chosen as experimental group. Finally, the investigator concludes that; (a) there was significant difference between control and experimental group students in their gain scores. That is the experimental group student is better than control group students are in their gain scores, and (b) there was significant difference between control and experimental group students in their gain scores for attainment of the knowledge, understanding, and application objectives.
Keywords: Flipped Teaching, Mathematics, Learning Performance.
 
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Aggarwal, Y.P. (1990). Statistical methods: Concept application and computation. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. Annie James (2005). Teaching of mathematics, New Delhi: Neel Kamal Publications, Pvt. Ltd. Deepak. K. Srivastava & Anval. (2008). E-Learning: A New Way of Education, University News, 43(26), 12. Krishna Sagar. (2005). Digital Technology in Education, New Delhi: Authors Press. Naseema, C. (2004). From Black Board to the Web, New Delhi: Kanishka publishers, Distributors. Rachna Rathore. (2008). Effective teaching through e-learning, Edutracks, 6(12), 8. Sharma, B.M. (2004). Net oriented education, New Delhi: Akansha Publishing House. Thiyagu, K. & Arulsekar, J.M. (2007). Information and Communication Technology, Tamilnadu: Prophet Publishers. Thiyagu, K. (2011). M-learning is the future learning. Edutracks, 8(6), 1-3.
RACIAL CONSCIOUSNESS IN THE POETRY OF LANGSTON HUGHES

Vijay D. Mangukiya

Page No.: 12206 - 12212

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 Afro-Americans were not originally Americans, but they were forcefully brought to America as slave to work in the fields. They neither displayed any indication of going home back nor did they want to stay in a foreign land. They were pitilessly kept captivated like animals for gratifying the needs of White people. They remained helpless lot suffering from the evils of slavery in the hands of their cruel masters. Theirs was a very miserable condition as neither they could go back to their homeland not they could live with dignity within the White camp. They were deprived of their basic rights. The literatures produced by the Afro-American writers underscore the horrible life of poor Blacks in the USA thrown into the dark, shady, and the seedy place. One of such figures is Langston Hughes of Harlem Renaissance period. Through his poetry, he has created a new, egalitarian world that is free from racial consciousness and segregation. A close study of Hughes’ poetry reveals that he was preoccupied with his perception of the Black life, Black experience, their protest and resistance.
Keywords: Racial Consciousness, Black or Blacks, Marginalization, segregation, Afro-Americans
 
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“Harlem Renaissance.” Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Ultimate Reference Suite. Chicago: Encyclopædia Britannica, 2012. Hughes, Langston. “The South.” The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Ed. Arnold Rampersad and David Roessel. Vintage Classics: New York, n.d.: 26. Pdf. ---. “The South.” The Collected Poems of Langston Hughes. Ed. Arnold Rampersad and David Roessel. Vintage Classics: New York, n.d.: 323-324. Pdf. ---. "Trumpet Player." Poem by Langston Hughes. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Aug. 2016. < https://www.poemhunter.com/best-poems/langston-hughes/trumpet-player/> ---.“Let America be America Again”. The Poetry of the Negro: 1746-1970 An Anthology. Ed. Langston Hughes and Anna Bontemps. Doubleday & Company: Ney York, 1970: 193. Print. ---. “Mother to Son”. The Poetry of the Negro: 1746-1970 An Anthology. Ed. Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps. Doubleday & Company: Ney York, 1970: 186. Print.
EVALUATION OF EFFECTIVENESS OF NALI KALI PROGRAM IN SHIVAMOGGA DISTRICT – KARNATAKA

Devaraja Y & V. D. Aiholli

Page No.: 12213 - 12219

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Altinyelken, H. (2010), Curriculum change in Uganda: teacher perspectives on the new thematic curriculum, International Journal of Educational Development, 30:151–161. Alt?nyelken, H.K. (2010), Changing pedagogy: A comparative analysis of reform efforts in Ugandaand Turkey, Dissertation, Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences, University of Amsterdam. Bandyopadhyay, M. (2012), Gender and School Participation: Evidences from Empirical Research in Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh, NUEPA Occasional Paper 41, NUEPA, New Delhi. Banerjee, A. and Duflo, E. (2011), Poor Economics: Rethinking Poverty And The Ways To End It, Random House India.
PATH TO CLIMATE COOPERATION: AN UNDERSTANDING THROUGH A GAME-THEORETIC MODEL

Sushmita Patro

Page No.: 12220 - 12223

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 This article tries to describe with example a simple game theory that is Prisoners’ Dilemma & Free riding problem. It also describes how, and in what way, does the Prisoner’s Dilemma & Free riding problems explain the interaction among usually rational agents, the formulation of hypotheses about their behaviour and the prediction of the results of each interaction. It consists of an individual paying a cost in order to benefit another individual. However, natural selection describes individuals as being selfish and in competition among themselves forgetting the environmental ethics.
Keywords: Game theory, Prisoners’ Dilemma, Free riding problem, Climate Cooperation
 
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https://nyuelj.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Hsu-Game-Theoretic-Model.pdf https://phys.org/news/2011-01-greenhouse-gas-emissions-game-theory.html https://blogs.cornell.edu/info2040/2011/09/26/using-game-theory-to-reduce-greenhouse-gas-emissions/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov › pmc › articles › PMC3179105 Lorenzo Cioni, Game theory as a tool for the management of environmental problems and agreements,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa Largo B. Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy. The Economics of Climate Change – C 175 Why Is the Nash Equilibrium So Important?,By QUORA CONTRIBUTOR Iyyanki V. Muralikrishna, Valli Manickam, in Environmental Management, 2017 https://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/prisoners-dilemma.asp https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/anthroscape/cyclists-don-t-help-the-western-economy-t88939.html http://www.scientificamerican.com/article.cfm?id=game-theorist-predicts-failure-at-climate-talks http://opim.wharton.upenn.edu/~clemons/blogs/prisonersblog.pd
QUALITY ENHANCEMENT IN EDUCATION THROUGH TECHNOLOGY BASED LEARNING

Firdous Jahan

Page No.: 12224 - 12229

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 Technology primarily based teaching develops the training skills. Existing E – resources search for developing our learning skills. E – Resources have vital roles to play in E-learning and thus it provides how for developing wonderful learning skills. Here data and communication Technology could be a numerous set of technology tools and resources wont to produce, communicate, manipulate, store and manage data and information.The advancement of science and Technology has revolutionized the communication method, thus data and communication Technology ought to kind on integral a part of the education. 
Here Technology-based learning(TBL) constitutes learning via electronic technology, together with the web, intranets, satellite broadcasts, audio and video conferencing, bulletin boards, chat rooms, webcasts, and CD-ROM. TBL conjointly encompasses connected terms, like E-learninglikeonline learningand web-based learningthat solely embody learning that happens via the web, and computer-based learningthat is restricted to learning through the utilization of computers. E-learningis similar with TBL and has for the most part replaced it in each aspects of the life because the term of alternative. From the learners’ purpose of read, TBL are often self-paced and matched to the learner’s wants, and, building on pedagogy that emphasizes the deserves of discovery learning, it offers the prospect of promoting larger comprehension and retention, significantly for complicated materials, as a result of its clear opportunities for the active manipulation after all materials and therefore the use of simulations and game-playing. maybe for these reasons, TBL has witnessed marked growth within the coaching marketplace in government, industry, and education.
Keywords: E-Learning, Quality Enhancement, Education, Technology Based Learning.
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http://www.leaonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15389286ajde1902_2 http://www.adlnet.org/technologies/gaming/ http://www.learningcircuits.org/glossary.html http://chronicle.com/free/v47/i23/23a04101.htm#ways http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=articles&article=22-1 http://www.elearningguild.com/pdf/1/values_survey_results_-_final.pdf http://www.clomedia.com http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/erm0352.pdf http://projectideal.org
LIBERATION OF THE TRAPPED HOUSEWIFE: A STUDY OF BETTY FRIEDAN’S “THE FEMININE MYSTIQUE”

Anupama Sharma

Page No.: 12230 - 12233

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 Although in today’s modern women have been entering the salaried, profitable and professional world  in large numbers, yet there is still a quota of women, be it educated or uneducated , who still performs the role of a housewife or a homemaker( the term used in modern times). “A Housewife” literally stands for a woman who is not a part of any profitable or honorary job. In many countries around the world this is considered to be the best job for a woman. Taking care of her home, children and husband is considered to be her first and foremost duty. Liberation of women from this ‘ tag’ has been done by many feminist writers and the efforts are going on all over the world to free the “Trapped Housewife” and make her realize her potentialities. And as a result she is performing the double duty of working outside for herself and inside for the family, thus procuring for her the title “The Homemaker”. 
Keywords- Liberation, housewife, homemaker, trapped.
 
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The Vintage Book of Feminism; Miriam Schneir The Mystique Feminine; Betty Friedan “The Happy Housewife Heroine”. The Feminine Mystique
THE EFFECT OF YOGA AND MEDITATION ON HEALTH OF WOMEN IN SANGAMNER (M.S.)

Kamal Dhakane

Page No.: 12234 - 12237

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 The purpose of the study was intended to assess the Effect of Yoga and meditation on health of women. For this purpose twenty women from Sangamner Town, Maharashtra state in age group of 30-56 years were selected. They were divided into two equal groups, each group consist of 10 women, in which group-I belong to yoga practices and meditation and group –II acted as control group who were not allowed to participated and receive any special treatment apart from their regular work. The training period for this study was seven days a week for twelve weeks.  Before and after the training period, the subjects were tested for Body health. The paired means differ significantly. It was drawn conclusions that after the training of yoga Group I produced better results. Yoga incorporates many breathing exercises, which could help improve breathing and lung function. yoga may stimulate the nerve and reduce migraine intensity and frequency. Increases flexibility. Practicing yoga can help to improve hormonal balance, depression, chronic pain,  stress, blood pressure, fatigue, Anger, Backbone pains, weight etc.
Keywords: physical exercise, Meditation, health.
 
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Khalsa SBS. Yoga as a therapeutic intervention: a bibliometric analysis of published research studies. Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. 2004;48(3):269–285. Pilkington K, Kirkwood G, Rampes H, Richardson J. Yoga for depression: the research evidence. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2005;89(1-3):13–24.
PANDIT DINDAYAL UPADHYAY KA RAJNAITIK DARSHAN

Anu Yadav

Page No.: 12238 - 12241

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CONDUCTOMETRIC AND THERMODYNAMIC STUDIES OF TERNARY COMPLEXES OF SOME TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES WITH IMINO DIACETIC ACID AND 2- PICONOLIC ACID

Bhoopendra Singh

Page No.: 12242 - 12249

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 Mixed ligand complexes of some transition metals CuII, NiII, CoII and ZnII have been investigated potentiomet rically in aqueous solution of Imino diacetic acid and 2-Piconolic acid at 298.15 k and 313.15 k. The ionic strength of 0.1 mol dm-3 was kept constant using KNO3. The stability constant of these 1:1:1 ternary complexes have been evaluated by the computational methods. The relative order of stability has been observed in accordance with the increasing ф= charge/radius ratio. The changes in the thermodynamic parameters (ΔG0, ΔH0, ΔS0) have also been calculated under the same conditions.
Keywords: Potentiometrically, Thermodynamic Parameters.
 
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D.R. Willians, Chem. Rev., 72, 203 (1972). R.D. Chillard, Inorg. Chem. Acta. Rev., 69 (1967). S.P. Mittal, S.K. Sharma, R.Y. Singh and J.P. Tondon, Curr. Sci., 52, 483 (1981). N.B. Das, A. Nayak, B.B. Mahaputra and A.K. Mittra, J.Ind. Chem. Soc., 58, 337 (1981). D.S. Rao and M.C. Gamarkar, J.Ind. Chem. Soc., 58, 217 (1981). G. Schwiz, Z. Allg. Pathol. U. Bacteriol., 14, 338 (1951). R.E. Freney, Arch. Bio Chem., Bio Phys., 34, 156 (1951).
GRAMIN ARTHIK VIKAS MAIN SHETRIYA GRAMIN BANKO KI BHUMIKA KE PRATI DRUSHTIKON

Riya Yadav

Page No.: 12250 - 12254

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PRADHANMANTI KAUSHLYA VIKAS YOJANAANTARGAT PRASHIKSHAN KENDRO PAR, PRASHIKSHAN – GUNVATA KE PRATI ABHIMAT

Yogesh Yadav

Page No.: 12250 - 12259

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ALIGADH MUSLIM VISHWAVIDYALAYA : SAMAJIK NYAY PAR UTHATE SAWAL

Binit Kumar Sinha

Page No.: 12260 - 12269

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KANYA BHRUN HATYA KI ROK THAM ME SARKARI EANV GAIR SARKARI SANGTHANO KI BHUMIKA

Aradhana Sinh

Page No.: 12270 - 12275

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E - SERVICES OF LIBRARY IN ONLINE EDUCATION IN COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Vandana Saraswat

Page No.: 12275 - 12283

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The current theoretical paper discuss in E-services of Library in Online Education, its meaning, role of libraries in needs of online education modules forms, technologies, components motivating factors virtual communication tools. Internet is a treasure and ocean of worldwide information. Internet is not only a medium for digital communication but also the world’s largest repository of information. It provides access to variety of commercial and non-commercial information sources including on-line journals, books, newsletters, library catalogues etc. The study imbibe on overview about the present status, development prospects of the electronic education, its different types i.e. on-line education, virtual education, e-learning methodology, e-learner and components like e- learning tool, e-learning resource, on-line resource and storage media, e-digital resource, e-learning web sites, e-library, virtual library, on-line library in COVID19 pandemic. Hear also discloses the effectiveness, qualities, cost effectiveness, economics, various e-learning program, future of e-learning and its various aspects, prospects and different feathers of the electronic education in COVID19 pandemic. Key Words: E – Services, Library, Online Education, Covid-19 Pandemic
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Agar, R. (1998). Information and Communication Technology in Primary Schools: Children or Computer in Control? London: David Fulton Publishers. Ashraf, T. (2004). Library services in electronic environment: changes, challenges, issues and strategies. Kaveri Books., p130. Baby, M. D., & Seakale, S. (2007). Library and Information Science Education in Kerala: Quantity vs Quality: A Case Study of Rajagiri School of Library and Information Science. NACLIN 2007 New Delhi: DELNET
SCHOOL HEALTH EDUCATION IN TRIBAL AREA MAHARASHTRA: SUSTANIBILITY APPROACH

Sanjay Shrirang Choudhary & Prof. Manoj Kar

Page No.: 12284 - 12289

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We always say 'health is a wealth'. Health is also an asset. Everyone needs health and a healthy life. But at the same time, one has to think about how to improve the health of one's family, society and the surrounding area. To live a healthy life, a person needs to pay close attention to other factors. Health is the birthright of every person. But it is also a part of duty. In order to achieve this health, the individual and the society need to be aware. Health knowledge and its application can be imparted through health education. The nation desperately needs the nation as an alternative to the person who has acquired health wealth. National work is done by a healthy person. There is a need to create health awareness in every person in the nation. This awareness can be developed through education. Health is a tool for the betterment of the individual and the nation. Considering the importance of health education in this regard, there is an urgent need for everyone to work. . Health education is important in introducing all these to the students and motivating them to take action, creating health motivation in their minds and making them healthy citizens of tomorrow. In view of the above, the present research paper emphasized on to find out how the health education is imparted at the school level, what the problems are there and to study the school health education. Key Words: - Health Education, School Health Education, Tribal area, Policies.
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A Report by WHO. (2008) Retrieved from http://www/ who.en A report of ministry of Education curriculum Wing. Gov. of Pakistan, Islamabad, Augustine, Ojugo, (2005). Ph. D. Ambrose Alli Uni. Nigeria. Best, J. W. & Kahn, JU. (1986) Research in Education, Augustine, Ojugo, (2005) Ph.D. Ambrose Alli Uni. Nigeria. Best, J.W. & Kahn, J.U. (1986) Research in Education. New Delhi : Printice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. Buch, M.B. (1974) A survey of Research in Education (Ist ed.) New Delhi:NCERT. Committee & Commission, (1948 to 1986) Retrived, http://nihw/org/
IMPACT OF “THE WOMEN RESERVATION (IN SERVICES) BILL, 2016” ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT

Chandra Pal

Page No.: 12290 - 12293

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Basu D.D : (2007) : “The Constitution of India ; Wadhwa Press, NAGPUR Page32 Rathore G.: (2005): “Sociological Statistics: VivekPub. DELHI. page87 Singh N.S.:(2006): “Evaluation of Empowerment of dalits in U.P.” Published research paper in Samajik Sahyog ; Magazine ,UJJAIN, M.P. page 43 Khare P K & Talha (2007): Indian Constitution, Naman Press, Allahabad., page 301
WALMIKI RAMAYAN ME VARNIT AADARSHVAD KI VARTMAN PRAGIKATA (EK SAMIKSHA)

Birpal Singh

Page No.: 12294 - 12299

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GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF WATER EROSIONAT DISTRICT LEVEL IN INDIA

Neerja Asthana

Page No.: 12300 - 12307

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The general objective of this paper was to study the hot spots of covid - 19 – epidemic at district level in Uttar Pradesh during1st May 2020 to 1st June2021. Four specific objectives were set as the first to know the Trend of Covid Cases in Uttar Pradesh, the second was to map the Hotspots for Confirmed and death Cases, third to analyse the relationship between Confirmed & Diseased cases and finally the fourth to know the spatial pattern of the residuals obtained from studied relationship. COVID19-India API dataset was used for conformed and death Cases at district level in Uttar Pradesh.The results show the overall trend of the confirmed cases and death cases was strongly positive with r2 values of 0.76 & 0.98 respectively. The six hot spots for confirmed cases were identified as 01 at 99%, 03 at 95% & 02 at 90% confidence level. The six hot spots for death cases were identified as 03 at 99%, 02 at 95% & 01 at 90% confidence level.The results of the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) linear regression show the strong positive relationship in between both the variables. There were 11 districts below - 0.5 Std. Dev (standard deviation) and 11 districts above + 0.5 Std. Deviation. The results of Probability (p < 0.01) and Robust Probability (p < 0.01) indicate coefficient is statistically significant. Spatial pattern of the residuals with p-value (0.037097) is statistically significant, and the z-score (2.084691) is positive. So, spatial distribution of residual’s high values and/or low values in the dataset is more spatially clustered. Results indicate the districts in central part were more affected due to Covid-19 in Uttar Pradesh. This work will help to identify the more variables to explain the variability in the covid-19 cases in Uttar Pradesh. Keywords: COVID19,Geostatistical analysis, Hot Spot Analysis.
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Census of India (2021). Retrieved June 13, 2021, from Censusindia.gov.in website: https://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/area_and_population.aspx COVID-19. (2020, March 16). Retrieved June 9, 2021, from MyGov.in website: https://www.mygov.in/covid-19 Dagnino, R., Weber, E. J., &Panitz, L. M. (2020). Monitoramento do Coronavírus (Covid-19) nosmunicípios do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. SocArXiv. March, 28. De Angel Sola, D. E., Wang, L., Vázquez, M., & Méndez?Lázaro, P. A. (2020). Weathering the pandemic: How the Caribbean Basin can use viral and environmental patterns to predict, prepare, and respond to COVID?19. Journal of medical virology, 92(9), 1460-1468. Express News Service. (2021, June 12). UP: Active cases drop below 10,000 as aggressive jab strategy continues to slow Covid spread. Retrieved June 13, 2021, from The Indian Express website: https://indianexpress.com/article/cities/lucknow/up-active-cases-drop-below-10000-as-aggressive-jab-strategy-continues-to-slow-covid-spread-7356477/ Mallapaty, S. (2021). India’s massive COVID surge puzzles scientists. Nature, 592(7856), 667–668. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-01059-y Firstpost. (2020, August 6). Uttar Pradesh reports. Retrieved June 12, 2021, from Firstpost website: https://www.firstpost.com/india/uttar-pradesh-reports-4586-fresh-coronavirus-infections-61-deaths-in-24-hours-total-cases-cross-1-lakh-8680461.html Ghosh, A., Nundy, S., & Mallick, T. K. (2020). How India is dealing with COVID-19 pandemic. Sensors International, 1, 100021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sintl.2020.100021 Guan, W. J., Ni, Z. Y., Hu, Y., Liang, W. H., Ou, C. Q., He, J. X., ... & Zhong, N. S. (2020). Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. New England journal of medicine, 382(18), 1708-1720.
EFFECT OF NPK COMBINATION ON AVAILABLE P, K &S NUTRIENTS IN SOIL UNDER RICE, WHEAT CROP ROTATION

Rajesh Kishor Tripathi

Page No.: 12300 - 12304

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Available phosphorus content greatly influenced by increasing application of NPK, the availability of phosphorus in soil enhanced by 37, 62, 89 and 101 per cent with fertilizer application of N40P20K20 , N80P 40K40 ,N120 P60K60 and N160P 80K 80 respectively, compared with no fertilizer-control. Over a period of 4 years, the phosphorus content increased by 32 per cent with fertilizer application whereas it is decrease by 17 per cent in plot receiving no fertilizer as compared to phosphorus content in soil at the starting of experiment (8.0 ppm). Available potassium content of soil increased with application of NPK. The content of potassium in soil increased by 10 per cent in plots receiving NPK fertilizers continuously whereas potassium content declined by 14 per cent in the plot receiving no fertilizer as compared to value of 93.23 ppm in fertilized plot and 95.62 ppm in unfertilized plot after harvesting of wheat . The availability of sulphur in soil, in general, increased progressively with increasing doses of NPK, and highest content of sulphur was found with the highest application of NPK fertilizer (N160P80K80). The availability of sulphur in control on the basis of average of 7 crop seasons reduced to the extent of 11 per cent.
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Black, C.A. (1965). Methods of Soil Analysis Part -2 Agron.No.9 Ant. Soc. Agron Madison Wisconsin. Chaudhry, M.L.; Singh, J.P. and Narwal, R.P. (1981) .Effect of long torm application of P and K and FYM on some soil chemical properties. J.Indian Soc. Soil Sci. 22:81-85. Cheng, B.T. (1970). Manganese availability in soil. Centre de Recherché, pare, Colbert, Minister de 1 Agriculture du quebec, Cenada (C.F. soil and Ferti.1971, 3416) Chesnin, Leon, and Yien, C.H. (1950). Turbidimetric determination. of available sulphate. Soil Sci.Soc. Am Proc. 15:149-51. Das,S.K. and Datta, H.P. (1973). Sulphur fertilization for increased production and grain quality .Fert, News-18: 3-7. Ghosh, A, B. (1980). Sulphur in relation to soil and crop situation in India. Fert, News. 25:36-39. Gupta,S.K. and Rangkar, Y.B. (1970). Effect of superphosphate and FYM on available manganese in two soil types of Madhya Pradesh. Madras Aurio, J. 57:238-240. Hazra, C.R. and Tripathi,S.B. (1986). Soil properties micro meteorological parameters, forage yield and phosphorus uptake of berseem as influenced by phosphate application under Agro-forestry system of production. J.Agron. Crop Sci. 156145-152. Kanwar, J.S. and Takkar,P.N. (1963). Sulphur,phosphorus and nitrogen deficiency in tea soils of Punjab. J.Agric.Sci. 331 291-295.
JAIV VIVIDHATA KI PARYAVARAN SANSAKSHAN ME MAHATWAPURN BHUMIKA

Padama Tripathi

Page No.: 12305 - 12314

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VAIDIK SANDARBH ME SHARIRIK SHIKSHA TATHA KHELON KI SAMAYIK PRAKRUTI

Sunil Singh Sengar

Page No.: 12315 - 12321

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SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS

Kalpana Chaturvedi & Smita Chaturvedi

Page No.: 12322 - 12334

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A series of biologically active organophosphorus compounds have been synthesized by the reactions of Phenylphosphonic dichloride/ 4-Chlorophenyl dichlorophosphate with 5-substituted -2-mercapto-1,3,4-oxadiazole ligands. The compounds have been characterized on the basis of elemental analyses and spectral (IR, 1H NMR 31P NMR) data. All the compounds were screened for their antimicrobial activity .They were found to possess significant anti-microbial activity. Keywords: Organophosphorus, oxadiazole, IR, NMR, anti-microbial activity.
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Malladi, S. et al., Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2014, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2013.12.020 Amir, M. and Kumar, S. Acta Pharmaceutica. 2007, 57, 31-45. Narayana, B., Vijayaraj, K.K., Ashlatha, B.V. and Kumari, N.S. Archiv der Pharmazie. 2005, 338, 373-377. Omar, F.A., Mahfouz, N.M. and Rahman, M.A. European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 1996, 31, 819-825. Ali, M.A. and Yar, M.S. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 2007, 17, 3314-3316.
CLIMATE CHANGES AND RAINFALL VARIABILITY IN DISTRICT ETAWAH OF UTTAR PRADESH DURING LAST DECADE (2011 TO 2020)

ShivRaj Singh Yadav

Page No.: 12335 - 12339

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The district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh is in the tropical monsoon zone and receives plenty of rainfall as most of the annual rainfall during the monsoon season every year. However, the rainfall is having high temporal and spatial variability and due to the impact of climate changes there are significant changes in the mean rainfall pattern and their variability as well as in the intensity and frequencies of extreme rainfall events. The result of the analysis based on the rent 10 years of data (2011-2020) on the mean local rainfall pattern as well as mean local pattern of different rainfall events, trends and variability as well as extreme rainfall events during the monsoon months and annual for the district Etawah of Uttar Pradesh state. Key Words: Rainfall trend, variability, extreme events, dry days.
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Narang RS and Virmani SM (2001) Rice-wheat cropping systems of the Indo Gangetic Plains of India. Rice-Wheat Consortium Paper Series 11. Rice-Wheat Consortium for the Indo-Gangetic Plains, New Delhi, India, and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Andhra Pradesh, India. p. 36 Mishra B, Sastri ASRAS, Aggarwal HP, Das DK and Gupta RK. (2003) Climatic potential and on-farm yield trends of rice and wheat in the Indo- Gangetic Plains. Field Crops Res. 80(3):223-234. Pathak H, Aggarwal PK and Singh SD (Eds) (2012) Climate Change Impact, Adaptation and Mitigation in Agriculture: Methodology for Assessment and Applications. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. Aggarwal PK (Eds.) (2012) Low carbon technologies for agriculture: A study on rice and wheat production systems in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. p. xvii + 78.
INDIAN HIGHER EDUCATION & DEVELOPING SKILL FOR 21CENTURY

Rachita Subrat Ratho

Page No.: 13072 - 13079

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MADHYAMIK STAR KE VIDHYARTHI KE PARIVARIK VATAVARAN KA SANVEGATMAK PARIPAKVTA PAR PRABHAV KA ADHYAYAN

Prof. P. S. Tyagi & Ali Raza

Page No.: 12345 - 12353

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MINDFULNESS POWER FOR SPIRITUAL DEVELOPMENT: A CONCEPTUAL STUDY

Devendra Singh Sindhu

Page No.: 12354 - 12358

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The present conceptual paper is to study the objects of conception of Spiritual power, Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development and colorful conditioning for Awareness through Spiritual Development with high points (i) To understand the conception of Spiritual Development. (ii) To bandy the conception of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. (iii) To bandy the colorful conditioning of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. The present abstract paper grounded on the Spiritual Power to face Current Challenges. Spiritual powers can offer us peace, confidence, awareness and stopgap in our lives. When we get the connection to this amazing power, we're going to feel the balance in our life. The present paper focuses on the introductory generalities of Mindfulness Power. The present paper discusses the colorful conditioning of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. The present paper focuses on the colorful conditioning of Mindfulness Power for Spiritual Development. Key words: Spiritual Development, Mindfulness Power
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Aurther W. Pink (Sep 2011) Spiritual Growth, 2nd edition, paperback publication Dalai Lama, (Nov 1999) The art of Happiness: A handbook for living, Easton press, Fred A. Wolf (2012) The Spiritual Universe, Paper Passionista press, Norman V. Peale (2019) The Power of Positive Thinking, Easton press, Sachin J. Sakhare (2019) Role of spirituality in Yoga, proceedings (ISBN: RNI- MAHMAR/1999/12735) Pune Shefali .R.Pandya (2013), Educational Research, APH Publishing Corporation, New Delhi-110 001. Swami Parmeswaran,Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Swami Vivekananda (2002) Meditation and its Method, Prabhat Books Vaswani J.P, (2017) Spirituality in Daily Life, Gita Publishing House Vishvketu, Yogrishi¸Yogasana: The encyclopedia of Yoga Poses, Kindle Edition
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON COMPARISON OF CONVENTIONAL TEACHING AND INTERACTIVE WHITEBOARD TEACHING IN LEARNING PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY

Ramesh Bhavisetti

Page No.: 12359 - 12366

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During the last two decades, many significant developments have taken place in the discipline of education Educational technology has become a very major and useful area of knowledge relevant for more efficient and effective functions of teaching-learning system. Teaching and learning stand more successful when technology is added to the classroom and to progress students’ learning and to support them extent their aims. Interactive Whiteboard is an influential device in the classroom adding interactivity and association, allowing the integration of media content into the lecture and supporting collaborative learning. Hence researcher would like to study on Interactive Whiteboard teaching in learning Science in Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India. True-Experimental research design was used for this study. The population of the study was made up of 8th class CBSE Students. The sample population was made up of 160 students. This study intends to find out the effectiveness of Interactive Whiteboard teaching in learning Physics and Chemistry. Objectives, Hypotheses, Tool, Sample, Method, Data Analysis, and Educational Implications are discussed as follows. Key Words: Technology, Conventional, Learning, Interactive Whiteboard,
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Armstrong, V. & Barnes, S. & Sutherland, R. & S. Curran & Mills, S. & Thompson (2005), ‘Collaborative research methodology for investigating teaching and learning: the use of interactive whiteboard technology’ Review, Vol. 57, No. 4, November 2005. BECTA (2006). Teaching interactively with electronic whiteboards in the primary phase. Retrieved October 18, 2009 from http://publications.becta.org.uk/download.cfm?resID=25918.
GURUDEV RAVINDRANATH TAGORE KE SHIKSHA DARSHAN KA VARTAMAN PARIPREKSHY AUR USAKI PRASANGIKATA

Pawan Kumar

Page No.: 12367 - 12372

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CORRELATION BETWEEN NUMBER OF SEEDS AND POD LENGTH IN PEA (PISUM SATIVUM L.)

Bhupendra Kumar

Page No.: 12373 - 12378

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Correlation coefficient for 11 characters in 32 strain / varieties of pea (Pisum sativum L.) were studied.. Studies indicated that the genotypic correlation coefficient were higher than the phenotypic correlation coefficient for almost of all the attributes alongwith the consideration of correlation of grain yield/plant and with its contributing characters. Highly significant relationship of grain yield/plant were found to be associated with number of pods/plant, number of primary branches, plant height, pod length and number of seeds/pod . Hence these characters may be taken into consideration during the selection breeding programme. Keywords: Pisum sativum (L.), path- analysis, direct and indirect effects, Correlation
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Arya,S.,Yadav, R.,Malik,B.P.S. and Yadav,R.K.(2014).Variability and association studies in F3 and F4 populations of field pea (Pisum sativumL.)J.of Food Legumes. 27(1):77-79. Gupta, R.K. and Dahiya, B.S.(1986).Inheritance of pod yield traits in pea. Crop Improv. 13(1):45-48. Gupta, K.R.; Lodhi, G.P. and Tomar, Y.S.(1989).Correlation and path analysis in segregating population of chickpea .Indian J. Agri. Res.23(3);121-124. Irfan , A. Khan(1988).Path coefficient analysis of yield attributes in mungbean (Vigna radiate L.).Legume Res. 11(1):41-43.
BHARTIYA AINV PASCHAT VIDWANO PAR UPNISHDO KA PRABHAV

Dr. Vindumati Dwivedi

Page No.: 12379 - 12383

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HAPTIC BASED SCIENCE LEARNING (HBSL) – CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

Swati Avinash Mirajkar, Prof. Ravindra Chobhe & Dr. Vaibhav Jadhav

Recived Date: 2019-04-20 | Accepted Date: 2019-04-28 | Published Date: 2019-05-01

Page No.: 12384 - 12388

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Traditional science education often relies heavily on textbooks and visual aids. While these methods have their place, they can lack the engagement and depth of understanding that comes from hands-on experiences. Haptic technology, which provides tactile feedback through computer interfaces, offers a promising new approach to science learning. This paper explores the potential of haptic technology to revolutionize science education by engaging multiple senses, promoting active learning, and enhancing knowledge retention.

Keywords: Haptic Based Education, Science Education, VI



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